Sulfur dioxide emissions from la soufriere volcano, st. Vincent, west indies

During the steady-state period of activity of La Soufriere Volcano in 1979, the mass emissions of sulfur dioxide into the troposphere amounted to a mean value of 339 +/- 126 metric tons per day. This value is similar to the sulfur dioxide emissions of other Central American volcanoes but less than those measured at Mount Etna, an exceptionally strong volcanic source of sulfur dioxide.     

Carbon dioxide emission from european estuaries

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in surface waters and related atmospheric exchanges were measured in nine European estuaries. Averaged fluxes over the entire estuaries are usually in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mole of CO2 per square meter per day. For wide estuaries, net daily fluxes to the atmosphere amount to several hundred tons of carbon (up to 790 tons of carbon per day in the Scheldt estuary). European estuaries emit between 30 and 60 million tons of carbon per year to the atmosphere, representing 5 to 10% of present anthropogenic CO2 emissions for Western Europe.     

Tsunamis generated by eruptions from mount st. Augustine volcano, alaska

During an eruption of the Alaskan volcano Mount St. Augustine in the spring of 1986, there was concern about the possibility that a tsunami might be generated by the collapse of a portion of the volcano into the shallow water of Cook Inlet. A similar edifice collapse of the volcano and ensuing sea wave occurred during an eruption in 1883. Other sea waves resulting in great loss of life and property have been generated by the eruption of coastal volcanos around the world. Although Mount St. Augustine remained intact during this eruptive cycle, a possible recurrence of the 1883 events spurred a numerical simulation of the 1883 sea wave. This simulation, which yielded a forecast of potential wave heights and travel times, was based on a method that could be applied generally to other coastal volcanos.     

Carbon dioxide fixation by mouse embryos prior to implantation

Mouse embryos in the stage of development prior to implantation were cultured in vitro in a medium that contained radioactive bicarbonate. The radioactivity was incorporated into the proteins and nucleic acids that were acid soluble. Uptake of radioactivity occurred into protein in the unfertilized ovum and was highest in all fractions in the early blastocyst stage. No incorporation was detected in the lipid fraction.     

Magma flow instability and cyclic activity at soufriere hills volcano, montserrat, british west indies

Dome growth at the Soufriere Hills volcano (1996 to 1998) was frequently accompanied by repetitive cycles of earthquakes, ground deformation, degassing, and explosive eruptions. The cycles reflected unsteady conduit flow of volatile-charged magma resulting from gas exsolution, rheological stiffening, and pressurization. The cycles, over hours to days, initiated when degassed stiff magma retarded flow in the upper conduit. Conduit pressure built with gas exsolution, causing shallow seismicity and edifice inflation. Magma and gas were then expelled and the edifice deflated. The repeat time-scale is controlled by magma ascent rates, degassing, and microlite crystallization kinetics. Cyclic behavior allows short-term forecasting of timing, and of eruption style related to explosivity potential.     

Microearthquakes at st. Augustine volcano, alaska, triggered by Earth tides

Microearthquake activity at St. Augustine volcano, located at the mouth of Cook Inlet in the Aleutian Islands, has been monitored since August 1970. Both before and after minor eruptive activity on 7 October 1971, numerous shallow-foci microearthquake swarms were recorded. Plots of the hourly frequency of microearthquakes often show a diurnal peaking of activity. A cross correlation of this activity with the calculated magnitudes of tidal acceleration exhibited two prominent phase relationships. The first, and slightly more predominant, phase condition is a phase delay in the microearthquake activity of approximately 1 hour from the time of maximum tidal acceleration. This is thought to be a direct microearthquake-triggering effect caused by tidal stresses. The second is a phase delay in the microearthquake activity of approximately 5 hours, which correlates well with the time of maximum oceanic tidal loading. Correlation of the individual peaks of swarm activity with defined components of the tides suggests that it may be necessary for tidal stressing to have a preferential orientation in order to be an effective trigger of microearthquakes.     

Carbon dioxide sensitivity in mosquitoes infected with sigma, vesicular stomatitis, and other rhabdoviruses

Carbon dioxide, usually an innocuous narcotic for insects, kills mosquitoes infected with rhabdoviruses. Such toxicity was originally observed in Drosophila harboring a hereditary virus, sigma, and has been considered unique to Drosophila. The new findings support the possibility that insects with piercing and sucking mouthparts harbor similar hereditary viruses and transmit some of them to vertebrates or plants.     

Carbon dioxide activation at the Ni,Fe-cluster of anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase

Anaerobic CO dehydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of CO to CO2 at a complex Ni-, Fe-, and S-containing metal center called cluster C. We report crystal structures of CO dehydrogenase II from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans in three different states. In a reduced state, exogenous CO2 supplied in solution is bound and reductively activated by cluster C. In the intermediate structure, CO2 acts as a bridging ligand between Ni and the asymmetrically coordinated Fe, where it completes the square-planar coordination of the Ni ion. It replaces a water/hydroxo ligand bound to the Fe ion in the other two states. The structures define the mechanism of CO oxidation and CO2 reduction at the Ni-Fe site of cluster C.     

