氮肥对番茄衰老调控及产量的影响

以大粉果番茄"西方519"为试材,系统研究了氮素水平对番茄叶片衰老及产量的影响,以探讨设施栽培条件下番茄高产适宜的施氮量。结果表明:番茄叶片中叶绿素含量和净光合速率、保护酶活性均随着氮素水平的增加而增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量则随着施氮量的增加而降低,当施氮量超过300kg·hm~(-2)时,上述指标变化不显著,表明合理施氮可以使番茄植株延缓衰老;增施氮肥可以显著提高番茄产量,当氮肥使用量在300kg·hm~(-2)时产量最高,氮肥用量为200kg·hm~(-2)时经济系数最高。     

钙对茉莉酸甲酯诱导番茄抗灰霉病及防御酶活性的调控作用

以番茄品种L402幼苗为试材,通过外源施钙和缺钙处理,探讨钙对茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）诱导番茄抗灰霉病的作用及其生理机制。结果表明：（1）外源MeJA显著诱导番茄抗灰霉病|外源钙离子进一步增强MeJA诱导的抗病程度|而钙螯合剂EGTA和质膜钙通道抑制剂LaCl3则不同程度抑制MeJA诱导番茄的抗病性。（2）MeJA单独处理后2～5 d内PAL、PPO和POD活性显著高于对照,外源钙离子进一步增强MeJA诱导的上述防御酶活性,两种缺钙处理则不同程度降低防御酶活性。（3）外源施钙及不同缺钙处理,对MeJA诱导的CAT和SOD活性没有规律性影响。由此认为,钙增强MeJA诱导番茄抗灰霉病的程度,可能与其对MeJA诱导番茄叶片中PAL、PPO和POD等防御酶活性的调控有关。     

薄壳山核桃光合生理特性对磷素响应的研究

以薄壳山核桃1年生盆栽实生苗为试材,研究了不同磷素水平条件下薄壳山核桃光合生理指标的变化,为薄壳山核桃肥料施用提供相应的参考依据。结果表明:磷素有利于提高薄壳山核桃叶片的叶绿素含量,磷缺乏和磷过量对叶绿素含量有抑制作用。磷缺乏和磷过量叶片气孔导度降低,胞间CO_2浓度和蒸腾速率均增加,而净光合速率下降。综合不同磷素水平研究结果,在磷水平(P2O5)0.5mmol·L~(-1)条件下可以保障薄壳山核桃幼苗的正常生长,促进光合作用和生理代谢。     

不同丛枝菌根真菌对番茄酶活性及光合作用的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对番茄酶活性及光合作用的影响.结果表明,6种不同AM真菌(Glomus versiforme,Glomus mosseae-2,Glomus intraradices,Glomusdiuphauam,Glomus mosseae,Glomus etunicatum)侵染番茄后,与对照相比番茄叶片POD、SOD、PAL、PPO活性显著的增加,MDA含量显著下降,其中接种G.v的诱导作用最大;G v对番茄的菌根侵染率、菌根依赖性最大,分别是52.7%和75%,其提高番茄光合的效果最为显著.     

NaCl胁迫对番茄嫁接苗保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量及光合特性的影响

 在NaCl胁迫下, 对番茄嫁接苗和自根苗的保护酶活性、渗透调节物质含量及光合特性等进行了比较。结果表明, 番茄嫁接苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶( SOD) 、过氧化物酶( POD) 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 活性以及抗坏血酸(AsA) 含量均显著高于自根苗, 丙二醛(MDA) 含量显著低于自根苗; 嫁接苗叶片游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于自根苗; NaCl胁迫抑制光合作用, 但嫁接苗仍表现出优势; 嫁接苗根系Na + /K+比值显著低于自根苗。以上结果表明, 嫁接苗耐盐性优于自根苗。     

不同基肥处理对温室番茄光合速率与蒸腾速率的影响

以"佳粉18号"番茄为试材,研究了不同基肥施入水平与施入深度对温室番茄不同生育时期生长、光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理对番茄不同生育期叶片的绿色度与光合速率以及蒸腾速率变化呈明显的正相关关系,而番茄叶片SPAD值随生育的进程呈增加的趋势;在基肥总量相同的情况下,分散施入60cm深度番茄植株生长速率与各生育期叶片光合与蒸腾速率都要大于分散施入表层30cm土壤处理;在基肥施入深度相同的条件下,基肥水平较高的处理番茄植株生长速率与盛果期光合与蒸腾速率都要大于低水平与不施处理。总体表明,表层与底层30cm土壤分别施入N 1 200kg/hm2、K 600kg/hm2、P 600kg/hm2的基肥水平更有利于番茄盛果期生长的需要。     

