泾县蚕桑产业现状与发展对策

泾县栽桑养蚕历史悠久，发展蚕桑具有得天独厚的自然资源优势，蚕桑产业已成为全县农村经济的支柱产业。但近年来，受各种因素影响，和安徽省内其它大多数县一样蚕桑业有下滑之势。不少从事蚕桑工作的同志及蚕农都渐渐地丧失了信心，引起了省委、省政府的高度重视，“大力发展蚕桑等区域性特色农业”再次写入了省委、省政府2013年1号文件，使安徽省蚕业生产迎来了又一个春天，全省广大蚕业科技工作者应以此为契机，抓住机遇，开拓创新，扎实工作，加快全省茧丝绸产业的科学发展。在此背景下，笔者就泾县蚕桑产业现状进行了调查并研究探索全县蚕桑业持续发展的对策。     

桑蓟马的防治技术及其效果分析

桑蓟马的防治技术及其效果分析江西省吉安农业学校徐海莲一、桑蓟马的发生与为害江西省近几年来蚕桑业发展较快，位于赣中南的吉安地区蚕桑业更是蓬勃发展。为适应这个形势，吉安地区农业学校办起了蚕桑班，还在校园内建立了蚕桑实验基地，面积有卫．３３公顷。自种桑以来...     

磐安县蚕桑产业现状与稳定对策

在调查磐安县蚕桑产业现状和分析蚕桑产业发展优势及存在问题的基础上,提出了现阶段要充分利用当地优势,实施规模经营、提高生产技术、健全服务体系、开展综合利用等稳定磐安县蚕桑产业发展的对策,以促进磐安县蚕农增收和蚕桑产业持续发展.     

滨海县蚕桑产业持续发展的思考

对滨海县蚕桑生产的现状及所取得的成绩进行了综述,分析了滨海蚕桑发展的优势及存在的问题,并提出了通过科技进步加强基地建设、提高蚕桑生产水平、打造龙头企业、深度多元开发、强化经营管理等促进滨海县蚕桑产业持续发展的建议。     

转变蚕业发展方式 提高蚕桑经济效益

黄冈市是大别山区重要蚕桑产区,长期以来,蚕桑发展模式比较单一,经济效益有待提高。通过转变蚕桑产业发展方式,实行桑园、蚕桑副产品综合开发利用和调整茧丝绸产业结构,落实配套措施,大幅度增加蚕农收入,促进茧丝绸企业节本增效,实现蚕桑产业稳定持续发展。     

向仲怀教授谈当前蚕丝业的发展与对策

向仲怀教授谈当前蚕丝业的发展与对策最近，中国工程院院士、西南农业大学校长、著名蚕桑专家向仲怀教授对当前蚕丝业如何走出困境、重振丝绸业雄风提出了精辟的见解。。稳定、巩固蚕桑基础是整个茧丝绸产业长期持续发展最关键的一环。回顾蚕丝业发展的历史，处于蚕业科技...     

岚皋县蚕桑产业可持续发展的对策

在回顾岚皋县蚕桑产业发展的历史和现状,分析岚皋县蚕桑产业发展存在经营规模小、抵御市场风险能力差,劳动力大量转移、农村劳动力短缺,工业化进程加快、桑树资源逐年递减,劳动效率低、比较经济收益差等问题的基础上,提出了改革管理体制、发展养蚕大户、提高劳动力素质、开展蚕桑综合利用等促进岚皋县蚕桑产业持续发展的对策。     

理顺蚕桑体制加快产业发展

坚持以市场拉动、政策推动、科技带动为轴线,扶持蚕桑产业向规模化、集约化、专业化发展,破解瓶颈问题,巩固生产基础,形成统一高效的生产经营管理机制,才能适应蚕桑发展的新形势,保证安康蚕桑产业稳定和持续发展。     

关于淳安蚕桑可持续发展的途径和措施

本文人淳安县蚕桑的现状及存在问题分析中，提出今后蚕桑中持续发展的途径与措施。包括规划、政策、投入、技术等措施。     

毕节市蚕桑产业现状与发展对策

针对毕节市蚕桑产业发展存在的基础薄弱、技术服务体系不全、缺乏龙头企业带动、蚕茧市场混乱和比较效益低等问题,提出了构建全新的产业发展基础、建立健全蚕桑产业社会化服务体系、推广"公司+合作社+农户"的经营模式、规范蚕茧收购秩序、推进综合利用开发等促进蚕桑产业持续发展的对策。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

---

Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

---

Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.