Stimulus properties of reinforcing brain shock

Rats easily discriminate between two types of subcortical brain shock which differ in reinforcing properties. When both stimuli are either neutral or positively reinforcing subjects have difficulty in responding differentially to the two types of electrical stimulation of the brain. Possible implications for a theory concerning a generalized or diffuse reinforcement system are discussed.     

甘草浸膏副产品复方添加剂对猪肥育效果及其肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响

西文采用40头中国瘦肉型猪DⅥ系阉公猪，按其日龄和体重分成2个重复，在其基础日粮中按1％添加甘草浸膏副产品复方添加剂进行为期60d的饲养试验，并观察对肥育的效果及其肌肉游离氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明：①日增重可提高23．32％－23．59％，料肉比降低10．74％－10．90％；②可明显增加猪肌肉中游离氨基酸的含量，同时发现猪半腱肌的游离氨基酸含量明显高于其背景长肌。     

相似材料模拟试验中的误差补偿理论

在相似材料模拟试验模型的铺设过程中,与设计要求的理论模型相比,总会存在一定的误差,相似材料模拟试验结果也就会产生相应的误差。本文以岩梁理论和弹性力学为基础建立了相似材料模拟试验的误差补偿理论,经过误差补偿可减少模拟试验误差,从而可以实现使相似材料试验结果由定性向定量的转化。     

霍尔效应测量中的系统误差及其处理

本文对霍尔效应测量中的热能流引起的不等位电势误差提出了自己的见解,然后着重研究消除系统误差的方法,并对实验结果进行了评述.     

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LIVER PREPARATIONS

For the present we can entertain the following ideas regarding the chemical structure of the active fraction of liver in pernicious anemia: it is an amino acid complex with three free COOH groups, it contains sulfur and phosphorus, is soluble in water, acids and bases, precipitates in alcohol at concentration greater than 87 per cent., and has a molecular weight of 6,000.     

Surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia induced by focal brain stimulation

Chronic monopolar electrodes were implanted in the region of the midbrain central gray in eight rats. In three rats, continuous 60 cycle-per-second sine-wave stimulation resulted in an electrical analgesia defined by the elimination of responses to aversive stimulation while general motor responsiveness was retained. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out in these animals during continuous brain stimulation without the use of chemical anesthetics. Following surgery, brain stimulation was terminated, and responses to aversive stimuli returned. Electrodes effective in inducing electrical analgesia at the lowest currents were located at the dorsolateral perimeter of the midbrain central gray. It was concluded that focal brain stimulation in this region can induce analgesia in the absence of diffusely applied "whole brain" stimulation.     

葡萄渣营养成分分析研究

本试验对葡萄渣的营养成分进行了分析研究,结果表明葡萄渣中含有粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、矿物质、微量元素等营养成分,是一种营养价值较高的饲料资源。     

Instrumental learning of vasomotor responses by rats: learning to respond differentially in the two ears

Curarized and artificially respirated rats were rewarded by electrical stimulation of the brain for changes in the balance of vasomotor activity between the two ears. They learned vasomotor responses in one ear that were independent of those in the other ear, in either forepaw, or in the tail, or of changes in heart rate or temperature. In addition to implications for learning theory and psychosomatic medicine, these results indicate a greater specificity of action in the sympathetic nervous system than is usually attributed to it.     

土壤中游离碳酸钙对土壤pH及酶活性的影响

游离碳酸钙是我国北方石灰性土壤的重要组成物质,密切影响着土壤的物理、化学、生物学性质以及土壤的环境学效应,但是将游离碳酸钙作为土壤重要组成物质而探讨其对土壤生物学特性尤其是对土壤酶活性的影响研究较少.通过研究探讨碳酸钙与土壤pH值之间的定量关系以及碳酸钙含量对土壤酶活性的影响,为进一步研究游离碳酸钙对土壤生物学性质及土壤环境效应的影响提供理论参考.采用实验室模拟培养及分析测试的方法进行试验.结果表明:土壤pH随游离碳酸钙含量的增加而增加,趋近于达到该试验条件下的最大值(pH=8.19),但并非呈直线相关,而是呈非线性相关关系.中性磷酸酶活性和转化酶随碳酸钙浓度的增加而降低,其最大降低幅度分别为0.402个活性单位和3.16个活性单位.碳酸钙含量与土壤pH值之间呈非线性相关关系.碳酸钙对土壤中性磷酸酶和转化酶活性产生极显著的抑制作用,对脲酶活性呈现低含量促进而高含量抑制的作用,而对过氧化氢酶则产生极显著的促进作用.     

