论城头山野茶“和”文化内涵的哲理观与强省梦

本文通过对"中国最早的城市——城头山古文化遗址"蕴藏的野茶陶杯文化的研究剖析,挖掘出"和"文化内涵是起源中国野茶文化并促进人类文明进步的进化哲理;探讨并提出了城头山野茶的"和"文化利用、弘扬与建设是推进茶叶大省向千亿茶业强省转变的哲理性途径。     

论中国传统茶元素在坭兴陶设计中的应用与创新

坭兴陶是我国陶瓷文化艺术中重要的内涵,其也是茶文化与陶瓷文化相结合的重要诠释,而在坭兴陶设计活动实施过程中,想要有效应用我国的传统茶元素,就必须通过对两种艺术中所包含的具体内涵价值进行分析,通过深度融入,从而实现最佳创新。本文拟从中国传统茶元素的具体展现状况分析出发,结合坭兴陶设计活动开展的价值诉求,通过分析中国茶元素在坭兴陶设计活动中的应用价值,进而分析融入中国传统茶元素在整个坭兴陶设计活动的应用创新机制。     

试论“澧县小叶”野茶悠远的文明演化

本文通过最新考古成果——澧县《澧阳平原原始社会遗址群》及《城头山文化遗址》的综合剖析,粗略论述了澧阳平原一万年的文明起步与城头山六千年古文化的演进,同时也考证了＂澧县小叶＂野茶漫长的进化起源与发展,提出了发掘、弘扬中国茶史的紧迫性和使命感。     

幸福生活合伙人

正自广州恒福茶文化股份有限公司在第二十届品鉴会上提出"幸福生活合伙人"的理念后,前来咨询"幸福生活如何合伙"的新老客户络绎不绝,大家纷纷看好恒福/东道茶生活馆的发展前景。中国的茶陶文化博大精深、源远流长,恒福/东道茶生活馆一方面是传承弘扬中国的茶文化,     

国际茶文化研讨又出新成果

由浙江人民出版社出版发行的茶文化专集《茶业与民生——第十二届国际茶文化研讨会论文精编》一书,9月中旬在全国新华书店发行,作者撰写的《对澧县野茶和城头山出土陶杯的认识》,作为我国最早城市野茶文化研究新学科的研究成果囊入其中并荣获证书。《茶业与民生》由中国国际茶文化研究会学术部主任沈立江主编,中国国际茶文化研究会会长、全国政协文史学习委员会副主任周国富作序。该书从收到来至8个国家的170篇优秀论文中,经权威专家严格评     

倡导"茶为国饮"打造"杭为茶都"--要正确定位,把准方向,谋划布局,做细做强

一、"茶为国饮"问题 "茶为国饮"的提法应该是"名正言顺"的.茶是我国自古以来的大众饮料,"清茶一杯"、"客来敬茶"、"以茶会友"等均体现了华夏古国礼仪之邦、文明之国的文化积淀.何为"国饮"?中国国际茶文化研究会刘枫会长在<倡导茶为国饮>一文中说:"就是要通过推广,让饮茶不仅成为中国的一种民俗,而且在国际上成为一种民族文化的象征符号."     

江西遂川狗牯脑茶荣获第八届“中绿杯”名优绿茶评比活动金奖

正本刊讯近日,在浙江省宁波市举办的第八届"中绿杯"中国名优绿茶评比活动上,由江西遂川县汤湖玉山茶叶专业合作社选送的狗牯脑绿茶荣获第八届"中绿杯"中国名优绿茶评比活动金奖。该县另外一家茶企——遂川县安村茶厂选送的狗牯脑绿茶也获得了银奖。据悉,"中绿杯"中国名优绿茶评比是目前我国绿茶领域内规模最大、参评地区和茶样最多的评比活动,至今已经     

茶与中国文学及文化

论文通过追溯茶的起源,甄别了"茶"与"荼"的区别与联系,茶的药用疗效以及茶在中国文学中表现,梳理了茶在中国文学中的文化表现,探讨了中国茶以及中国文化的独特精神。     

英语教学对中国“茶”与“文化”传播的重要作用

本文分析了英语教学传播中国"茶"与"文化"的可行性,探讨了英语教学传播中国"茶"与"文化"需要注意的问题,最后阐述了英语教学对中国"茶"与"文化"传播的重要作用。     

《茶经》的译介与中国茶文化对外传播的价值

《茶经》是我国重要的茶文化典籍,其译介和传播有着悠久的历史传承。在当代文化"走出去"战略下,融合了中国传统文化儒、道、释三家内涵和精髓的《茶经》之译介与茶文化的传播有着更重要的文化价值和时代意义。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).