辅酶Q10注射液热原标准的研究

目的 :探讨细菌内毒素检查法测定辅酶Q10注射液中细菌内毒素含量的可行性,并以此建立辅酶Q10注射液热原的质量标准。方法:按照《中国药典》2010版二部XIE进行。结果:细菌内毒素法能够用于辅酶Q10注射液的细菌内毒素的测定,检测结果与家兔法一致,其质量内控指标为:将样品稀释400倍后,按《中国药典》2010版二部细菌内毒素法测定,应符合规定。结论:细菌内毒素法质量内控指标可用于辅酶Q10注射液生产中的质量控制。     

鲎试验检测脂肪乳注射液中细菌内毒素的研究

目的:验证鲎试验检查脂肪乳注射液中细菌内毒素的可行性。方法:按照2010年版《中国药典》细菌内毒素检查方法,用2个厂家的鲎试剂对脂肪乳注射液进行研究。结果:用λ为0.5EU/ml的鲎试剂检测细菌内毒素可行、有效。结论:细菌内毒素检查法(凝胶法)可代替兔热原法控制脂肪乳注射液的产品质量。     

细菌内毒素检测法与家兔法检测葡萄糖酸钙注射液热原的比较探讨

目的：考察细菌内毒素检查法对葡萄糖酸钙注射液进行检查的可行性。方法：用细菌内毒素检测法对家兔热原试验的葡萄糖酸钙注射液进行比较试验。结果：供试品对鲎试剂与内毒素的反应无干扰作用。家兔热原检查法结果与细菌内毒素检查法结果相吻合。结论：用细菌内毒素检查法检测葡萄糖酸钙注射液热原是可行的。     

浅谈细菌内毒素检查法中的计算方法

鉴于我国细菌内毒素检查的应用情况和兽药药品检测的实际情况,结合工作实践,对细菌内毒素检查法中的细菌内毒素限值（Ｌ）、最大有效稀释倍数（ＭＶＤ）、最小有效浓度（ＭＶＣ）、鲎试剂灵敏度复核（λｃ）及供试品干扰试验的判断（Ｅｓ、Ｅｔ）的计算方法进行了多次试验,Ｅｔ在０．５Ｅｓ～２．０Ｅｓ（包括０．５Ｅｓ和２．０Ｅｓ）时,供试品在该浓度下不干扰试验。相反存在增强或抑制作用。     

兽用原料药磷酸替米考星细菌内毒素的检查

按照《中国兽药典》2010年版一部附录中凝胶法对兽用原料药磷酸替米考星细菌内毒素进行检查,对不同稀释倍数的磷酸替米考星溶液与细菌内毒素与鲎试剂之间凝集反应的干扰试验。结果显示磷酸替米考星经稀释后对鲎试剂与细菌内毒素之间的凝集反应既无抑制作用,也无增强作用。因此使用凝胶法检测磷酸替米考星中细菌内毒素是可行的,具有简便、快捷等优点。从而确定的磷酸替米考星中细菌内毒素的限度为不大于0.5EU/mg。     

油剂普鲁卡因青霉素注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的研究

对油剂普鲁卡因青霉素注射液细菌内毒素检查方法进行了研究,在样品中加入适量的无菌、无内毒素的０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠％吐温－８０溶液;并用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸调节样品液的ＰＨ值,解决了样品的溶解方法,。用稀释法排除样品对细菌内毒素检查的干扰。实验结果表明,选用鲎试剂灵敏度为０．５ＥＵ／ｍｌ将样品稀释 １２５００ｕ／ｍｌ的溶液后可消除其干扰作用,因此,用细菌内毒素检查法作为该药品的热原物质检查是可行持     

四种兽药细菌内毒素检测方法的研究

建立四种兽药细菌内毒素检查方法,按2000版《中国兽药典》附录细菌内毒素检查法操作。结果表明,注射用青霉素钠、注射用氨苄西林钠、硫酸卡那霉素注射液、硫酸庆大霉素注射液四品种均可采用细菌内毒素检查法代替热原检查法控制热原。     

四种兽药细菌内毒素检测方法的研究

建立四种兽药细菌内毒素检查方法，按2000版《中国兽药典》附录细菌内毒素检查法操作。结果表明，注射用青霉素钠、注射用氨苄西林钠、硫酸卡那霉素注射液、硫酸庆大霉素注射液四品种均可采用细菌内毒素检查法代替热原检查法控制热原。     

