60Co辐射诱变新菌株姬松茸J5产质量的评价

对60Co辐射诱变新菌株姬松茸J5的各潮次子实体产量、农艺性状和各类氨基酸总量的遗传效应进行研究.结果表明,诱变新菌株姬松茸J5的第1～4潮子实体产量和农艺性状(依次为朵重、盖重量、盖直径、盖厚度、柄直径和盖高度)平均分别比原菌株J1的高26.01％、6.57％、10.78％和14.41％,82.81％、76.4.5％...     

镉胁迫对姬松茸产量与镉吸收的效应及防控技术

设立外源添加0、10、20、30、40 mg/kg镉胁迫处理,探讨不同镉胁迫浓度对2个姬松茸品种产量、品质、镉吸收的影响,并研究其防控技术。结果表明：不同镉胁迫浓度对姬松茸J37和J1子实体农艺性状的影响有差异,随着外源镉浓度的增加,其子实体的菌盖重量、菌柄重量、菌盖厚度、菌盖直径、菌柄长度、菌柄直径等6个指标均呈逐渐降低的趋势。J37和J1第一、二、三潮次子实体产量、粗蛋白含量则随镉浓度的增大而明显下降,外源添加0、10、20、30、40 mg/kg镉胁迫处理的J37第一潮子实体产量比J1分别提高32.5%、45.1%、31.0%、38.2%、36.5%;镉胁迫对J1与J37的粗蛋白含量影响敏感点分别为10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg;当镉浓度为20 mg/kg时,J1的多糖含量比J37高8.2%;当镉浓度依次增加时,J1的镉富集量均高于J37。10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg镉胁迫处理J1和J37后,施用45 mg/kg CaSO₄,对镉胁迫的毒害缓解作用最佳,施钙肥对镉胁迫毒害的平均防控率分别达36.2%和47.6%。栽培基质中镉浓度达20 mg/kg,是姬松茸耐受镉毒害的敏感节点或者转折阈值,其第一潮次产量下降幅度超过40%;姬松茸耐受生长基质镉胁迫浓度要控制在10 mg/kg范围内;姬松茸子实体重量或者菌盖直径、菌柄直径变小可作为生长前期镉胁迫产生毒害的直观判断依据。     

姬松茸室外畦式栽培技术

姬松茸原产于美洲的秘鲁、巴西、美国等地，1992年福建省农科院引进该菌株，并进行生物学特性、栽培技术、营养成分、病虫害防治、加工系列研究等。现已在我省的福州、莆田、仙游等县（市）大面积栽培，生物学效率达25．40％。栽培姬松茸的原料来源广泛，栽培技术简单，产量较高，因此姬松茸的栽培及深加工都具有市场前景。姬松茸营养丰富，干品中粗蛋白含量为28．67％，全氨基酸总量为19．22％，其中人体必须氨基酸的含量占全氨基酸的50．2％，比一般食用菌高。姬松茸一年可栽培两季。春季栽培安排在3－5月，秋季栽培安排在8－9月。在福建…     

外源镉胁迫对姬松茸菌丝生长及其酶活性的影响

以外源添加胁迫的形式,探讨镉对不同姬松茸菌株菌丝生长与菌丝抗氧化系统的影响,以及镉对姬松茸菌丝的毒害作用及姬松茸对镉的耐受程度与相关反应。结果表明:随着外源镉浓度的增加,2种姬松茸菌株(J85和J77)菌丝平均生长速度均呈上升-下降-再上升-再下降的变化趋势,J85与J77菌丝平均生长速度达到最大值时的镉浓度分别为1.5 mg/L和2 mg/L,相比较而言,J77菌丝对镉的耐受性比J85菌丝高。2种菌株的超氧化物歧酶(superoxide,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbic acid peroxidase,APX)酶活性及丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量变化均随着镉浓度的增加而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,镉浓度上升对J85菌丝酶活性影响比J77菌丝要强烈,根据菌丝中MDA的含量测定值变化动态分析表明,在相同镉浓度处理下,J85菌丝细胞受破坏程度比J77菌丝更为严重。     

仿生态栽培姬松茸的配方筛选及其氨基酸分析

以稻草、五节芒和圆叶决明及羊粪为栽培姬松茸的培养料进行不同配方处理的仿生态栽培。结果表明,15个配方中以A3(即20%稻草+30%五节芒+50%羊粪)的子实体产量最高,其次为配方B(即50%五节芒+50%羊粪)和配方B1(40%五节芒+10%圆叶决明+50%羊粪)。进一步比较用这3个配方栽培姬松茸时子实体中的氨基酸组成、含量及蛋白质的营养价值,发现配方B1栽培姬松茸时,这些成分的含量均优于其他2个配方,这一结果对姬松茸的栽培模式有重要意义。     

