草坪草植株再生体系研究进展

对草坪草在愈伤组织培养、花药离体培养、悬浮细胞培养以及原生质体培养等方面的研究进展进行综述。分析目前该领域研究出现的问题,并展望了草坪草离体培养的发展趋势。     

禾本科牧草及草坪草原生质体培养与融合技术研究进展

禾本科牧草与草坪草在可持续农业发展、城市绿化、生态保护等方面起着至关重要的作用。植物体细胞杂交是有性杂交的重要补充,在转移由多基因控制和尚未克隆目标基因控制的性状方面具有极大的潜力。本文综述了禾本科牧草及草坪草的原生质体培养与融合技术,包括原生质体分离材料的选择、培养基成分、培养密度及培养方式、融合的方法与方式。同时,对禾本科牧草及草坪草体原生质体培养与融合技术的应用前景作出展望。     

用二级城市污水灌溉草坪

通过对草坪草污水灌溉与清水灌溉的比较研究 ,确定了草坪草污水灌溉的可行性。试验采用二级处理城市混合污水 ;选用草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和中华结缕草为供试草种 ;以草坪草脯氨酸积累量、过氧化氢酶活性及细胞膜透性 3个生理指标和草坪草的地下生物量一个生物学指标作为评价。分别在草坪草受适度低温胁迫时。冷季型草坪草的最适生长时及高温胁迫时测试污水灌溉和清水灌溉草坪的差异。得出清水与污水灌溉下草坪草无显著差异的结论 ,证明用二级城市混合污水灌溉草坪是可行的     

草坪草抗盐性研究进展

简要介绍了草坪草发生盐胁迫的机理 ;盐胁迫对草坪草种子萌发、生长以及体内离子平衡和有机物积累的影响 ;草坪草的抗盐机理及草坪草耐盐性评定方法。提出了减轻草坪草盐胁迫的方法     

呼和浩特市本土草坪草与引进草坪草竞争特性研究进展

本文综述了呼和浩特市本土草坪草与引进草坪草竞争特性研究的科学意义,国内外研究现状及研究展望。特色与创新之处在于:分析各种可控条件对本土草坪草与引进草坪草竞争、生存能力的影响,为探究有效保护本土草坪草、降低外来物种入侵率提供参考。     

草坪草再生体系研究进展

草种是草坪业的基础，但我国缺乏自己培育的草坪草品种，所用草坪草种主要依赖于进口，因此草坪草育种工作亟待加强。常规育种周期长、效率低且难以实现精准靶向育种，而现代生物技术为草坪草育种提供了新的有效途径，其中构建草坪草高效再生体系，加快繁殖速度，对拥有再生体系的草坪草种进行遗传转化是其关键。本文主要综述了近年来对部分冷季型和暖季型草坪草的再生体系研究，总结了影响再生过程的关键因素、存在问题等，同时对未来草坪草再生领域的发展进行了展望，以期对今后草坪草新品种的研发、推广和应用提供参考。     

我国草坪草混播的研究现状及展望

草坪草混播是草坪建植中一种常用的方法,草坪草混播的技术包括品种的选择、组配方案、建植技术、养护管理等。冷季型与暖季型草坪草混播时,应综合考虑它们的生长特点,选择适宜的草种进行混播,以期达到最好的效果。主要探讨了草坪草混播的主要依据和原则,常见的草坪草混播组合及不同的栽培管理对混播草坪的影响,总结了不同地区草坪草混播的模式,并展望了混播草坪在将来的发展前景,以此为我国草坪草混播的研究与生产实践提供更多的理论依据。     

草坪草耐盐性研究进展

围绕草坪草耐盐机制、离子吸收与分布、盐胁迫对草坪草萌发和生长的影响 ,介绍了草坪草耐盐生理。同时阐述了耐盐草坪草的应用及其耐盐品种的筛选     

草坪草分蘖特征及调控机理研究进展

分蘖是草坪草的重要特征之一,直接影响草坪草的耐践踏性及坪用价值。从草坪草分蘖类型、形成过程及分蘖形态特征等方面阐述了草坪草的分蘖特征,并从生长素、细胞分裂素等内源激素及碳水化合物,氮素等营养物质的类型和含量分析探讨了影响草坪草分蘖的调控机理。以期为草坪草分蘖调控机制的进一步研究及针对性地提出养护对策提供参考。     

暖季型草坪草的抗寒性研究概况

由于暖季型草坪草抗寒性较弱,冬季存在枯黄现象而影响草坪观赏性和草坪质量,从而限制了暖季型草坪草的利用与发展。本文综述了低温胁迫对暖季型草坪草光合作用、生理结构的影响以及如何提高暖季型草坪草抗寒性的措施,同时提出了对于暖季型草坪草抗寒性今后的研究趋势。     

The microflora and concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen of cattle fed on single component rations

