红松高生长模型的研究(英文)

高生长模型是定量研究树木生长过程的有效途径,本文应用双曲线方程、Logistic方程、三个参数的Richards方程及四个参数的Richards方程对红松的高生长进行了研究。结果表明四个参数的Richards方程在模拟红松高生长时最为合适,且当其参数取不同的数值时,该方程可转化为其它理论方程。在使用四个参数的Richards方程时,可根据立地条件事先给定树高最大值,这样可使模型更符合实际情况。此外,文中还对一种以固定年龄时实际树高为参数值的模型进行了讨论,该模型对于计算给定树木的高生长将更为有效。     

抚育间伐对人工红松林生长效应的影响

利用不同间伐强度后40 a的人工红松林,连续抚育3次的长期定位观测资料,分析了抚育间伐对人工红松单木胸径和材积、林分断面积和蓄积、林分枯损和总收获量的影响。研究结果表明:间伐可以增加单木平均胸径和材积的生长率,且不同间伐强度表现为相同的规律,即中度(33.2%)强度(43.4%)弱度(23.1%)对照(0.0%);间伐后林分的断面积和蓄积生长率,具有相似的自然规律,间伐样地的生长率均高于对照;林木枯损率随间伐强度的增加而降低;间伐后的林分总收获量平均增加11.6%,间伐林分之间差别不明显。在整个研究阶段,不同的抚育阶段表现不同的规律,抚育间伐可以延缓单木胸径和材积生长速度的降幅;而不同抚育阶段内,林分断面积和蓄积生长率均为增长,也就是说,在一定阶段内间伐可以有效地提高林分平均断面积和蓄积生长率;从林分枯损状况来看,应该减少间伐间隔期。     

Study on improving the growth quality of planted seedling ofPinus koraiensis in initial stage

Each link in initial process of artificial regeneration ofPinus koraiensis in clear cutting site was researched. The seedling recovery processes after transplantation, the affecting seedlings survival factors in different time, and the characters of seedling growth were analyzed. Results of this study suggest that the root recovery of Korean pine seedlings after transplanting is the key link in the artificial regeneration management. The synthetically management was proposed on basis of seedling root recovery process. The project was surpported by Natural Science Fund of Heilongjiang Province     

不同产地红松苗期生长的初步研究

为探讨不同种源在辽东山区的生长表现,对17个产地红松子代在辽宁省草河口镇的苗期生长性状进行调查分析,结果表明,红松苗高和地径的生长在产地间的差异达到极显著水平,辽宁地区种源普遍优于吉林、黑龙江地区种源;红松苗期生长性状的基本变异模式是海拔垂直梯度为主,纬向渐变为辅的连续型变异。     

Effect of thinning intensity on tree growth and temporal variation of seed and cone production in a Pinus koraiensis plantation

Thinning of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is used to facilitate timber and cone production. The present study in Northeast China investigated the effects of thinning intensity on individual tree growth, temporal variation in cone yield, and seed quality in Korean pine plantation. In 2005, five thinning intensity levels (none, extreme, heavy, moderate and light) were set in 15 permanent plots in a 32-year-old Korean pine plantation at Mengjiagang Forest Farm, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. We recorded tree growth and seed cone production from 2013 to 2016, i.e., from 8 to 11 years after thinning. Except for height growth, thinning increased tree growth (diameter at breast height and crown size) and improved cone yield. The extreme thinning treatment (to 300 trees per hectare) resulted in the largest tree diameter, tree volume, crown size and 4-year cone production per tree. The highest cone yield per tree in the mast year (2014) was observed when stands were thinned to 500 trees per hectare (heavy thinning). Although the best cone and seed quality and the largest cone and seed mass per tree were recorded in the heavily thinned stand, no significant differences were found between heavy and moderate thinning stands (750 trees per hectare). At the stand level, the moderately thinned stand had the highest basal area, stock volume and seed cone production per stand. Our results suggest that thinning to 750 trees per hectare will improve timber and cone productivity in 40-year-old P. koraiensis stands.     