姬松茸粗多糖防治烟草花叶病毒病

烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV）是导致茄科（Solanaceae）作物减产的重大因素，为探寻防治烟草花叶病的食用菌源多糖材料，采用半叶法、五点注射试验和系统寄主侵染活性评价测定6种粗多糖对TMV的防治效果。结果表明：姬松茸（Agaricus blazei）粗多糖提取率最高，可达24.32%，其次是平菇（Pleurotus ostreatus）为18.56%，最低为杏鲍菇（Pleurotus eryngii）10.04%。总糖含量中，姬松茸总糖明显高于其他种类，达到37.71%，其次是桑黄（Phellinus igniarius）和灵芝（Ganoderma lucidum），总糖含量均超过32.00%，此外姬松茸粗多糖的硫酸基含量高达2.10%。半叶法测定6种粗多糖对TMV的防治效果，结果显示，多糖喷施48 h后对接种病毒能达到较好的预防效果，其中云芝粗多糖、姬松茸粗多糖、平菇粗多糖的预防效果均达到60.00%以上。尤其是24 mg/mL姬松茸粗多糖的预防效果达92.04%，叶片的枯斑数目明显少于清水对照组。在五点注射试验中，姬松茸粗多糖处理的荧光斑点亮...     

美肤宝中微量元素和氨基酸含量测定

采用原子吸收光谱法和氨基酸自动分析仪测定了美肤宝中14种元素和17种氨基酸含量。结果表明,美肤宝中含有或富含人体必需的宏(镁、钙)、微(铁、锰、铜、砷、钴等)量元素;氨基酸总量为6.50mg/g,其中10种药效,11种必需半必需和13种香甜味氨基酸分别为3.94、4.18、4.52mg/g,各占总氨基酸含量的60 .6％、64.3％、69.5％;美肤宝护肤健美作用与其所含微量元素、氨基酸有关。     

硒镧复合作用下姬松茸氨基酸数量性状的因子分析

对硒镧复合作用下姬松茸氨基酸数量性状进行因子分析。结果表明,硒镧复合作用下姬松茸氨基酸的17个数量性状,可提取为2个公因子,其累积方差贡献率达93.66%,具有较好地反映这些性状所包含的信息。按照主因子所包含的性状及其所反映的营养学和药学含义,可把2个主因子命名为芳香族氨基酸、支链氨基酸因子和鲜味氨基酸因子。一个2因子的模型能够合理地解释氨基酸含量间的相关关系。其因子得分可用于对硒镧复合作用下氨基酸质量的综合评价,证实氨基酸含量与硒镧复合作用下姬松茸含量之间大部分存在着极显著相关性.这些研究为以后姬松茸的栽培及营养学和药学机理提供科学依据。     

四川黑茶品质化学成分的研究

采用氨基酸自动分析法、高效液相色谱法分析了四川黑茶原料、渥堆叶、康砖成品茶的氨基酸、儿茶素组成含量及咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物的含量。四川黑茶原料氨基酸含量为1424.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为547.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为87.15βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为27.63βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.30%、8.18%、26.94%;渥堆叶氨基酸含量为1590.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为668.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为67.62βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为27.52βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.24%、7.90%、24.53%;康砖成品茶氨基酸含量为1420.00βmg/100g,必需氨基酸含量为529.00βmg/100g,茶氨酸含量为66.88βmg/100g,儿茶素含量为13.65βmg/g,咖啡碱、茶多酚、水浸出物含量分别为1.27%、5.99%、23.92%。     

茉莉花氨基酸组分分析

采用氨基酸自动分析仪对台湾种单瓣茉莉花和双瓣茉莉花水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸组分进行分析。结果表明:台湾种单瓣茉莉花花蕾期与开放期的水解氨基酸总量分别为141.53 mg/g和1 48.73mg/g,游离氨基酸总量分别为4.1 7 mg/g和7.25mg/g;双瓣茉莉花花蕾期与开放期的水解氨基酸总量分别为1 33.1 8mg/g和1 24.14mg/g,游离氨基酸总量分别为5.82mg/g和5.03mg/g。台湾种单瓣茉莉花的水解氨基酸含量显著高于双瓣茉莉花,游离氨基酸含量的差异未达到显著水平。茉莉花花蕾期的游离氨基酸中EAA/TAA比值明显低于开放期。     

Ferulic Acid Dehydrodimers in Rye(Secale cereale L.)