响应面法优化超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取姜精油的工艺

[目的]建立从生姜中获得高质量和高纯度姜精油的提取方法.[方法]应用超临界流体萃取技术,采取单因素和响应面优化方法,选取二氧化碳流量、姜粉过筛目数和夹带剂加入量三个因素作为考察指标,以6-姜酚得率作为姜精油提取的考察指标.[结果]通过响应面实验分析结果得到,最优姜精油提取条件为:二氧化碳流量为25 L/h,姜粉过筛目数为80目,夹带剂加入量为加入无水乙醇92.46 mL,6-姜酚的最优得率为3.21％.[结论]采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术,通过单因素和响应面法优化实验,实现了从生姜中分离提取出高质量和高纯度姜精油的目标.     

Argon-40: excess in submarine pillow basalts from kilauea volcano, hawaii

Submarine pillow basalts from Kilauea Volcano contain excess radiogenic argon-40 and give anomalously high potassium-argon ages. Glassy rims of pillows show a systematic increase in radiogenic argon-40 with depth, and a pillow from a depth of 2590 meters shows a decrease in radiogenic argon40 inward from the pillow rim. The data indicate that the amount of excess radiogenic argon-40 is a direct function of both hydrostatic pressure and rate of cooling, and that many submarine basalts are not suitable for potassium-argon dating.     

Fate of air pollutants: removal of ethylene, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide by soil

The ultimate sink for many air pollutants is unknown. Data are presented here in support of the idea that reaction with soil, through microbial or chemical means, can remove ethylene, other hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide from the air.     

Soufriere volcano, st. Vincent: observations of its 1979 eruption from the ground, aircraft, and satellites

Rapid response by earth, atmospheric, and space scientists made possible diverse observations during the explosive phase of the 1979 eruption of Soufriere Volcano. The 11 reports that follow indicate that, with the availability of appropriate personnel, equipment, and logistical support, a significant body of geophysical data can be gathered on short notice at erupting volcanoes in remote parts of the world.     

应用流式细胞仪分选中性粒细胞的研究

以外周血为样本,应用FACS Aria流式细胞仪分选中性粒细胞,摸索分选最佳条件。采用分选质控试剂Accudrop Beads和鞘液为材料,在FACS Aria流式细胞仪上,对分选液滴的振荡频率(Freq)、振动幅度(Ampl)和液滴间隔值(Gap)进行调试,摸索分选的最佳设定值。结果表明,喷嘴使用70mm,主液流窗Ampl值设定为5.5,Drop1值为197,Gap值为8,侧液流断点窗液滴延迟值为45.31,2nd值为15,3rd值为7,从白细胞中分选中性粒细胞,纯度可达99%。     

改性活性炭去除饮用水中氟离子的研究

[目的]研究改性活性炭对饮用水中氟离子的去除效果。[方法]用AlCl3对常见的煤质活性炭进行改性,并考察了AlCl3浓度、不同活性炭、吸附剂用量及吸附时间对氟离子吸附去除的影响。[结果]经0.5mol/LAlCl3溶液改性的煤质活性炭,用量为8g/L时,其在24h内对10mg/L氟离子的去除率达96%以上。[结论]该吸附剂具有一定的应用前景。     

Early flakes from sozudai, Japan: are they man-made?

Some archeologists consider the lowest component of the Sozudai site to be evidence of a human occupation of southern Japan during the early Würm period. Others deny that the Sozudai objects are artifacts. With separate test procedures, flakes in the Sozudai assemblage were identified and compared to the standard developed by A. S. Barnes. These procedures indicate that flakes in the Sozudai assemblage are of human origin.     

磁性碳纳米管吸附去除水中蒽的研究

利用化学共沉淀方法制备了磁性多壁碳纳米管,研究了磁性多壁碳纳米管对水中蒽的吸附行为及pH值、离子强度、腐殖酸等因素的影响.结果表明,在弱酸性条件下其吸附效率最高,离子强度对吸附的影响较小,腐殖酸在低浓度时抑制蒽的吸附,高浓度腐殖酸则可以促进吸附;蒽的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程;磁性多壁碳纳米管对蒽的吸附率超过98%,最大吸附量可达到95.2mg/g,能有效地去除水中的蒽.     

引进日本性信息素迷向丝控制苹果害虫试验初报

利用性信息素迷向法控制害虫是一有效途径。引进日本产复合搅乱剂－A控制苹果几种主要害虫，经第1年试验结果表明，在不喷杀虫剂条件下，对桃小食心虫、卷叶蛾类、金纹细蛾等有相当作用，且对七星瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫有很好的保护培养效果。