The composition of the rumen microflora and the volatile fatty acids were examined in cattle free-grazing on grass or stall-fed on hay, grass pellets, oats or dried beet pulp with molasses. Total and viable counts of anaerobic bacteria were highest on the grass feeding, but viable counts as a percentage of total counts were highest when oats or beet pulp with molasses were fed. Counts of cellulolytic bacteria were lowest on these latter 2 diets, and highest on grass or grass pellet diets. Studies of the anaerobic flora showed that the composition in animals fed on grass pellets resembled more that found in animals free-grazing on grass than in those fed on hay. Counts of aerotolerant bacteria were only a small percentage of the total count, but were highest on the hay diet. On this latter diet and on grass-feeding the streptococci (identified as Streptococcus bovis) were predominant, but contrary to expectation, streptococci were found only in small numbers on the oats diet, where coryneform rods were the major type present. Although a period of 4–6 weeks was allowed for the animals to adapt to the feeds, the 2 periods of feeding on oats and dried beet pulp with molasses markedly affected the composition of the rumen flora in the subsequent periods of feeding grass pellets and hay. Ruinen volatile fatty acid analysis showed a propionogenic effect of oats and the highest percentage of butyric acid when beet pulp with molasses was fed. The expected propionogenic effect of grass pellets was not observed.     

USE OF THE T2*‐WEIGHTED GRADIENT RECALLED ECHO SEQUENCE FOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE CANINE AND FELINE BRAIN

T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to help improve detection of intracranial hemorrhage and is widely used in human neuroimaging. To assess the utility of this technique in small animals, interpretations based on this sequence were compared with those based on paired T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in 200 dogs and cats that underwent brain MRI for suspected intracranial disease. Two sets of images (T2 + FLAIR and T2*) were reviewed separately in random order unaccompanied by patient information and were interpreted as normal or abnormal based on whether intracranial abnormalities were seen. The number and location of intracranial lesions were recorded. Eighty‐five studies were considered normal and 88 were considered abnormal based on both sets of images, with good agreement (κ = 0.731) between the two. Susceptibility artifact was present in 33 cases (16.5%) on T2*‐weighted images. In 12 cases (6%) a total of 69 lesions were seen on T2*‐weighted images that were not seen on T2/FLAIR, all of which were associated with susceptibility artifact caused by presumed intracranial hemorrhage. Pseudolesions were seen on T2*‐weighted images in five cases, none of which were associated with susceptibility artifact. Abnormalities were seen on T2/FLAIR images that were not seen on T2*‐weighted images in 35 cases, confirming that T2* does not replace standard spin echo sequences. These results support inclusion of T2*‐weighted sequences in small animal brain MRI studies and indicate that that a large number of abnormalities (especially hemorrhagic lesions) can go undetected if it is not performed.     

甘肃省草本植物上几种黑粉病及病原鉴定

对采自甘肃的画眉草黑粉病 (Ustilago sp ermophora)、白羊草黑粉病 (Sporisoriumandropogonis)、草玉梅黑粉病 (Urocystis anemones)和蓼黑粉病 (Microbotryum bistortarum)的症状进行了描述 ,并对病原进行了鉴定、光学和电镜观察。这 4种病原及引起的病害在甘肃省以前未见正式报道     

Evaluation of 18F‐FDG PET/CT as a diagnostic imaging and staging tool for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT) has been shown to be effective for staging human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but its application for cats with oral SCC is unknown. Twelve cats with biopsy‐proven oral SCC were imaged with whole body 18FDG‐PET/CT to determine its value as a diagnostic imaging and staging tool and fine needle aspirates were obtained of accessible regional lymph nodes. All tumors were FDG avid and conspicuous on 18FDG‐PET/CT images, with an average of the maximum standardized uptake value 9.88 ± 5.33 SD (range 2.9–24.9). Soft tissue infiltrative tumors that were subtle and ill defined on CT were highly visible and more extensive on FDG‐PET/CT. Tumors invading the osseous structures were more similar in extent on 18FDG‐PET/CT and CT although they were more conspicuous on PET images. Three cytologically confirmed metastases were hypermetabolic on PET, while two of those metastases were equivocal on CT.     

内蒙古典型草原野生草坪草种的收集和栽培试验

试验对内蒙古典型草原进行了草坪草种质资源调查,经过野外观察采集了20种草种,并进行了盆栽和建坪试验。结果发现,很多野生的草种都是很好的草坪草材料,如苔草属(Carex)和塔草属(Koeleria)的一些草种表现出巨大的潜力。最后提出了我国草坪草种质资源调查和育种工作的一些建议。     