Four ferulic acid dehydrodimers were isolated from rye bran and purified by preparative HPLC after alkaline hydrolysis. The identity of the compounds were confirmed by UV,¹H and¹³C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The content of the four identified dimers corresponded to a total dimer concentration of 307 μg/g (dry matter) of the whole grain. The concentrations in the bran fraction were 10–20 times higher than in the starchy endosperm. The four dimers were in decreasing amounts: ((Z)- β -{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid (8-O-4′-DiFA);trans -5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid (8-5′-DiFA benzofuran form), (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bicinnamic acid (5-5′-DiFA) and (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-3,5′-dimethoxy-β,3′-bicinnamic acid (8-5′-DiFA). The ferulic acid dehydrodimers were also synthesised by a simple procedure from ethyl ferulate using peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide.     

应用分子生物技术筛选台湾花生种原油酸/亚油酸基因型

选用本农场历年来搜集保存的556个花生品系种原,分析ahFAD2A及ahFAD2B基因型。设计ahFAD2AF/R及ahFAD2BF/R引子,进行ahFAD2A及ahFAD2B基因片段检验,可产生826bp之ahFAD2ADNA片段,及658bp之ahFAD2BDNA片段。将ahFAD2A及ahFAD2BPCR产物分别经限制酶Hpy99Ι及Hpy188Ι酶切后,结果受分析的556个品系中,仅E01-146品系之ahFAD2APCR产物无法受限制酶Hpy99Ι酶切;但ahFAD2BPCR产物则受限制酶Hpy188Ι酶切,结果显示E01-146品系同时具有突变基因ahfad2a及ahfad2b。     

花生油酸/亚油酸比值(O/L)遗传研究

研究采用三个不同的杂交组合,"青苗豆×泉州麻壳"、"富川大花生×隆安宝湾花生"和"汕油162×Sunoleic95R",分别对其F2代油酸/亚油酸比值(O/L)进行柱形图分析.结果表明,不同的亲本其后代呈现出不同的图形分布,一个杂交组合后代呈现多峰,另外两个是偏离正态分布的单峰,根据图形分布可以判断出O/L是由主基因控...     

In vitro propagation and regeneration of an industrial plant kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

The present study report a protocol for the efficient in vitro propagation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., an industrial crop having high cellulosic fiber content) on hormone free MS medium using the shoot apex and nodal explants. Shoot tips and nodes were isolated from 15 days old seedlings cultivated on MS medium. Different combinations and concentrations of auxin/cytokinin were used and added to the MS medium to assess the shoot and root induction of theses explants. Several subcultures were drived in order to enhance the multiplication rate. Healthy and well developed in vitro propagated shoots were transferred for acclimatization under greenhouse conditions in pots filled with different substrates (sand + compost or perlite). Our results showed that shoots could elongate and root within 4-6 weeks on MS basal medium without any callus formation. However, addition of growth regulators to the MS medium leaded to a decrease in shoot and root induction rates. Indeed, the highest shoot regeneration frequency (90.5%) was obtained on MS control medium. Elongated shoots were transferred onto the same hormone free MS medium using five subcultures where the multiplication rate reached the highest value (3.66) at the fifth and last step. The in vitro rooted plantlets were acclimatized in greenhouse and successfully transplanted to natural conditions with 70% survival.     

三种浸种剂对Na2SO4胁迫下小麦种子萌发期耐盐性的影响

为了解黄腐酸、褪黑素、水杨酸三种浸种剂对硫酸盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发期耐盐性的调节效应,分别采用不同浓度的黄腐酸(0.5、1.0和1.5 g·L^-1)、褪黑素(0.01、0.05和0.10 mmol·L^-1)、水杨酸(0.1、0.5和1.0 mmol·L^-1)对小麦进行浸种处理,随后与未处理的小麦种子一并采用100 mmol·L^-1 Na₂SO₄溶液培养,测定各处理下小麦种子萌发期的生长生理指标,并通过主成分分析综合评价其耐盐性。结果表明,0.5～1.5 g·L^-1的黄腐酸、0.01～0.10 mmol·L^-1褪黑素、0.1～0.5 mmol·L^-1水杨酸浸种均提升了小麦根系活力、体内抗氧化酶活性,降低了小麦体内超氧阴离子自由基■产生速率及丙二醛(MDA)含量,缓解了盐分对小麦种子萌发的胁迫程度,增强了小麦种子萌发期的耐盐性,促进了小麦的萌发生长。其中,1.5 g·L^-1的...     

