推动武陵山区茶叶产业发展探讨

本文介绍了武陵山区概况、茶叶产业发展优势,分析了武陵山区茶叶产业发展前景、主要制约因素,并提出了推动茶叶产业发展建议。     

湖南省茶叶学会2012年学术年会在沅陵举行

12月14日上午,由湖南省茶叶学会与沅陵县政府共同举办的湖南省茶叶学会2012年学术年会暨首届武陵山片区茶产业高峰论坛在沅陵县举行。来自湖南、湖北、贵州、重庆武陵山片区内26个茶叶主产县的专家、学者、企业家、茶叶主管部门负责人共300余人参加此次会议。会议以"加快推进武陵山片区茶叶产业的快速发展,着力打造特点鲜明、更具市场竞争力和可持续发展的武陵山脉茶产业"为主旨,就武陵山片区茶叶发展战略、区域协作等进行了深入的研讨。与会代表就武陵     

湖南武陵山区茶叶生产现状分析及发展途径探讨

我省武陵山区茶叶生产历史悠久,茶园分布面积较大,全区19个县(市)现共有茶园面积18万多亩,年产茶3600多吨。茶叶是本区的主要经济作物之一。在长期发展茶叶生产的历史中,武陵山区的广大茶农不仅创制了象官庄毛尖,碣滩茶,古丈毛尖,石门牛牴茶这样久负盛誉,品质出类拔萃的数种名茶和优质红绿茶,而且还建成了国营东山峰茶场这样的山区优质     

履行央企政治社会责任 积极开展茶叶产业扶贫——中国茶叶股份有限公司助力脱贫攻坚，探索扶贫新模式

正按照习近平总书记关于"发展产业是实现脱贫的根本之策。要因地制宜,把培育产业作为推动脱贫攻坚的根本之策"的重要指示精神,针对中国优质特色茶叶资源与贫困县分布高度契合的行业特点,中国茶叶股份有限公司(以下简称:中国茶叶)积极发挥产业优势和技术优势,把挖掘、扶持贫困县茶叶资源作为精准扶贫切入点,把加强优质茶叶原料把控与扶贫相结合,努力打通贫困县茶叶销售渠道,提升品牌附加值。     

实施品牌战略 打造茶业强县 湄潭茶叶远销国内外

湄潭是贵州的茶叶之乡,种茶、制茶历史悠久,盛产优质茶叶,是全国重要的茶叶基地县之一,在省内外有着较高的知名度。近年来,湄潭围绕生态立县,产业富民的发展理念提出了制定一个规划、建好一批基地,扶强一批企业、打响一个品牌、培育一个市场、形成一大产业     

打造生态茶园 促进武陵山区旅游经济发展

武陵山区的茶叶生产历史悠久,品牌众多。虽然如此,但是在新时代新形势下对茶叶的生产要求也越来越高,改变传统种植方式,打造生态茶园势在必行。武陵山区从地理条件、气候环境、土壤情况等方面来看,非常适合打造生态茶园。不仅如此,打造生态茶园还可以进一步健全已成规模的武陵山区的旅游模式,扩大武陵山区茶叶的影响,促进武陵山区旅游经济的健康发展。     

香茶一杯 倍感温馨

“天”牌茉莉花茶是湖南省茶叶研究所最新奉献,荣获1992北京首届中国农业博览会金质奖。“天”牌茉莉花茶系采用本所良种茶和武陵、雪峰山区优质毛茶为原料精制茶胚,用洁白、饱满素有“人间第一香”美称的茉莉鲜花精心窨制而成。经农业部茶叶质检中心鉴评和检测,香气     

临沧市实施“四项工程”推动茶叶产业转型升级

<正>茶叶是临沧市优势农业特色产业,种植历史悠久,品质优良。多年来,临沧市委、市政府把茶叶产业作为农业增产、茶农增收、企业增效、财政增长的一个重要产业来培育,按照"稳控面积、提升品质、延伸产业链、增加附加值"的思路,大力实施"四项工程"推进茶叶产业转型升级。目前,全市茶叶产业与旅游、文化互推互动日益融合发展,产业效益初步显现。主要做法是:一是实施优质原料基地建设工程,茶叶产量大幅提升。按照"高产、优质、高效、生态、     

发展武陵绿茶提高湖南茶叶品质

绿茶是湖南的主要茶类,湖南绿茶品质特色鲜明,同时也存在明显的质量缺陷。发展武陵绿茶是提高湖南绿茶品质的根本途径。武陵山区具有生产优质绿茶的良好生态环境和茶树品种资源。发展武陵绿茶：一要有科学导向;二要有政策支持;三要注重武陵绿茶发展中的科学技术问题。     

信阳市茶产业竞争力提升策略探析

中国对茶的研究是比较深入的,并且形成了独具一格的茶文化,作为茶叶的发源地以及茶产业发展最早的国家,是东南地区、西南地区以及秦岭淮河流域等地茶产业在当地经济中保持着较高占比。但是,由于产业集中度不高、优质茶产量较低、国际品牌地不高,且我国的茶产业链发展较为低端,盈利手段较为单一,茶产业竞争力相对较弱。要让茶产业在中国有所发展,就必须转变发展的方式,合理规划发展方案,逐步提升茶产业研究人员的科研能力,加快品牌的建设以及投资,建设优质的茶叶产区,打造我国优质的茶文化。信阳作为河南省的茶叶主产区,肩负着河南省茶文化以及茶产业发展的重任。本文主要对当前茶产业的行业竞争力进行理论分析,结合信阳市茶产业的发展特色,找到其发展分优势和机遇,从而提升信阳市茶产业的竞争力。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.