转mtlD/gutD双价基因稻米对大鼠的毒性试验

对转mtlD/gutD双价基因稻米进行了大鼠急性、亚急性毒性实验,致突变试验和30 d喂养试验。结果表明,大鼠经口LD50＞30 g/kg体质量,无致突变作用;30 d喂养试验中,18、36、54 g/kg体质量各剂量组大鼠发育、增重、食物利用率、血常规、脏体比及病理组织学观察等各项指标与基础对照组相比均无显著差异。初步表明转mtlD/gutD双价基因稻米对大鼠来说是安全的。     

转Bt基因抗虫油菜花粉对蜜蜂生存的影响

将转Bt基因抗虫油菜(B．napus L.)和非转基因油菜湘油13号种植小区分别用尼龙网罩住,放入蜜蜂和蜂箱,蜜蜂生活lOd。结果表明：与对照非转基因油菜湘油13号相比,转Bt基因抗虫油菜花粉对蜜蜂生存影响不大,t测验表现两者差异不显著。     

湘油5号油菜芥酸含量的基因分析

为了弄清控制中国甘兰型油菜芥酸含量的基因数目,每个芥酸基因即携带芥酸的量,以及它与欧洲类型油菜的等位关系,特进行了湘油5号芥酸含量的基因分析试验。试验结果表明:(1)湘油5号油菜芥酸含量受两对基因控制,每个芥酸基因即携带芥酸的量为12％     

赣北油棉套栽油菜的播期与密度试验

油菜是江西省的主要油料作物,在保障食用油安全、提高农民收入、增加农业效益、发展生态农业和循环经济中发挥了重要作用.目前江西省油菜种植制度主要有棉油两熟、稻油两熟、旱地油菜和稻稻油三熟等.作者根据油菜产业技术体系的安排以及试验任务与目标,研究在油棉两熟双移栽情况下油菜不同播种时期与密度对产量的影响.现将试验主要情况介绍如下.     

双低甘蓝型油菜“油蔬两用”开发利用现状与展望

“油蔬两用”是油菜多功能利用的重要途径,可有效带动油菜产业发展和促进农民增收。本文探讨甘蓝型双低油菜油蔬两用模式,从发展过程、重要性与可行性分析、菜籽油和油菜薹的品质与利用方式、品种选育与筛选以及栽培技术等方面综述了油蔬两用开发利用的进展,并针对油菜在品牌经营、栽培技术、政策支持以及市场需求方面所面临的问题,提出了加强品牌化经营、标准化生产政策扶持等对策及建议,以期为油蔬两用提质增效提供参考,促进油菜产业振兴。     

转bar基因油菜对非选择性除草剂草丁膦的抗性研究

比较转bar基因油菜742R和普通油菜742对非选择性除草剂草丁膦(PPT)的抗性差异。通过田间浓度梯度试验和测定叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(G S)活性,研究转bar基因油菜742R和普通油菜742对PPT的抗性差异及机理。结果发现普通油菜742子叶期、苗期、蕾期、花期和结果期PPT最低致死浓度分别为0.15%,0.15%,0.25%,0.3%和0.4%,而转bar基因油菜742R子叶期和苗期PPT最低致死浓度分别达2.5%和3.0%,约为普通油菜的20倍,蕾期、花期和结果期当PPT浓度达到30%时植株也未全部死亡,是普通油菜的100倍以上。叶片G S活性测定结果表明,正常生长的742R的G S活性比742高10%左右,PPT处理后,转bar基因油菜742R的G S活性降低20%左右,3 d后基本恢复正常,普通油菜742的G S活性降低90%以上,处理后第3天活性丧失。转bar基因油菜对PPT的抗性比普通油菜高20倍以上。     

茶桑混合袋泡茶毒理学研究

根据<保健食品检验与评价技术规范>对桑叶袋泡茶安全性进行了评价.急性毒性试验结果表明,复方内容物经口LD50>30 g/kg Bw;3项致突变试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30天喂养试验中,各剂量组动物生长发育良好,对体重、食物利用率无不良影响;各剂量组血常规,血清生化测定结果与对照组比较无显著差异;脏器比值与对照差异不明显.肝、心、脾、肾、胃肠、睾丸、卵巢等器官外观和组织切片与对照比均未发现实质性病理改变.结果表明桑叶袋泡茶无毒,无遗传毒性,使用安全性高.     

