杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅生产性能的影响

选择３０日龄皖西白鹅公雏４８只，随机分为四组，一个为对照组，试Ⅰ、试Ⅱ和试Ⅲ组补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌的浓度分别为３０ｐｐｍ、６０ｐｐｍ和９０ｐｐｍ。结果表明：补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅增重和羽毛生长影响显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。补饲日粮中添加６０ｐｐｍ的杆菌肽锌较为适宜。     

杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅生产性能的影响

选择３０日皖西白鹅公雏４８只，随机分为四组，一个为对照组，试Ｉ、试Ⅱ和试Ⅲ组补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌的浓度分别为３０ｐｐｍ、６０ｐｐｍ和９０ｐｐｍ。结果表明：补饲日粮中添加杆菌肽锌对皖西白鹅增重和羽毛生长影响显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。补饲日粮中添加６０ｐｐｍ的杆菌肽锌较为适宜。     

饲粮锌水平对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮锌水平对笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫器官发育的影响.试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭180只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭.对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ～Ⅴ组)分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加20、40、60、80 mg/kg锌(ZnSO4·7H2O)的试验饲粮.试验期4周.结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅳ组蛋雏鸭的料重比和Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),雏鸭平均日增重、料重比随饲粮锌水平的增加呈明显的二次曲线变化,以此为指标估测的锌适宜添加水平分别是50.4和54.7 mg/kg;2)Ⅲ组血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶( CuZn-SOD)活性、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量、肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),估测的锌适宜添加水平分别是44.6、47.8、55.7、43.4、54.2 mg/kg,而血清MDA含量、血清GSH-Px活性和肝脏CuZn-SOD活性与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)Ⅲ组胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由此可见,蛋雏鸭采食玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮(含锌33.3 mg/kg)时,锌的适宜添加水平为55.7 mg/kg.     

亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽对断奶仔兔血液生化指标的影响

为研究亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽对断奶仔兔血液生化指标的影响,选用35日龄同期断奶新西兰白兔300只,公母各半,分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20只,分别是BMD高剂量组(H,100mg/kg)、中剂量组(M,50mg/kg)、低剂量组(L,25mg/kg)、杆菌肽锌对照组(BZ,50mg/kg)、空白对照组(C,无添加),每个重复随机抽取6只,测定血液生化指标。结果发现各剂量组血清总蛋白(TP)和葡萄糖(GLU)高于空白对照组,其中高剂量组和中剂量组显著高于空白组(P0.05),高剂量组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和尿素氮(UN)显著低于空白组(P0.05);剂量组Ig G显著高于空白组(P0.05),剂量组IgM与空白对照组差异不显著(P0.05);高剂量组、中剂量组和杆菌肽锌组TNF-α、IL-2和IL-6均显著高于空白组(P0.05)。结果表明亚甲基水杨酸杆菌肽对断奶仔兔的免疫功能起到促进作用,且中剂量组的添加剂量(50mg/kg)效果最好。     

天蚕素抗菌肽替代杆菌肽锌对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响

选用21~23日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪120头,研究天蚕素抗菌肽替代杆菌肽锌对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响。试验仔猪按完全随机区组设计分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮+硫酸粘杆菌素(20 mg/kg)+杆菌肽锌(40 mg/kg),试验一、二、三组分别用200、300、400 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽全部替代对照组日粮中的杆菌肽锌,试验四组饲喂对照组日粮+天蚕素抗菌肽200 mg/kg,试验期14 d。结果表明:试验一组平均日增重比对照组降低了11.35%(P<0.05)、饲料转化率降低了4.55%(P<0.05),试验二、三、四组平均日增重、饲料转化率与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),试验三、四组平均日增重与试验一组相比差异显著(P<0.05),各组间的腹泻率与腹泻频率均无显著差异(P<0.05),用400 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽替代40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌断奶仔猪的生产性能最好。     