STUDY ON THE TREE GROWTH, ARCHITECTURE AND STAND STRUCTURE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION

lNTRODUCTIONTherhythInofKorcanpinegrowingandtrpearchitectUreissubjectedtoitsownl1crcd-ityandforeststructUre.Tl1cil11portantefTcctsofgapdynamicsarethereasonsthatmaketl1cKoreanpinetrceformhighqualityoftimbcr.Whilecurrentn1anagemcntofKoreanpincforestmainlyfocusesonpurestand,thccco-logicalrelationshipsbetWcenKoreanpineandothcrsPecicsinaconununityareneglected,thcprimitivebiologicalconditionislost.TheKo-reanpinetrecsinplantationcasilydivergeonthctOpofmainsten1,thesescverelyaITectthcgrOedqu…     

谈商品林内人工红松林的抚育

根据林口林业局近些年来对商品林内人工林经营的状况,对其人工红松林抚育质量进行了阐述。     

More attention to protection and research on old-growth Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests

This paper reviews the researches on old-growth korean pine (Pinus koraoensis) forest in Northeast China. The ecological characteristics of the forest were summarized. According to the research results, the importance of studying and reserving on the old-growth forest was addressed, which were the indispensable research laboratory and classroom for forest managers. The conclusions indicate that the future of Korean pine forest management should be based on the research results of old-growth forests.     

红松不同嫁接方法成活率及生长势初探

在同一生长季节对红松进行了髓心形成层贴接法和劈接法嫁接对比试验。结果表明:采取髓心形成层贴接法嫁接平均成活率为62%,劈接法为88%。髓心形成层贴接法嫁接成活后接穗平均生长量为5.9 cm,劈接法为11.8 cm,较髓心形成层贴接法提高了100%。经方差分析,两种方法嫁接成活率及成活后接穗平均生长量差异均极显著,说明红松采取劈接法嫁接优于髓心形成层贴接法。     

The preliminary study on juvenile-mature correlation ofPinus koraiensis

Through studying seven analytic trees from two stands ofPinus koraiensis artificial forests, the results show that the individual variation coefficient of tree heigh, dbh and volume decreases with age increasing after age of 25. Age of 25 is the age that difference of individual growth is from acute difference to comparatively stability. The optimum selection age is 25a forPinus koraiensis’s artificial forests according to the analysis of juvenile-mature correlation, and early selection efficiency. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Fallen wood decomposition ofPinus koraiensis andTilia amurensis

Fallen wood decomposition rate ofPinus koraiensis andTilia amurensis in broadleaved Korean pine forest was studied in this paper. The result showed that decomposition rate of fallen wood was different from that of little diameter wood and coarse woody debris for the same tree species. Fallen wood decomposition was generally rotten from outside to inside. And decomposition speed of fallen woods was different according to tree species and site, and it was also related to diameter of fallen woods. Decomposition depth ofTilia amurensis fallen wood for 17 years was 14 cm, but that ofPinus koraiensis in the same condition was less than 7 cm.Tilia amurensis was decomposed faster thanPinus koraiensis. For same tree species, if the diameter was small, the decomposition speed was quick. This project was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39670144) and funded by the Opened Research Station of Changhai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences. (Responsible editor: Zhu Hong)     

红皮云杉S_(3-0)苗龄型苗高年生长规律的研究

以红皮云杉S3-0苗龄型的苗木为对象,连续3 a观测年生长规律,结果表明:红皮云杉S3-0整个生长期可划分为4个阶段,分别为:生长初期,5月中下旬至6月上旬;生长速生期,6月上旬至7月上旬;生长未期,7月上旬至7月下旬或8月上旬;停止生长期,7月下旬或8月上旬。     

长白山阔叶红松林早春植物生长特征研究

以长白山阔叶红松林下的早春植物为对象,对其生长发育过程、生长环境特点、生物量及其群落学特征进行研究,结果表明:长白山阔叶红松林下早春植物有12种2变种,相对重要的前10种依次为黑水银莲花、朝鲜银莲花、顶冰花、多被银莲花、东北延胡索、侧金盏花、五福花、全缘叶延胡索、大人字果、线叶延胡索;早春植物生长发育需凉爽、湿润、光照充足的环境条件,其生长发育过程与上层林冠有密切关系。长白山阔叶红松林下早春植物总生物量为395.83 kg·hm-2,其中,地上部分生物量为135.26 kg·hm-2,占总生物量的34.17%;地下部分生物量为260.57 kg·hm-2,占65.83%,总密度为272.65万株·hm-2。早春植物在森林生态系统物质循环、能量流动方面具有重要作用。     