米糠多糖对健康雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化和体液免疫的影响

为探讨米糠多糖对鸡免疫功能的影响,选用100只10日龄京白939蛋雏鸡,随机平均分为4组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组从10日龄起分别灌服低、中、高3个剂量米糠多糖(50、100和200mg/(kg.d)),每天一次性灌服规定剂量,连续5d;Ⅰ组同时灌服生理盐水作为对照,1mL/只。在灌服米糠多糖前1d和灌服后7、14和21d,分别测定雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力和血清IgG、IgA和IgM含量。在雏鸡14日龄时,对照组和米糠多糖处理组均实施新城疫(ND)疫苗免疫,间隔1周后进行禽流感(AI)疫苗免疫。分别在ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫前1d和免疫后7、14和21d测定ND抗体和AI抗体效价。结果显示:(1)雏鸡灌服3个不同剂量米糠多糖后的7、14和21d,外周血T淋巴细胞转化能力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且以100mg/(kg.d)剂量组效果最好。(2)雏鸡服用3个剂量组米糠多糖后7、14和21d,血清IgG含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清中IgA含量,在14d时,低剂量组与对照组无显著差异,中、高剂量组显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);IgM含量在灌服米糠多糖后7d时,Ⅳ组高与对照组无差异(P>0.05);14d时,Ⅲ组与对照组无差异(P>0.05);米糠多糖其他剂量组在7和14d,血清IgM含量均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);21d时,米糠多糖处理组与对照组比较无显著差异。(3)雏鸡服用米糠多糖可以提高ND疫苗和AI疫苗免疫后的特异性抗体效价,且免疫效果与米糠多糖剂量呈正相关。试验结果表明,米糠多糖能够从促进蛋雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化功能、提高血清免疫球蛋白含量以及提高疫苗免疫特异性抗体效价等方面调节健康雏鸡的免疫功能。     

The use of magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of distal limb wounds in horses: A pilot study

The utility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of equine solar foot penetrations is well established. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the utility of MR imaging in assessment of equine distal limb wounds excluding solar penetrations. Low-field MR images of 23 horses that had previously sustained distal limb wounds were reviewed in consensus by two ECVDI diplomats. Structures (bone; synovial structure; subcutaneous tissue and skin; and ligament/tendon) were identified as normal or abnormal on MR images, radiographs and ultrasound images and reports. All abnormalities were described. The presence of artefacts and their effect on image interpretation were also noted for each modality. Comparisons were made between imaging modalities, and it was noted if MR imaging influenced case management. Abnormalities of the bone were identified in 26% of horses on MR images and 17% of horses on radiographs; there were no osseous abnormalities identified on radiographs that were not identified on MR images, and additional features and better characterisation of lesions were noted on MR images. Tendon/ligament abnormalities were identified in 57% horses on MR and 47% of horses on ultrasound images. Magnetic susceptibility artefacts compromised MR image interpretation in 17% of horses. MR imaging of equine distal limb wounds allowed identification of both osseous and tendon/ligament abnormalities in more cases than either radiography or ultrasonography, and altered case management in 20/23 horses. Although MR imaging should not replace conventional imaging, this study highlights that MR imaging of equine distal limb wounds can yield information not detected on conventional imaging which may direct treatment and affect prognostication.     

Influence of footing surface on mounting and other sexual behaviors of estrual Holstein cows

Seven ovariectomized Holstein cows, treated sequentially with progesterone and estradiol benzoate to induce estrus, were used to determine whether cows showed a preference for mounting and displaying other sexual behaviors toward estrual or nonestrual cows tied on dirt or concrete surfaces. Preference tests were conducted in a test area that consisted of equal-sized concrete and dirt surfaces; two cows, designated A and B, were tied on the two surfaces, one on either side. Cows A and B were treated so that on each of four test days both were estrual, only A was estrual, only B was estrual or neither A nor B were estrual. On each test day, five estrual test cows were introduced individually into the test area for two 30-min test periods. During the first test period, tied cow A was on concrete and tied cow B was on dirt, but during the second test period, their positions were switched. Test cows were able to move freely from surface to surface and to interact with tied cow A or B. Estrual test cows spent 21.6 +/- 1.4 min of each 30-min test period on dirt, regardless of the estrual status of the cow tied on concrete or dirt. Mounting activity was 3- to 15-fold greater on dirt than on concrete when there was an estrual cow tied on dirt, regardless of the estrual status of the cow on concrete. Mounting activity was fourfold greater on concrete than on dirt when there was a tied estrual cow on concrete and a tied nonestrual cow on dirt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

同源物种不同饲养层对鸡精原干细胞体外培养的影响

分别以鸡胚来源的不同细胞为饲养层培养精原干细胞,比较3种不同的饲养层对精原干细胞体外培养的影响。结果显示:精原干细胞在鸡胚成纤维细胞饲养层和鸡睾丸支持细胞饲养层上存活时间较长、生长增殖状况良好。在鸡胚成纤维饲养层上传至四代,每代的AKP阳性克隆率分别为45%、40%、36%和21%。在以睾丸支持细胞为饲养层进行培养时传至三代,每代的AKP阳性克隆率分别是40%、32%、和22%。而以鸡肝细胞作为饲养层,精原干细胞未见有克隆形成,不能进行传代培养,表明鸡胚肝细胞饲养层不适合培养精原干细胞。     

犬细小病毒病的病理学观察

文章对一例吉娃娃幼犬细小病毒病肠炎综合征病例进行了病理学诊断和检查,发现肠道广泛坏死,有充血出血现象,心脏心肌柔软,凝血不良,心房扩张,且伴有慢性出血性肺炎.光镜下见肠绒毛上皮细胞广泛变性、坏死、脱落,肠腔中有大量脱落的绒毛上皮细胞和炎性渗出物,固有层有多少不等的炎性细胞浸润,肠腺和肠绒毛上皮均可见特征性的核内包涵体;心肌纤维也有程度不等的变性、坏死,炎症细胞浸润.