不同施氮水平对“民乐紫皮”大蒜光合特性与叶绿素含量及品质的影响

为了探讨不同施氮水平对大蒜光合作用及品质特征的影响,以"民乐紫皮"大蒜为试材,采用盆栽试验,研究了4种施氮水平下其光合特性参数、叶绿素含量和品质指标的变化。结果表明:在0~240kg/hm~2施氮水平范围内,随施氮量的增加,大蒜叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度及蒸腾速率随施氮量的增加而升高,至施氮量240kg/hm~2时达最高,其后降低。大蒜鳞茎品质指标大蒜素以240kg/hm~2氮处理最高,除6g/盆施氮处理以外分别比不施氮处理增加3.98%、4.56%和6.82%。说明增施一定的氮肥能显著提高大蒜的光合特性和叶绿素含量,改善光合性能,最终影响到大蒜的品质。所有处理中以240kg/hm~2对叶片净光合速率、叶绿素含量和大蒜素的效果最佳,表明240kg/hm~2的施氮量更有助于降低大蒜的蒸腾作用,提高叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率和水分利用效率,并获得较高的大蒜品质。     

不同氮处理下增施CO2对番茄叶片养分含量的影响

为探究不同氮处理对番茄植株叶片养分的影响及增施CO2的效果。以番茄"鸿途"为试验材料,在2个自然光照人工气候室内,采用苗钵基质栽培,设置5个氮素处理的营养液(50、150、250、350、450 mg·L^-1,分别设为N1~N5)、2个CO2浓度(300、600μL·L^-1,分别设为C1、C2),分别测定植株开花期、坐果期、果实膨大期生物量及叶片硝态氮和矿质元素含量。结果表明:中氮处理(N 250~350 mg·L^-1)下,植株干质量、叶片硝态氮含量以及矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量均较高。增施CO2处理后,番茄植株干质量较C1处理增加了10.2%,叶片N、K、Mg含量都增加了20%左右,P含量没有变化,Ca含量降低了25.67%;低氮处理(N 50 mg·L^-1)下,番茄植株干质量、叶片硝态氮含量以及矿质元素N、P、K、Mg、Ca含量均较对照N3处理低。增施CO2处理后,植株的总干质量没有显著增加,其叶片硝态氮含量以及N、P、K含量也没有显著变化,而Ca含量在开花期和坐果期较C1处理分别增加了37.72%、15.45%,Mg含量在开花期较C1处理增加了43.86%;高氮处理(N 450 mg·L^-1)下,植株干质量较N3处理降低了18.03%,叶片硝态氮含量较N3处理增加了111.44%,叶片N、Ca、Mg含量与N3处理接近均较高,P、K含量较N3处理均降低了10%。增施CO2处理后,植株干质量较C1处理增加了35.92%,叶片硝态氮含量增加不显著,叶片N、K、Mg含量较C1处理分别增加了19.06%、27.82%、24.87%,而叶片P含量变化不显著,叶片钙含量在番茄开花期、坐果期和果实膨大期都较低,较C1处理分别降低了21.37%、17.16%、7.75%。综合番茄生长各项指标及经济效益,在营养液N浓度为250~350 mg·L^-1时,增施CO2浓度到600μL·L^-1(C2)最能促进开花期番茄植株叶片养分含量的增加。     

NaCl胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响

为了从碳水化合物生产及代谢的角度分析盐胁迫影响番茄产量和果实品质的原因,以番茄品种‘辽园多丽’为试材,研究不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理对番茄光合特性及叶片中糖代谢的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫导致番茄叶片的净光合速率下降,NaCl浓度越大降低得越多;盐胁迫降低了番茄叶片的气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率,降低了番茄叶片的叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量,这种降低与NaCl浓度正相关。NaCl胁迫导致番茄叶片中果糖和葡萄糖大量积累,NaCl浓度越高积累得越多;NaCl胁迫降低了番茄叶片中的蔗糖和淀粉含量;NaCl胁迫后,番茄叶片中的转化酶活性以及蔗糖合成酶活性均有所提高,而且随着盐浓度增加而增大。说明NaCl胁迫破坏了番茄叶片的光合机能,降低了光合作用效率,而且盐浓度越大降低得越多;NaCl改变了番茄叶片中的糖代谢方向,显著增加了淀粉和蔗糖的分解,提高了叶片中的果糖和葡萄糖含量,而且这种影响随着盐浓度增加而增大。     

氮磷钾配比对温室番茄品质的影响

以‘L-402'番茄为试材,采用“311-B”最优组合设计法,研究了氮肥、磷肥和钾肥对温室番茄品质的影响.结果表明:番茄果实中硝酸盐积累量会随着施用的氮肥或钾肥的增加而增加,在一定范围内适当增施磷肥会降低番茄果实中硝酸盐的积累量;同时,增施磷肥会提高番茄果实中可溶性糖含量,而增施钾肥则会增加番茄果实中可溶性糖、维生素C和氨基酸含量.因此适宜的氮磷钾配比可有效提高番茄果实的营养品质,该试验条件下,氮肥(N)、磷肥(P2O5)和钾肥(K2O)的适宜用量分别为75.0、160.8、352.0 kg/hm2.     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。