Variability in dehydrodiferulic acid composition of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and distribution in milling fractions

The dehydrodiferulic acid content of different common and durum wheat grains and milling fractions was determined by an HPLC procedure. The 8-O-4′, 5–8′ benzofuran, 5–8′ and 5-5′ dehydrodimers were identified in all samples studied and occurred in decreasing relative amounts, respectively. Durum wheats were twice as concentrated in dimers as common wheats. An important genetic variation for dehydrodiferulic acid content was shown within durum wheat grains, whereas the agronomic conditions had no effect. There was 10 to 20 times more dehydrodiferulic acids in external layers (aleurone, bran) than in the starchy endosperm of durum wheat grains. The content and composition in dimers of the inner endosperm did not vary according to genotypes and cultivation conditions. The ratio of dehydrodimers to monomers of ferulic acid which represented an index of dimerisation, was 1·6 times higher in the external layers of the grain than in the endosperm. No relation was found, however, between the degree of ferulic acid dimerisation and the milling behaviour of durum wheat grains.     

大果油茶实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析

为了探讨大果油茶茶籽油脂肪酸组成问题,以实生油茶林丰产单株果实为材料,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,气相色谱法测定C12~C24脂肪酸含量。结果表明,茶籽油所含脂肪酸种类在实生单株间和年际间均存在差异;茶籽油脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,平均相对比重占86.625%,其中又以油酸为主,其含量和相对比重分别平均为79.352%和80.253%;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的相对比重、油酸和亚油酸的含量和相对比重均分别呈极显著、显著或极显著和显著负相关;主要脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等)含量和相对比重均无显著的实生单株间和年际间差异。可见,大果油茶茶籽油的主要脂肪酸组成在不同实生单株间和年际间均稳定,且都以油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸、油酸和亚油酸可能存在转化关系。     

Effect of residual distillation water of 15 plants and three plant hormones on Scotch spearmint (Mentha × gracilis Sole)

Distillation waste water is a byproduct from steam distillation of aromatic crops, and is currently discharged into streams and rivers. We evaluated distillation waste water (extract) from 15 essential oil crops plus three plant hormones (methyl jasmonate, MJ; gibberellic acid, GA3; and salicylic acid, SA) as foliar spray for Scotch spearmint (Mentha × gracilis Sole). GA3 and Achillea millefolium extract decreased essential oil content. Hypericum perforatum extract increased α-pinene, whereas SA decreased it. H. perforatum extract increased β-pinene and sabinene concentrations relative to hormones but was not different from the control. H. perforatum also increased l-limonene, while SA and GA3 decreased myrcene and MJ and SA decreased l-limonene. Application of MJ and SA increased l-carvone concentration relative to the control and most other treatments. The sulfur concentration in plant extracts was positively correlated to β-caryophyllene. None of the residual distillation waters showed significant antimicrobial or antimalarial activity. The distillation waste water from essential oil crops may serve as a modifier for Scotch spearmint essential oil.     

Phenolic acids composition,total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum: A two-years evaluation

Wheat is a good source of polyphenols, plant metabolytes with beneficial effects on human health. However, little information is available on phenolic acid composition and concentration in different Triticum species, as well as on possible environmental effects. To shed some light on this issue, thirty-nine wheat accessions cropped for two years and belonging to different Triticum species (Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum, turanicum and durum, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta and aestivum) were assessed for phenolic acids (ferulic, p-coumaric, vanillic, syringic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic acids and syringaldehyde), total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in soluble conjugated and insoluble bound extracts. Ferulic acid was the most abundant compound in both extracts. Insoluble bound phenolic acids represented >90% of total phenolic acids. Einkorn showed the maximum concentration of conjugated phenolic acids (50.5 mg/kg DM), while durum and bread wheats presented the highest content of bound phenolic acids (651.8 and 629.2 mg/kg DM, respectively). Cropping year influenced the concentration of conjugated but not of bound phenolic acids. A survey of phenolic acid distribution in the kernel showed that they are rare in endosperm, but abundant in germ and bran. Total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were highly correlated to phenolic acid content.