大蒜素对雏火鸡生产性能和免疫机能的影响

为研究大蒜素对雏火鸡的生产性能、血清生化指标和免疫器官的影响,本试验选取180只体重相近的1日龄雏火鸡,随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg的大蒜素。结果表明:试验组的平均日采食量、平均日增重与对照组相比分别增加0.36%和2.65%,试验组料重比较对照组降低2.13%,但两组间的差异未达到显著水平(P0.05),试验组的死亡率比对照组低。试验组血清总蛋白含量较对照组提高10.17%(P0.05);试验组血清球蛋白含量较对照组提高24.95%(P=0.06);试验组血清白蛋白含量较对照组降低1.76%(P0.05)。试验组和对照组相比,脾脏指数提高5.83%(P0.05),胸腺指数降低5.28%(P0.05),法氏囊指数降低8.33%(P0.05)。综上所述,在雏火鸡日粮中添加大蒜素,具有改善雏火鸡生产性能,提高雏火鸡机体免疫性能的作用。     

不同抗生素对仔猪的促生长效果

本试验选用杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪180头,分为3个试验组(每个试验组3个重复,每个重复20头),分别添加那西肽(5mg/kg)、阿美拉霉素(15mg/kg)和维吉尼亚霉素(20mg/kg),三种药物均与硫酸粘杆菌素(20mg/kg)配合使用,试验为期36天.试验结果表明:那西肽组的日增重最高,比阿美拉霉素组提高4.5%(P＞0.05),比维吉尼亚霉素组提高13.4%(P＜0.05);阿美拉霉素组次之,比维吉尼亚霉素组提高8.5%(P＞0.05).三组的料重比差异均不显著.     

日粮中添加女贞子粉对0~4周皖西白鹅生长性能和肠道发育的影响

研究旨在探讨女贞子粉对0~4周龄皖西白鹅生长性能和肠道发育的影响。选用180只1日龄健康、体重一致的皖西白鹅公鹅,按照随机原则,分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,即Ⅰ组(基础日粮)、Ⅱ组(0.5%女贞子粉)、Ⅲ组(1%女贞子粉)。试验期28 d,试验结束,每个重复随机选取4只,测定肠道长度和重量。结果表明:日粮中添加女贞子粉显著提高了试验鹅日增重(P0.05),但对日采食量、料重比及各段肠道长度和重量影响不显著(P0.05);皖西白鹅仔鹅日粮中女贞子粉的适宜添加量为0.5%。     

不同来源蜂花粉对皖西白鹅生长性能和胃组织结构功能的影响

试验旨在研究不同来源蜂花粉对皖西白鹅生长性能和胃组织结构功能的影响。选取150只30日龄健康、体重接近的皖西白鹅,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹅,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加200 mg/kg茶花蜂花粉、200 mg/kg油菜花蜂花粉,试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,油菜蜂花粉组和茶花蜂花粉组的30、60、90日龄体重以及30～60、60～90、30～90日龄的平均日采食量、平均日增重、耗料增重比均无显著差异;3组皖西白鹅的肌胃、腺胃器官指数差异不显著;油菜蜂花粉组、茶花蜂花粉组腺胃浅层管状腺开口排列整齐,黏膜结构完整,深层复管腺较多,腺小管密集,肌胃腺发育好并且排列整齐,黏膜上皮厚;油菜蜂花粉组和茶花蜂花粉组的60日龄腺胃胃蛋白酶与对照组无显著差异,油菜蜂花粉组皖西白鹅90日龄腺胃的胃蛋白酶高于对照组和茶花蜂花粉组(P<0.01)。综上,在日粮中添加蜂花粉对皖西白鹅生长性能没有显著影响,但可改善肌胃、腺胃的组织结构,提高腺胃胃蛋白酶活性,从而增强机体的消化吸收功能,其中200 mg/kg油菜花蜂花粉对皖西白鹅应用效果较好。     

中草药提取物饲料添加剂饲喂皖西白鹅雏鹅的试验研究

为了研究中草药提取物饲料添加剂对皖西白鹅雏鹅的饲喂效果,选取40只3日龄体重相近、健康的雏鹅,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20只。试验组基础日粮中添加中草药提取物饲料添加剂＂浩农宝＂,对照组只喂基础日粮,其他饲养条件均一致,试验期30 d。比较试验组和对照组雏鹅的平均日增重、成活率及饲料转化率。结果表明,试验组雏鹅的平均日增重比对照组增加7.05 g/d,提高了10.85%（P〈0.05）;试验组雏鹅的精神状态良好,无疾病发生,成活率为100%,比对照组高10%（P〈0.05）;试验组雏鹅的饲料转化率比对照组提高8.96%（P〈0.05）。中草药提取物饲料添加剂＂浩农宝＂能够显著提高皖西白鹅雏鹅的平均日增重、成活率及料重比,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.