龟鳄人工养殖技术

鳄龟原产北美洲和中美洲,又叫小鳄鱼龟,近年引入我国进行人工饲养获得成功,以其体壮多肉而闻名于世,故又叫肉龟,是龟中的珍品,具有出肉率高、营养丰富、生长速度快、经济价值高等特点。其出肉率居龟类之首,达85～89%。鳄龟年平均增重550～1100克,是一般龟的数倍,鳄龟肉细腻香酥鲜美且无异味,滋补作用十分明显,可通任脉助阳道、补阴血、益精气,凡久病后精血亏虚、疲劳乏力、久瘫痿弱、虚痨咳嗽均有显效,也特别适合产后进补、贫血失眠和脑力衰退者食用。龟板有消肿作用,适合癌肿引起的阴虚、血虚体症。龟血、龟头也都有一定的药用价值。一、生…     

鳄龟及其人工养殖技术

鳄龟原产于北美洲及中美洲，又叫肉龟、小鳄鱼龟，是淡水中两栖动物的位使者。目前．世界上仅存二种鳄龟（另一种是大鳄龟）。我国浙江省海宁市袁花镇名贵动物养殖场从美国引进鳄龟，饲养获得成功。鳄龟是世界上出肉率最高的龟类，出肉率一般在85％左右，最高的可达89％，它是一种高效水产经济动物，其食用率超过所有龟类。鳄龟肉味道鲜美，比甲鱼（王八）自香酥，无异味，而且营养丰富，属高蛋白、高氨基酸、低脂肪、低胆固醇、低热量食品，是高级天然食品。特别适合久病体弱、产后进补、体虚无力、贫血衰弱者食用。鳄龟长相奇特，观赏价值…     

水产养殖新品种(七)

七、鳄龟 鳄龟(见图)原产北美洲和中美洲,以其体壮多肉而闻名于世,故又叫肉龟,是龟类中的珍稀极晶,具有出肉率高、营养丰富、生长速度快、经济价值高等特点。其出肉率居龟类之首,达80％～89％,是一般龟的2倍,鳄龟年平均增重550～1100克,是一般龟的数倍。 鳄龟在3℃～45℃水温中均能生活,20℃～30℃最活跃,28℃～31℃生长最快,15℃以下冬眠,在-     

鳄龟的人工养殖技术

鳄龟又名鳄鱼龟、肉龟、小鳄鱼龟，隶属鳄龟科、鳄龟属，原产于北美洲。1996年由浙江省海宁市两栖爬行动物研究所等单位引入我国。几年的养殖实践表明，鳄龟具有生长快、易繁殖、病害少的特点。鳄龟是著名的肉用龟类，一般出肉率可达80％；另外，鳄龟也有较高的观赏价值。     

鳄龟庭院养殖技术

鳄龟原产于美洲，20世纪80年代引入我国，由于外形奇特、出肉率高、肉味鲜美而兼具观赏、食用及药用等多重价值，且适应性强，生长快，病害少，深受养殖户喜爱。近年我国许多地方都开展了鳄龟养殖，有些家庭利用庭院或阳台进行小规模养殖，同样可以取得很好     

小鳄龟大市场

小鳄龟 ,鳄龟的一种 ,因其形神与鳄鱼相近而得名 ,只重２～１０ｋｇ ,出肉率在龟类中领先 ,生长最快。中国农学会团体会员 ,浙江省海宁市袁花镇科协养龟场１９９６年春季引进养殖 ,当年６～７月份出生小龟养到年底上市时体重４５０～７５０ｇ,饲养条件和饲料成本低于其他龟种。雌龟年产卵６０枚以上 ,超过其他龟种。鳄龟出肉率是体重的８５ %左右 ,是世界上出肉率最高的龟种之一。鳄龟长相奇特 ,观赏价值高。其肉味道鲜美 ,比甲鱼肉香 ,不腻 ,营养丰富 ,属天然绿色食品 ,特别适合久病体虚、产后进补 ,男女性无力 ,贫血失眠、脑力衰退者食用…     

肉龟养殖技术

肉龟原产于北美洲和中美洲，以其体壮肉多而闻名于世，故称肉龟。其出肉率高达８５％～８９％，具有肉味鲜美、营养丰富、生长快、经济效益很高等特点。肉龟特征特性１种类：肉龟分大肉龟和小肉龟两种。（１）大肉龟：大肉龟体重１００ｋｇ以上，性凶猛伤人。（２）小肉龟...     

家庭速养鳄龟技术

鳄龟原产北美洲，又叫小鳄龟、蛇鳄龟，最大体重10kg(另一种大鳄龟最大体重100kg)，其长相奇特，粗看酷似一条鳄鱼，其头伸出体外，不能全部缩入壳内；嘴部上下颌略尖，眼睛有神；尾两边有肉突，尾背前面2／3处有一条鳞皮状隆起的棱脊，并呈锯齿口状；背壳很薄，上有三条纵向背棱，并分成许多丘突，上皮以棕色为主；腹甲小，占腹部面积15％，     

水产养殖新品种(八)

八、蛇鳄龟(肉龟)的人工养殖技术 蛇鳄龟又名鳄龟、肉龟、小鳄龟(相对大鳄龟而言),因其肉多体壮而著称于世。蛇鳄龟近年引入我国,由于控温养殖年净增重可达1000～1500克,出肉率高达85％～90％,营养丰富等特点而被众多特种水产养殖者看好。 1、形态特征 蛇鳄龟成年时体重一般在2500克至4000克,最重可超过5000克,它保持了原始龟的特性,吻较突出,头部较大不能完全缩入甲壳内,嘴上下颌略     

鳄龟卵的收集和孵化

鳄龟原产北美洲，１９９６年引进我国，首先在广东、浙江人工饲养成功，根据接受试验养殖任务的技术人员介绍，鳄龟从试养５年的繁殖情况看，与中国龟对比上具有生长快、出肉率高、产卵量多等特点，因此在管理和收集龟卵及孵化技术上有其不同要求，现把他们的经验介绍于后。１收集鳄龟卵每年春秋季节，当水温２２℃以上时，鳄龟就开始交配，从６月中旬到８月中旬是亲龟产卵盛期。因此要注意收取龟卵。１．１鳄龟于白天产卵于沙滩（产卵场沙坑），不同于我国龟品种，我国的龟常在晚上产卵。鳄龟产卵以上午居多。雌龟善于爬找产卵场，常活动范…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.