新时代十年：我国油菜产业发展与路径选择

当前国产植物油自给率依然偏低,油菜作为我国重要的油料作物,国产菜籽油占国内油料作物产油量的约50%,对保障国家食用油供给安全具有重要作用。2012年“中央一号文件”首次全面部署农业科技,油菜产业在科技支撑的作用下取得了长足发展。2023年“中央一号文件”明确提出深入推进大豆和油料产能提升工程,统筹油菜综合性扶持措施,推行稻油轮作,大力开发利用冬闲田种植油菜。在系统梳理2012-2022年油菜产业发展变化的基础上,本文结合科技创新对油菜产业发展的支撑作用,对我国油菜发展面临的问题、制约因素和产业优势等进行全面分析,对我国油菜产业可持续发展提供可资借鉴的政策建议。     

甘蓝型油菜Δ9硬脂酰ACP脱氢酶（SAD)基因的克隆与表达分析

为改良甘蓝型油菜菜籽油脂肪酸的组分,根据拟南芥Δ9硬脂酰ACP脱氢酶（SAD)核酸序列特征,检索白菜全基因组SAD基因和cDNA的可能序列,通过同源序列法克隆获得6个甘蓝型油菜SAD基因。比对结果显示,这6个基因编码的氨基酸序列同源性达53.2%~96.3%。系统进化分析显示,甘蓝型油菜SAD基因与蓖麻、大豆、芝麻、葵花等6个油料作物SAD基因的序列相似性很高,甘蓝型油菜与这些高等植物的SAD基因在进化上具有较高的保守性。本文还对4个甘蓝型油菜SAD基因BnSAD1:1、BnSAD2:1、BnSAD2:2和BnSAD2:3进行了表达模式分析,发现它们在种子发育过程中表达,并且都在40d的种子中表达量达到最高值,推测这4个基因均参与了硬脂酰ACP (C18:0-ACP)脱氢生成油酰基ACP(Δ9C18:1-ACP)的过程,尤其是BnSAD2:3可能为种子特异表达基因。     

湘中地区油菜新品种适应性研究

为筛选适合湘中地区种植的双低油菜品种,2011～2012年引进了5个油菜品种在娄底进行比较试验.结果表明:兴地油1号、湘杂油763、湘杂油5号抗病性强、丰产性好,可在湘中地区示范推广；湘杂油591、沣油792产量较低,宜进一步试验示范.     

不同冬小麦品种旗叶可溶性物质日变化的研究

为了给小麦生产和育种提供理论依据,在大田条件下,对5个不同的冬小麦品种临抗502、CA16、4P3、超优66和京411的旗叶可溶性物质浓度的日变化进行了研究。研究结果表明,不同品种的可溶性物质浓度的日变化有所不同,日变化的过程中,不同品种峰值出现的时间也不尽相同,京411、临抗502、CA16峰值出现的时间要比4P3和超优66峰值出现的时间早;旗叶可溶性物质浓度与千粒重呈正相关,而与穗粒重、穗粒数呈负相关。     

