Lepidocrocite, an apatite mineral, and magnetic in teeth of chitons (Polyplacophora)

X-ray diffraction patterns show that the mature denticles of three extant chiton species are composed of the mineral lepidocrocite and an apatite mineral, probably francolite, in addition to magnetite. Each of the three minerals forms a discrete microarchitectural unit of the chiton denticles. This is the first indication that lepidocrocite is precipitated by marine organisms and an apatite mineral by chitons.     

Biogeological mineralization in deep-sea hydrothermal deposits

Oriented drill cores retrieved from active massive sulfide edifices at the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge contain an abundance of fossilized tube structures associated with vestimentiferan and annelid worms. The petrological evolution of these biogeological structures and their presence deep inside the edifice walls demonstrate that an initial, worm-mediated texture directly affects the subsequent steps of inorganic precipitation, wall infilling, and outward growth of these black smoker deposits. The presence of fossilized structures in hydrothermal discharge sites that are 2 kilometers apart and their similarity to structures observed in other modern and ancient deposits suggest that these biogeological processes are general phenomena.     

Hemocyte-mediated shell mineralization in the eastern oyster

The growth of molluscan shell crystals is usually thought to be initiated from solution by extracellular organic matrix. We report a class of granulocytic hemocytes that may be directly involved in shell crystal production for oysters. On the basis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis, these granulocytes contain calcium carbonate crystals, and they increase in abundance relative to other hemocytes following experimentally induced shell regeneration. Hemocytes are observed at the mineralization front using vital fluorescent staining and SEM. Some cells are observed releasing crystals that are subsequently remodeled, thereby at least augmenting matrix-mediated crystal-forming processes in this system.     

庭院丝瓜无公害栽培技术

丝瓜是蔓生农作物,适应性广、抗逆力强。不施化肥、不喷或少喷施农药栽培的鲜瓜为无公害绿色食品,尤其适宜庭院栽种,既美化居家环境,又拓宽种植领域。其关键栽培技术如下:1选择良种,杯钵育苗选用高产质嫩、含瓜络较少的鲜食丝瓜优良品种。为培育壮苗,增强抗逆力,一般采用营养钵     

Pancreatic zymogen granules differ markedly in protein composition

The activities of both chymotrypsin and amylase in individual zymogen granules of rat pancreas were measured by means of micromanipulation and microfluorometric methods. The enzyme content and the ratio of amylase to chymotrypsin varied widely among granules taken from the same animal. These results are compatible with short-term nonparallel bulk secretion of the two enzymes through exocytosis. The distribution of each enzyme activity in a population of granules suggests quantal packaging of amylase and chymotrypsinogen into the granules.     

Collagenase: localization in polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules in the rabbit

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules were submitted to zonal fractionation through a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Azurophilic and specific granules were enzymatically characterized by peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity, respectively. The enzymes formed modal distributions like those reported by others. Collagenase activity was consistently associated with the specific granules containing alkaline phosphatase.     

Rhenium-osmium evidence for regional mineralization in southwestern north america

More than 40 base metal porphyry ore deposits in southwestern North America are associated with the Laramide orogeny (about 90 million to 50 million years ago). Rhenium-osmium dates on molybdenite, a rhenium-enriched sulfide common in many of the deposits, reveal that in individual deposits mineralization occurs near the final stages of magmatic activity irrespective of the time of inception, magnitude, or duration of magmatism. Deposits that differ widely in location and in the extent and timing of magmatism have nearly identical ages for mineralization. Rhenium-osmium-ages suggest that mineralization occurred during two distinct intervals from about 74 million to 70 million years ago and from 60 million to 55 million years ago. Most deposits that formed in the oldest interval are within the older Precambrian basement of northwestern Arizona, whereas the younger deposits are restricted to the younger Precambrian basement in southern Arizona and northern Mexico. Synchronous, widespread mineralization indicates that similar crust-mantle interaction occurred on a regional scale for ore deposits once thought to be the product of localized processes.     

