大豆产量相关性状间的遗传相关分析

利用5个大豆品种配制的10个组合作为研究材料,运用朱军(1997)提出的包括加性、显性、上位、加性×环境、显性×环境、上位×环境效应的混合模型方法分析大豆产量相关性状的遗传效应及遗传参数。结果表明,大豆株高、节数、荚数和单株粒重的加性效应,节数、荚数和粒数的显性效应,株高和节数上位效应,株高和粒重的加性环境效应,5个产量相关性状的显性×环境效应,株高、荚数、粒数和粒重的上位×环境效应达到显著水平;株高和主茎节数、主茎节数和单株荚数、单株荚数和单株粒数、株高和单株粒重、主茎节数和单株粒重、单株荚数和单株粒重、单株粒数和单株粒重等成对性状间的表型相关系数和遗传相关系数均为显著的正相关,表明这些成对性状可以协同改良。     

Dynamic profiles of DNA methylation and the interaction with histone acetylation during fiber cell initiation of Gossypium hirsutum

Background: Fiber, as the main product of cotton, provides main raw material for the textile industry. Many key factors have been revealed a significant role in fiber cell development including Myb proteins, phytohormones, fatty acid metabolites, and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is one of the important epigenetic modifications to regulate plant development and responses to abiotic or biotic stimuli. In general, DNA methylation consisting of 5 mC and 6 mA regulates the chromatin stru...     

Effects of irrigation and planting geometry on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality and seed composition

Background:Cotton fiber quality and seed composition play vital roles in the economics of cotton production systems and the cottonseed meal industry.This research aimed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels and planting geometries on fiber quality and seed composition of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).We conducted a 2-year study in 2018 and 2019 in a warm,humid area in the Southeast United States on Dundee silt loam soil.There were three irrigation treatments in the study.The treatments included irrigating every furrow,or full irrigation(FI),every alternate furrow,or half irrigation(HI),and no irrigation,or rain-fed(RF).Planting geometries were on ridges spaced 102 cm apart and either a single-row(SR)or twin-rows(TR).Results:The results of high-volume instrument(HVI),advanced fiber information systems(AFIS)and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)showed that irrigation and planting treatments played a significant role in fiber quality and seed composition.Across irrigation treatments,significant differences were seen in fiber properties,including fineness,maturity ratio,micronaire,neps,short fiber,strength,uniformity,upper half mean length(UHML),upper quartile length by weight(UQLw),and yellowness(+b).Irrigation and planting geometry(PG)had a significant effect on micronaire,strength,and UHML while their interaction was significant only for micronaire.The micronaire was negatively affected by irrigation as FI-SR,FI-TR,HI-SR,and HI-TR recorded 11%~12%lower over the RF-SR and TR treatments.The PG played a minor role in determining fiber quality traits like micronaire and nep count.Irrigation treatments produced significantly lower(3%~4%)protein content than rain-fed,while oil content increased significantly(6%~10%).Conclusions:The study results indicate a potential for improving cotton fiber and seed qualities by managing irrigation and planting geometries in cotton production systems in the Mississippi(MS)Delta region.The HI-TR system appears promising for lint and seed quality.     

The effect of irrigation rates and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on fiber characteristics of Gossypium hirsutum L. cotton

This article reports the estimated relationships between fiber properties of the Acala 4–42 cultivar and N- and P-fertilizers and irrigation. Increasing water rates in the range of 4200–7200 m³/ha weakened the tensile strength of the fibers and increased their fineness; the regression of maturity, length and uniformity ratio was curvilinear: positive on initial rates and negative on those exceeding 5800 m³/ha. N-fertilizer favorably affected all fiber properties determined: fineness and upper quartile length throughout the rate range tested but strength, mean length and uniformity ratio only up to 250–500 kg ammonium sulfate per ha. The most favorable effect of P-fertilizer was in considerably increasing the length uniformity ratio; it also increased length and fineness but suppressed the maturity index.     

QTL analysis across multiple environments reveals promising chromosome regions associated with yield-related traits in maize under drought conditions

Drought is one of the most critical abiotic stresses influencing maize yield. Improving maize cultivars with drought tolerance using marker-assisted selection r...     

A targeted QTL analysis for fiber length using a genetic population between two introgressed backcrossed inbred lines in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)

Cotton fiber is the most important natural raw material for the textile industry, and fiber length(FL) is one of the most important traits in cotton.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping based on high-density genetic maps is an efficient approach to identify genetic regions for FL.In our study, two backcrossed inbred lines(BILs) were chosen as parents to construct a high-density genetic map in F2 which was used to fine map FL QTL in F2:3 population.The genetic map had a total size of 3462.8 cM, containing 9182 singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) based on genotyping-by-sequencing.Two FL related stable QTL were identified on two chromosomes(qFL-A08–1 on A08 and qFL-D03–1 on D03),and qFL-A08–1 was confirmed by a meta-analysis.Utilizing previously obtained RNA-seq data for the two BILs and qRT-PCR analysis, two candidate genes annotated as cytochrome b5(CB5, Gh_A08 G1729) and microtubule end-binding 1 C(EB1C, Gh_D03 G0232) that may regulate FL during the fiber elongation stage were identified.In addition, nine recombination hotspots in this population were found.The results of this study will provide an important foundation for further studies on the molecular and genetic regulation of fiber elongation.     