Antidiabetic effect of essential oil from Artemisia sieberi growing in Jordan in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of essential oil extracted from aerial parts of Artemisia sieberi in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Fifty rats were divided into five groups of 10 each. Group I normal rats received 1 mL day(-1) of dimethyl sulfoxide (control); group II normal rats received a single dose (80 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) of essential oil extract of Artemisia sieberi; group III diabetic rats received 1 mL day-of dimethyl sulfoxide; group IV diabetic rats received the oil extract (80 mg kg(-1) b.wt.); group V diabetic rats received metformin (14.2 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). All treatments were orally administered once a day for six weeks. Changes in blood glucose concentration, body weight and food and water intake were measured and the data obtained were compared with that of metformin. The essential oil extract significantly (p < 0.05) lowered blood glucose level as well as food and water intake in diabetic rats accompanied by an increase in body weight gain with no apparent side effect when compared with untreated diabetic rats. These effects were found to be closely similar to that of metformin, a common antidiabetic drug. On other hand, no apparent improvement on body weight gain in diabetic rats treated with metformin. In addition, for all parameters measured, the oil extract showed no effect in normal rats. In conclusion, the essential oil of Artemisia sieberi exhibited antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Present findings support the possible use of the essential oil of Artemisia sieberi as a remedy for diabetes mellitus in humans.     

Comparison of four induced molting methods based on subsequent performance and welfare of Single Comb White Leghorn hens

A total of 400 Single Comb White Leghorn hens at 80 weeks of age were used in present study. Four treatment groups that were consisted of six replications with 10 hens per each replication were considered. In the first treatment, food and water were removed for the first 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. However, on days 3, 5, 7, 9 and on day 10 until day 28 hens were fed 45 g of food per hen (ON-OFF group). In the second and third groups, food was withdrawn for 10, 14 days, respectively and oyster shell and water were provided for ad libitum until day 28 (California and North Carolina treatments (CAL, NC groups)). The last group (full-food treatments (FF group)) was the hens that were non-food-deprived and were fed corn molt diet for 28 days ad libitum. In all treatment groups at day 29, hens were returned to a full food layer ration and received 16 h of light day(-1). Body weight, egg production, egg weight, relative eggshell weight, internal egg quality, egg specific gravity and mortality were determined. Differential leukocyte count and antibody response were also measured. The results demonstrated that induced molting increased egg production according to pre-molt egg production. There was not a significant difference in the rate of egg production during the peak period of post molt production for treatments. No significant differences were detected in differential leukocyte counts and antibody response against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) between treatments at pre molt and post molt of the experiment. This study indicated that diets with high corn level (FF groups) are effective and simplified nonfood removal procedure for welfare molting hens.     

Dieckol Decreases Caloric Intake and Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice

Increased inflammation is the main pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflammation affects lymphatic vessel function that contributes to the removal of immune cells or macromolecules. Dysfunctional lymphatic vessels with decreased permeability are present in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to increase body weight, food intake, and inflammation in the liver. Previously, it was reported that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) decreased food intake or weight gain, and low-calorie diet and weight loss is known as a treatment for NAFLD. In this study, the effects of ECE and dieckol (DK)—which is one component of ECE that decreases inflammation and increases lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage by controlling lymphatic permeability in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice—on weight gain and food intake were investigated. ECE and DK decreased weight gain and food intake in the HFD-fed mice. NAFLD activities such as steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning were increased by HFD and attenuated by ECE and DK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and infiltration of M1 macrophages were increased by HFD, and they were decreased by ECE or DK. The signaling pathways of lymphangiogenesis, VEGFR-3, PI3K/pAKT, and pERK were decreased by HFD, and they were restored by either ECE or DK. The expression of VE-cadherin (which represents lymphatic junctional function) was increased by HFD, although it was restored by either ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE and DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing weight gain and food intake, decreasing inflammation, and increasing lymphangiogenesis, as well as modulating lymphatic vessel permeability.     

