农业部蔬菜标准园创建规范

2010年5月7日,农业部发布蔬菜标准园创建规范,提出蔬菜标准园应采取综合措施防控病虫害,应用生态栽培技术,尽量减少化学农药的使用。为了帮助广大蔬菜企业、基地技术员和菜农正确理解和应用生态技术,"本期视点"刊出"蔬菜标准园创建规范",并请相关专家对一系列病虫害绿色防控、集约化育苗、避雨栽培、熊蜂授粉等蔬菜标准园生态栽培技术进行了详细解读。     

抓好标准园创建 引领新科技示范推广

<正>为进一步推进吕巷镇蔬菜标准化生产,抓住市区两级创建蔬菜标准园的契机,2012年吕巷镇上海刘门农艺科技有限公司(以下简称刘门农艺)成功申报创建了市级蔬菜标准园,并获得优秀等级评定。通过此次标准园的创建,刘门农艺基本实现了"五化管理",并应用十项生态技术,取得了良好的经济效益和生态效益,为吕巷镇蔬菜标准化生产起到了以点带面的示范作用。     

蔬菜QACCP生产管理系统的构建和应用

蔬菜生产的信息化管理,正在从安全监管、田间档案管理、信息溯源向生产全过程的质量管理推进。蔬菜质量分析与关键点控制（QACCP）管理系统,是在蔬菜生产管理关键点分析的基础上,综合应用HACCP和GAP管理策略,融合物联网、专家系统、GIS等技术,以生育期为节点,实现蔬菜生产、贮运、销售全过程的信息化管理,能够有效提升蔬菜生产管理水平,保障蔬菜生产供应安全。     

蔬菜标准园生态栽培技术解读

<正>2009年,农业部在全国范围内启动了蔬菜、水果、茶叶等园艺作物标准园创建,其中第一批创建蔬菜标准园401个。蔬菜标准园创建旨在提高蔬菜产品的质量安全水平,保障蔬菜食用安全,保护生态环境,提升蔬菜产业竞争力,促进产业增效和菜农增收,为     

上海蔬菜标准园10年创建概况和发展对策

"十二五""十三五"期间,上海共创建农业农村部级蔬菜标准园24家、上海市级蔬菜标准园220家.蔬菜标准园的创建,提升了上海蔬菜生产基地的标准化生产水平,增强了管理人员和生产从业人员的质量安全意识,提高了蔬菜生产综合效益,有效推动了都市现代绿色农业的发展,但创建标准园过程中还存在一些问题.为做好220家蔬菜标准园的后续管...     

开展标准园创建 提高蔬菜产能

<正>从2010年起,国家农业部和上海市农委陆续开展蔬菜标准园创建工作,浦东新区农委也于2010年完成了蔬菜标准园的创建规划,落实蔬菜标准园项目创建资金,制定新区蔬菜标准园创建实施细则和考核标准。通过3年多的创建工作,浦东新区有20多家基地被评为部、市、区级蔬菜标准园,整体产能得到提升。1蔬菜标准园创建目标和工作内容根据《上海市蔬菜标准园创建管理办法》及《浦东新区蔬菜标准园创建实施细则》的相关规定和要求,结合各园艺场、合作社的实际情况,制定创建蔬     

扎实推进标准园创建工作 巩固提升标准园创建成果

<正>蔬菜标准园创建,即集成技术、集约项目、集中力量,在优势产区建设一批规模化种植、标准化生产、商品化处理、品牌化销售、产业化经营("五化")的生产基地,示范带动本区蔬菜质量提升和效益提高。其目的是通过技术和资源的优化集中,推动蔬菜产业发展方式转变和经营方式创新,逐步实现"五化",稳步提高蔬菜质量安全水平,提升产业发展的质量效益,增强产业的竞争力。近年来,松江区在不断深化对蔬菜标准园认识的基础上,积极认真做好创建工作,进一步巩固并提升已创建的标准园各方面水平。2014年松江区蔬菜标准园启动工作会议在泖港镇上海绿和园艺有限公     

蔬菜标准园展示平台——-河北省

2009 年农业部全面启动园艺作物标准园创建活动，大力推进标准化生产，示范带动蔬菜、水果、茶叶等园艺产品质量全面提升和效益提高，其中第一批创建蔬菜标准园401 个。为切实贯彻落实中央1号文件关于“发展园艺作物标准化生产基地，开展标准化创建活动”的要求，推动标准园创建活动深入开展，我刊特开设蔬菜标准园展示平台，重点反映各地标准园创建工作动态、做法、经验和成效。本期刊登河北省蔬菜标准园的创建经验，供各地学习借鉴。     

农业部将在蔬菜发展重点区域建400个蔬菜标准园

10月30日，从农业部在宁夏举行的全国蔬菜标准园创建活动启动仪式上获悉，今明两年农业部将在全国蔬菜发展重点区域创建蔬菜标准园400个，通过集成技术、集约项目、集中力量，稳定提高蔬菜质量安全水平，提升产业发展质量效益，增强产业竞争力，打造一批高标准、高水平、具有引领示范作用的蔬菜生产“国家队”和主力军，通过树立样板标杆，让农民看得见、学得会、用得上、得实惠。     

蔬菜标准园展示平台——-湖北省

2009～2010 年,湖北省依托全省蔬菜（包括食用
菌、西甜瓜）重点发展区域和全国（全省）无公害蔬菜
生产示范创建县,创建19 个农业部蔬菜标准园,其中
设施蔬菜标准园5 个,露地蔬菜标准园14 个。通过集
成技术、集约项目、集中力量,推进蔬菜标准园实现种
植规模化、生产标准化、销售品牌化和经营产业化,带
动全省蔬菜产业向“三型”（环境友好型、资源节约型、
质量安全型）产业转变,促进蔬菜产品质量安全的提
高和产业竞争力的提升,确保蔬菜市场的有效供给、
蔬菜生产者收入的稳定增加、蔬菜产业的健康可持
续发展,产品质量达到食品安全国家标准,节本增效
10 %以上。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.