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the GhIQD gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Background:Calmodulin(CaM)is one of the most important Ca²⁺signaling receptors because it regulates diverse physiological and biochemical reactions in plants.CaM functions by interacting with CaM-binding proteins(CaMBPs)to modulate Ca²⁺signaling.IQ domain(IQD)proteins are plant-specific CaMBPs that bind to CaM by their specific CaM binding sites.Results:In this study,we identified 102 GhIQD genes in the Gossypium hirsutum L.genome.The GhIQD gene family was classified into four clusters(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,andⅣ),and we then mapped the GhIQD genes to the G.hirsutum L.chromosomes.Moreover,we found that 100 of the 102 GhIQD genes resulted from segmental duplication events,indicating that segmental duplication is the main force driving GhIQD gene expansion.Gene expression pattern analysis showed that a total of 89 GhIQD genes expressed in the elongation stage and second cell wall biosynthesis stage of the fiber cells,suggesting that GhIQD genes may contribute to fiber cell development in cotton.In addition,we found that 20 selected GhIQD genes were highly expressed in various tissues.Exogenous application of MeJA significantly enhanced the expression levels of GhIQD genes.Conclusions:Our study shows that GhIQD genes are involved in fiber cell development in cotton and are also widely induced by MeJA.Thw results provide bases to systematically characterize the evolution and biological functions of GhIQD genes,as well as clues to breed better cotton varieties in the future.     

黄河流域棉花种子携带真菌检测

 采用离体平皿测定法,分别对黄河流域8个不同抗病性的常规棉花品种,进行种子内部和外部带菌检测,根据分离纯化的真菌核糖体ITS（Internal transcribed spacer）序列进行分类鉴定。结果表明,棉花种子外部携带了10种真菌,内部寄藏了7种,优势菌群是木贼镰刀菌（Fusarium equiseti）和滕仓赤霉菌（Gibberella intermedia）。部分品种的种子外部检测到了黄萎病菌（Verticillium dahliae）,但并未发现枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum）。另外在种子内部均没有检测到棉花枯黄萎病菌。     

陆地棉铃壳率与产量、早熟性及纤维品质的关系

对22个棉花杂交组合的伏前桃、伏桃、秋桃的铃壳质量进行了研究.结果表明,不同组合间、收获时期间的铃壳质量、铃壳率、棉铃经济系数存在极显著的差异,伏桃的铃壳质量最大,秋桃次之,伏前桃最轻;秋桃的铃壳率最低,伏桃次之,伏前桃最高;秋桃的棉铃经济系数最高,伏桃次之,伏前桃最低.铃壳率降低,有利于产量性状的提高.铃壳率与铃重、小样衣分、单次收花量都呈极显著的负相关,铃壳率与子指呈显著的正相关.铃壳率降低,还能够提高棉花的早熟性,铃壳率与第一次收花率呈极显著的负相关.铃壳率增加,有使纤维品质变优的趋势.铃壳率与马克隆值呈极显著的负相关,铃壳质量、铃壳率与纤维比强度都呈极显著的正相关.     

芝麻核心种质株高构成相关性状的遗传变异及关联定位

以我国216份芝麻核心种质为材料,分析芝麻株高及其构成相关性状的变异、相互关系等,利用79对EST-SSR、AFLP和SRAP引物对供试材料基因组进行检测并进行标记-性状关联分析,检测群体中与株高构成性状相关的DNA变异位点.结果表明,株高及其构成性状的变异均呈现连续变化,变异丰富,变异系数均在10％以上;相关性分析和多元回归拟合株高及其构成因素间的关系表明,主茎始蒴高度、主茎果轴长度是影响株高差异的主要因素.利用GLM(Q)和MLM(Q+K)模型共检测到34个变异位点同时与供试群体两年的株高构成显著关联,对表型变异解释率在1.89％～5.29％,平均为2.82％,其中与主茎始蒴高度显著关联的标记位点M20E12-3被2种模型均检测到.此外,研究发现株高构成因素受基因型、环境和两者互作影响,且均达到极显著水平.     