苎麻对镉胁迫的响应及其对其它重金属吸收能力的研究

通过田间微区模拟试验,以中苎1号、湘苎2号和湘苎3号为材料,研究苎麻对镉（Cd）胁迫的响应及其吸收铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）和镍（Ni）的能力。结果表明：供试3个品种均有较强的Cd耐受能力（耐受Cd的阈值为11．7mg·kg^-1）,其中湘苎3号耐受Cd的能力最强,在Cd添加量为0～100mg·kg^-1时,其有效株为15．7—29．0株/m^2、生物量为0．67～1．01kg·m^-2、原麻产量为55．4—76．8g·m^-2,显著高于其它2个品种;随着土壤Cd添加量的增大,3个品种地上部的Cd含量及其累积量均显著增加,最高可迭61．5mg·kg^-1与49．6mg·m^-2,表明苎麻对cd具有较强的富集能力,但并未达到Cd的超富集植物的水平;Cd胁迫条件下,3个品种对Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni等重金属的吸收因元素种类的不同而异,中苎1号对Pb、Ni吸收呈现出随土壤Cd添加量增大而增加的趋势,湘苎3号对Zn、Ni吸收则呈现出随土壤Cd添加量增大而减少的趋势,但土壤Cd添加量对3个品种吸收Cu的影响并不明显。同时,苎麻还具有较好的经济效益且不进入食物链,是一种理想的修复与利用重金属污染土壤的备选植物,但镉胁迫对苎麻吸收Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni等重金属的影响机制尚需进一步研究。     

珍稀花生新品种“彩色珍珠”的选育及栽培

花生新品种"彩色珍珠"是湖南农业大学采用辐射诱变技术选育而成。其突出特点:一是外观和食味品质优异,果形美观,种衣色彩鲜艳,出仁率高,食味香甜而酥松;二是油酸与亚油酸比值(O/L)达1.28,货架寿命长;三是综合抗性好,耐酸性、耐瘠性、耐涝性均强,高抗叶斑病、锈病,中抗焦斑病,白绢病轻;四是高产稳产,参加湖南省花生品种区域试验平均荚果产量3897.2 kg/hm2,比对照祁阳小籽增产18.3%。     

7株根瘤菌菌株与热研2号柱花草共生最适磷浓度研究

采用水培的方法,设3个磷水平,7个菌株,通过对株高、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、固氮酶活性、茎叶氮含量、茎叶磷含量的测定及综合分析,确定使热研2号柱花草接种不同根瘤菌菌株达到最佳促生性能的磷浓度。结果表明:7个菌株在中磷时鲜重和含氮量最大,低磷不利于鲜重和含氮量的增加;经主因子综合分析,菌株YM11-1、RJS9-2、PN13-3在高磷时对热研2号柱花草有最好的固氮促生效果,菌株LZ3-2、BS1-1、PN13-3在中等磷条件下有最好的固氮促生效果,菌株FS3-1-1在高磷和中磷都有最好的固氮促生效果。     

小麦干旱胁迫对黏虫取食及食物利用效率的影响

为了解小麦干旱对食叶害虫黏虫食物利用效率的影响,采用PEG-6000模拟干旱处理小麦植株,设置对照(0g·mL-1)、低(0.05g·mL-1)、中(0.1g·mL-1)和强(0.2g·mL-1)4个干旱胁迫水平,以盆栽小麦饲喂黏虫幼虫,观察黏虫取食及食物利用效率。协方差分析表明,干旱胁迫对黏虫幼虫的体质量、取食量有显著影响,但对食物利用量没有显著影响。与对照相比,强干旱胁迫下黏虫取食量减少10.4%,幼虫体质量增加量减少10.6%。经食物利用指数方法分析,干旱胁迫显著影响黏虫的近似消化率和食物转化率,强干旱胁迫下食物转化率较对照减小了8.0%,近似消化率增加10.5%;干旱胁迫对其他食物利用指数均无显著影响。以上结果说明,小麦中度和强度干旱胁迫可对黏虫营养利用效率造成不良影响。     

包衣对大豆生长发育和产量的影响

通过用三种包衣剂对大豆种子包衣的研究,结果表明：大豆种子包衣后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数均优于不包衣种子,但包衣与不包衣种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数差异均未达显著水平。三种包衣剂都能协调大豆的营养生长和生殖生长的关系,增加百粒重,提高产量,其中2号包衣刺产量增加15．51％,差异达极显著水平,1号包衣刺产量增加1.31％,差异不显著,3号包衣剂增产4、49％,差异不显著。