儿茶素治疗兔外伤性色素沉着的作用及机理初探

通过动物药理试验，发现儿茶素能明显减少兔外伤皮损内Ｄｏｐａ阳性的黑色细胞数，从而减少局部的色素沉着．试验结果表明，儿茶素治疗色素沉着主要是通过调节机体自由基系统，保护ＳＯＤ活性，抑制酪氨酸酶的活性，从而抑制ＬＰＯ的形成，减少含酪氨酸酶的黑素细胞，从而达到减轻色素沉着的效果．     

真空袋装储藏对荞麦品质影响的试验研究

本文针对荞麦在收获后到食用时品质下降过快的问题，在理论分析的基础上，采用真空袋装方法对荞麦米就储藏期间的品质保持问题进行了研究。试验结果表明：真空袋装能有效地抑制荞麦米储藏期间游离脂肪酸浓度的增长。真空度保持在80Kpa以上时，其游离脂肪酸浓度下降为同期常规储藏的42％左右：在荞麦米的色泽保持方面，避光条件下，真空袋装能很好地保持荞麦米原有色泽，但在光照条件下，它的护绿效果却很不明显，只略好于常规储藏。     

由废弃植物纤维制备含氮吸水剂及其性能研究

本文以作物秸秆和瓦楞纸(回收纸箱)作为纤维素的主要来源,采用自由基聚合反应,将纤维素与丙烯酸及其钠盐进行接枝共聚,所得接枝共聚物用氨水中和,得到含氮的吸水保水剂.通过实验初步摸索出了聚合反应的最佳条件,制得了性能较好、价格低廉的产品.     

粗大误差的判别与剔除

各门学科都离不开实验，一切实验都有不同程度的误差，对于林业和治沙学科更是如此，特别是粗大误差严重歪曲了测定的结果，因此对所测定的数据进行粗大误差的差别与剔除是非常必要的，本文运用了误差理论中的格拉布斯准则，对吉兰泰地区四种下垫面上所测的两上不同高度（２ｍ，０．５ｍ）的风速比值进行了粗大误差的判别与剔除并加以分析。     

随机保种群体遗传结构变化的数学模型研究

从理论上量化分析了影响畜禽保种理论的主要因素──起始基因频率和群体大小与基因丢失概率的关系．针对此问题建立了一个数学模型，并用计算机模拟试验验证了模型的正确性和可行性。     

桥跨分析模型薄板剪力的精确计算

对于两对边简支、两对边自由的矩形析，经典薄板理论不能求得Ｑ的精确解，根源在于Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ变换剪力Ｖｙ＝０在静力等效上的局限性。对上述板，通过一个实例，用Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ中厚板理论和经典板理论的解做比较，发现苦自由边板的边界条件Ｍｙ＝Ｖｙ＝０用梁的边界条件Ｍｙ＝Ｑｙ＝０替代，就能得到与用Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ板理论相同的精确内力Ｑｘ，Ｑｙ。这样，就提供了一个科教片上述薄板精确剪力Ｑｘ，Ｑｙ的简化方法     

Closed-loop control of epilepsy by transcranial electrical stimulation

Many neurological and psychiatric diseases are associated with clinically detectable, altered brain dynamics. The aberrant brain activity, in principle, can be restored through electrical stimulation. In epilepsies, abnormal patterns emerge intermittently, and therefore, a closed-loop feedback brain control that leaves other aspects of brain functions unaffected is desirable. Here, we demonstrate that seizure-triggered, feedback transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) can dramatically reduce spike-and-wave episodes in a rodent model of generalized epilepsy. Closed-loop TES can be an effective clinical tool to reduce pathological brain patterns in drug-resistant patients.     

围产期奶牛脂类代谢病监测指标的研究

对呼和浩特市地区某牛场105头围产期奶牛,采用紫外可见分光光度法进行了血中葡萄糖、谷草转氨酶、游离脂肪酸、胆红素、谷丙转氨酶、甘油三酯、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、白蛋白和尿素氮含量的测定,采用梯度稀释法对乳中酮体进行检测。实验结果表明:脂肪肝的发病率为41.9%,酮病的发病率为18.1%,患隐性脂肪肝奶牛占整个患脂肪肝奶牛的24.4%,围产期患酮病奶牛都有不同程度的肝细胞脂肪浸润。脂肪肝病牛葡萄糖含量极显著低于正常值(p<0.01),谷草转氨酶和游离脂肪酸含量极显著高于正常值(p<0.01),血清中胆红素、谷丙转氨酶和甘油三酯的含量极显著高于正常值(p<0.01),胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白和白蛋白的含量极显著低于正常值(p<0.01),而尿素氮差异不显著。酮病奶牛血中葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、胆固醇和碱性磷酸酶的含量极显著低于正常值(p<0.01),谷草转氨酶、游离脂肪酸、谷丙转氨酶、胆红素和甘油三酯的含量极显著高于正常值(p<0.01),而尿素氮差异不显著。     

Intracranial self-stimulation and the rapid decline of frustrative nonreward

Animals deprived of reward for a task previously rewarded behave differently, depending on whether the reward is food or positive brain stimulation. Unlike the relatively stable frustration effects obtained with conventional reward, frustration produced by withholding brain stimulation dissipates rapidly with time.     

辽河油田原油粘温特性分析初探

在原油的加工和输运过程中，原油的流体力学特性、如粘性和粘温特性直接影响着其工作状态。尤其在水面浮油的回收过程中，回收方式的选择和回收率直接取决于原油的粘性及其粘温特性。本文中对辽河油田的重油和稀油的粘温性和粘性进行了理论分析和实验分析，为原油的加工、输运以及浮油的回收提供了理论依据