兽药细菌内毒素凝胶检查法应注意的几个关键环节

<正>细菌内毒素检查法又称鲎试验法(Bacterial Endotoxin Test or LAL Test),是1964年由美国Lev-in和Bang发现,并在1968年建立的一种定性或定量检测微量细菌内毒素的体外分析方法。细菌内毒素检查包括两种方法,即凝胶法和光度测定法,     

细菌内毒素检查法测定硫酸卡那霉素注射液的热原

参照《中国兽药典》2000版收载的细菌内毒素检查法，验证了硫酸卡那霉素注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。通过干扰试验证明，硫酸卡那霉素注射液对鲎试剂的凝集反应无干扰作用，用灵敏度为0．25EU／mL的鲎试剂检查细菌内毒素的方法可行、有效。可以用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔热原检查法来检测硫酸卡那霉素注射液的热原。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Efficacy of parvaquone in the treatment of naturally occurring theileriosis in cattle in Iraq

Summary Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected withTheileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears. Twenty seven of the cases were considered mild and 18 cases severe. Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg. A single treatment with parvaquone was used in 25 cases and 20 cases were treated twice but there was no correlation between severity of disease and the number of treatments given. Twelve cases (27%) also received antibacterial therapy. All cases were in exotic cattle or cattle born from exotic (imported) cattle and 64% of the cases were in cattle under six months of age. Temperatures dropped immediately after treatment and the majority were normal (below 39.5°C) by two to three days after the first treatment. Of the 45 cases treated 43 recovered. This compares very favourably with a previously reported mortality of 66% in untreated imported cattle in Iraq.

---

Eficacia Del Parvaquone En El Tratamiento De La Theilerosis Natural En Ganado En Iraq

Resumen Se trató ganado infectado conTheileria annulata en forma natural con parvaquone, en clínicas veterinarias localizadas en la vecindad de Baghdad. De 200 casos admitidos con sospecha de theileriosis, entre julio 1984 y julio 1985, la droga se usó en 45 casos confirmados mediante el examen microscópico de frotis de sangre y biopsias de ganglios linfáticos. Veintisiete de los casos se consideraron moderados y 18 casos severos. Se estimaron los pesos de los animales enfermos, suministrandoles parvaquone vía intramuscular en dosis nominales de 20 mg/kg (rango 16–35 mg/kg). Se utilizó un solo tratamiento con parvaquone en 25 casos clínicos, mediante la aplicación de una sola inyección y se aplicaron dos inyecciones en 20 casos (doble tratamiento), sin que se encontrara correlación alguna entre la severidad de la enfermedad, recuperación y número de tratamientos. Doce casos (27%) recibieron también algún tratamiento antibacteriano. Todos los casos de theileriosis se presentaron en ganado exótico o nacido de ganado exótico (importado) y 64% de los casos ocurrieron en ganado bajo los seis meses de edad. La temperatura bajó inmediatamente después del tratamiento, normalizándose dos o tres días después de tratamiento (bajo 39.5°C). De los 45 casos tratados 43 se recuperaron. Se informa una mortalidad previa de 60% en ganado importado no tratado contra theileriosis en Iraq.

---

Efficacite De La Parvaquone Pour Le Traitement De La Theileriose Naturelle Des Bovins En Irak

Résumé La parvaquone a été essayée pour le traitement de bovins infectés parTheileria annulata lorsqu'ils étaient présentés aux cliniques des environs de Bagdad. Sur plus de 200 cas présentés pour suspicion de theilériose entre juillet 1984 et juillet 1985, le médicament a été utilisé dans 45 cas où la theilériose était confirmée par l'examen microscopique du sang et de biopsies de ganglions lymphatiques, 27 cas étaient considérés comme des atteintes modérées et 18 comme des cas graves. Les poids des animaux étaient estimés à l'oeil et la parvaquone administrée par voie intra-musculaire à la dose normale de 20 mg/kg (soit 16 à 35 mg/kg). Un traitement unique à la parvaquone a été pratiqué dans 25 cas et il a du être renouvelé dans 20 cas mais il n'y avait pas corrélation entre la gravité des symptômes et le nombre de traitements requis. Dans 12 cas (27%) une thérapie antibactérienne a également été mise en oeuvre. Tous les malades étaient des animaux importés ou issus d'animaux importés et dans 64% des cas les animaux étaient âgés de moins de 6 mois. Les températures ont chuté immédiatement après le traitement et, pour la plupart, étaient normales (moins de 39°5) deux à trois jours après le traitement—sur 45 animaux traités, 43 ont guéri. Ces résultats apparaissent très favorables par rapport à la mortalité de 66% rapportée antérieurement et affectant les bovins non traités en Irak.