山东间作大豆产量与主要农艺性状关联分析

为明确间作大豆的性状表现,筛选适宜间作的高产、稳产性大豆品种,本研究在玉米大豆间作模式下,对50份大豆材料在两年的产量与11个主要农艺性状进行相关性及灰色关联度分析,并采用GGE双标图法进行品种适应性及稳产性分析。结果表明：50份材料的主要农艺及产量性状的变异系数在6.87%~77.32%,广义遗传力为0.62~0.97,且生育期、营养生长期、百粒重等9个性状的广义遗传力均大于0.8;相关性分析表明,单株产量与茎粗(0.75**)、生育期(0.76**)呈极显著正相关,其次为株高、主茎节数、分枝数、底荚高、营养生长期、百粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数;灰色关联度分析表明,单株产量与各农艺性状的关联顺序为茎粗>生育期>营养生长期>单株荚数>百粒重>底荚高>单株粒数>分枝数>主茎节数>株高>生殖生长期;GGE双标图法表明汾豆79、中作J7018和皖豆30为适宜间作的高产、稳产性较好的品种。     

水淹胁迫对棉花幼根ADHa与BADH表达的影响

 研究了盆栽棉花幼根在不同时间（0 h,12 h,1 d,2 d,4 d和8 d）水淹胁迫环境下乙醇脱氢酶（ADHa）和甜菜碱醛脱氢酶（BADH）基因相对表达量的变化,结果表明：与对照（0 h）组比较,水淹对ADHa表达在各时间段均具有极为显著的刺激作用;BADH表达在12 h、1 d和8 d时,表达变化不显著,2 d和4 d表达受到显著抑制。     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.     

枝顶孢霉属内生真菌CEF-193对棉花黄萎病的控制作用

棉花黄萎病连年对棉花的产量、品质等造成严重损失，而利用生防菌是绿色防治病害的方法之一。为了明确棉花内生真菌枝顶孢霉CEF-193对棉花黄萎病的防控效果，于2017－2018年在河南安阳开展了生防菌CEF-193防治棉花黄萎病效果的试验。结果表明，CEF-193的3种处理方式均可显著减轻黄萎病发病，其中固体菌剂处理对黄萎病的防治效果最好，温室防效达到52.7%，大田防效达到33.7%；CEF-193处理可促进棉花增产，其中发酵液喷雾处理的棉花铃重增加了6.7%，灌根处理的籽棉产量增加了8.4%。在棉花生产中，生防菌CEF-193可有效防治棉花黄萎病。该研究可为棉花黄萎病的有效控制提供技术支持。     

枝顶孢霉属内生真菌CEF-193对棉花黄萎病的控制作用

棉花黄萎病连年对棉花的产量、品质等造成严重损失,而利用生防菌是绿色防治病害的方法之一。为了明确棉花内生真菌枝顶孢霉CEF-193对棉花黄萎病的防控效果,于2017－2018年在河南安阳开展了生防菌CEF-193防治棉花黄萎病效果的试验。结果表明,CEF-193的3种处理方式均可显著减轻黄萎病发病,其中固体菌剂处理对黄萎病的防治效果最好,温室防效达到52.7%,大田防效达到33.7%;CEF-193处理可促进棉花增产,其中发酵液喷雾处理的棉花铃重增加了6.7%,灌根处理的籽棉产量增加了8.4%。在棉花生产中,生防菌CEF-193可有效防治棉花黄萎病。该研究可为棉花黄萎病的有效控制提供技术支持。     

水稻籼粳交衍生系产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势

采用包括基因型与环境互作效应的加性—显性遗传模型（AD模型）,对不同环境下水稻籼粳交衍生系产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势进行研究。结果表明,播抽天数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重性状以基因的加性主效应为主;结实率和株高性状以基因的显性主效应为主;基因型×环境互作效应明显影响产量相关性状表现,以显性×环境互作为主,其中播抽天数、单株谷重、千粒重和穗长的显性×环境互作效应尤为明显。杂种优势研究表明,由遗传主效应控制的杂种优势除单株有效穗数外,其余8个性状均表现正向群体平均优势;基因型×环境互作杂种优势分析表明,单株谷重、单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高和穗长6个性状杂种优势的稳定性较好。遗传效应分析结果表明,明恢413、97gk1037、明恢118和明恢417在多个性状上表现以遗传主效应为主,环境互作效应较弱,具有较好的环境稳定性,表明该4个籼粳交衍生品系在籼粳杂种优势利用中具有较高的利用价值。     

杂交稻产量与主要经济性状的相关和通径分析

对17个优质杂交水稻的主要经济性状与产量进行相关分析和通径分析,结果表明:每穗粒数和千粒重与产量的相关系数均达极显著水平,每穗实粒数对产量直接作用最大,有效穗数通过穗粒数的间接负作用大于直接作用.提出杂交水稻高产应在保证一定穗数的基础上,主攻每穗实粒数,同时兼顾提高千粒重,协调好性状间的关系.     

Genome-wide association study exposed the pleiotropic genes for yield-related and oil quality traits in Brassica napus L.

Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits.However,the genetic basis of yield-related and oil-quality traits remain ambiguous.A panel of 266 diversified oilseed rape accessions was genotyped using 223 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers covering all 19 chromosomes to identify significant markers associated with yield and qu...