Determination about the northwestern area limit ofPinus koraiensis and the geographic occurrence ofPinus sibirica

By investigation, studying and discussion for 9 years, the determination that it should bePinus sibirica growing in the Mohc county, Daxing’anling Mountains area, China, rather thanpinus koraiensis there, is made to correct a false argument in some works from 1950s’ till now thatPinus koraiensis area limit reach Daxing’anling Mountain. The results are as follows: (1) The species so called asPinus koraiensis found in northwest of Daxing’anling Mountain isPinus Sibirica indeed; There are no natural distribution ofPinus Koraiensis in Daxing’anling Mountain. Its northwest area limit only reach Shengshan, Aihui county; (3) There is about 500km of space between the area limits ofPinus koraiensis and that ofPinus sibirica, no mixed growing area. According to above, a sketch map is made to describe different area limit of the two species at Daxing’anling Mountain and nearby.     

Genetic Differentiation of Pinus koraiensis under Different Altitude Conditions in Changbai Mountain

The genetic differentiation of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in different altitudes in Changbai Mountain was analyzed by ISSR technique, and it was found that the level of genetic diversity of Korean pine reduces along with altitude increasing in Changbai Mountain. The variation of Korean pine is mainly from intra-population and there is a positive relativity between genetic distance and vertical geographic distance of Korean pine in different altitudes. The genedc coherence shows that altitude has less insulation to Korean pine. Therefore, it is deduced that the terrain formation of vertical distribution of Korean pine is a result of diffusion from lower altitude to higher altitude in the course of enlarging its adaptability.     

Study of structure and dynamics of Korean pine forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains

The thesis for the Doctorate consist of two parts. The first is to study on structure, dynamics and tree growth of natural Korean pine forest. The second is to research for tree architecture, growth and stand structure of artificial Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests.The thesis compares the stand structure, process of regeneration, and various tree growth patterns between natural forests and artificial forests. Its purpose is to give a basis for forest management and silviculture. The study was carried out in Liangshui Experimental Forest Farm, which is located in the southern Xiaoxing’an Mountains.     

COMPETITION IN OLD GROWTH KOREAN PINE FOREST

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STUDY ON THE SITE OF KOREAN PINE PLANTATION ON THE MAOER MOUNTAIN

1NTRODUCT1oNMaoerMountainliesintheeasternpartofnortheastChinamountainareawithinthenaturalgeographicaldistributionrangeofavaluabletimberspeciesofKoreanpine(PinusKoraiensis).Foraboatmorethanlooyears,cuttinganddestroyingcontinued;f9wnaturalprimaryKoreanpineforestsleft.AlargeareaofKoreanpineplantations,nevertheless,has'grownupastimegoing.Itisapressingproblemforushowtocultivatethemwell,andtorecoveranddevelopthemraPidlyinourforestproductionandscientificresearch.FortheKoreanpinetree,peopledid…     

微量元素对油松苗生长的影响

于年间在哈尔滨园林研究所苗圃,用不同的微量元素和不同浓度浸泡种子和喷洒苗木进行了微量元素对油松苗木生长刺激作用的实验。实验结果表明,用1%和02%浓度的Mn浸泡的种子发芽效果最好,与对照组相比,1%浓度Mn处理的种子发芽率提高了9%~19%,0.2%浓度Mn处理的种子发芽率提高了12%-14%。用硼处理的种子的发芽率最低。对用微量元素施表肥(叶部喷洒)而言,Mn和Mo微量元素效果较好,且低浓度处理效果更好。用低浓度Mn和Mo喷洒的苗木的高度和叶绿素含量均比未处理的苗木高。与种子浸泡法相比,叶部喷洒的效果更好。表7参7。     

长白侧柏树高生长规律研究

以10a划分一个龄级,利用10-140a生的树高生长量数据,通过拟合树高生长趋势方程和趋势曲线的方法,研究长白侧柏树高生长规律。结果表明：长白侧柏在30a生以下时,树高生长较为缓慢;40a生左右进入树高生长速生期;到90a生时,树高生长量急剧下降;从130a生开始,树高生长基本处于停滞状态。