有棱丝瓜种植密度的研究

对有棱丝瓜品种雅绿二号春植进行6种种植密度的试验结果表明,种植密度对产量有明显的影响,以1 110株/667 m2的种植密度下产量、产值最高,栽培效果最好。     

Interocean differences in size and nutrition of coral reef sponge populations

Sponges consume an order of magnitude more organic matter on Caribbean coral reefs than on the Great Barrier Reef. This rate of consumption is attributed to Caribbean sponge biomass being five to six times greater than that on the Great Barrier Reef, on average, and to the absence in the Caribbean of phototrophic sponges, which are a feature of clean water regions of the Great Barrier Reef. The long temporal and spatial separation of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans has resulted in the evolution of dissimilar sponge faunas, with Caribbean sponges being heterotrophic, whereas many Great Barrier Reef sponges rely on nutritional input from photosynthetic symbionts.     

土壤氮素矿化研究进展

总结了目前土壤氮素矿化的研究成果,详细概述了土壤氮素矿化的研究方法、影响因素,并展望了今后土壤氮素矿化的研究方向。     

芪板青颗粒体外抗PRRSV效果研究

为了检验芪板青颗粒体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒效果,降低养猪场因感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒带来的损失,本试验通过调整芪板青颗粒溶液与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒液加到Marc-145细胞中的不同顺序,分别检验芪板青颗粒对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的抑制、杀灭和阻断作用。结果显示：芪板青颗粒对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒有一定的抑制、杀灭和阻断作用,在芪板青溶液浓度为24.4～3 125.0 mg/L时,有显著的抑制和杀灭猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒作用,在浓度195.3～3 125.0 mg/L时,有显著的阻断猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒作用。结果表明：芪板青颗粒可用于体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,本试验为芪板青颗粒的应用提供了依据,为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的防治提供了帮助。     

Characterization of A-and B-type starch granules in Chinese wheat cultivars

Starch is the major component of wheat flour and serves as a multifunctional ingredient in food industry. The objective of the present study was to investigate starch granule size distribution of Chinese wheat cultivars, and to compare structure and functionality of starches in four leading cultivars Zhongmai 175, CA12092, Lunxuan 987, and Zhongyou 206. A wide variation in volume percentages of A- and B-type starch granules among genotypes was observed. Volume percentages of A- and B-type granules had ranges of 68.4–88.9% and 9.7–27.9% in the first cropping seasons, 74.1–90.1% and 7.2–25.3% in the second. Wheat cultivars with higher volume percentages of A- and B-type granules could serve as parents in breeding program for selecting high and low amylose wheat cultivars, respectively. In comparison with the B-type starch granules, the A-type granules starch showed difference in three aspects:(1) higher amount of ordered short-range structure and a lower relative crystallinity,(2) higher gelatinization onset(T_o) temperatures and enthalpies(ΔH), and lower gelatinization conclusion temperatures(T_c),(3) greater peak, though, and final viscosity, and lower breakdown viscosity and pasting temperature. It provides important information for breeders to develop potentially useful cultivars with particular functional properties of their starches suited to specific applications.     

HPLC-DAD法测定益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱含量的方法

【目的】建立HPLC-DAD测定益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱含量的方法,为益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱含量测定开发新的方法.【方法】采用Waters X Bridge HILIC色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(80∶20)为流动相,流速为1 mL/min.【结果】盐酸水苏碱质量浓度在0.498 75～9.997 5μg范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 97),精密度、稳定性、重复性良好,平均加样回收率为109.89%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.03%.5批益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱的含量为5.09～5.11 mg/g.【结论】采用HPLC-DAD法测定盐酸水苏碱含量操作简便、结果准确,可作为益母草颗粒中盐酸水苏碱的含量测定方法.     

"病毒克"颗粒剂对NDV在鸡胚成纤维细胞中增殖的影响

为评价中药“病毒克”颗粒剂体外抗新城疫病毒(NDV)的活性,采用细胞培养技术,通过细胞病变抑制法和MTT比色法检测“病毒克”颗粒剂在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中对新城疫病毒增殖的影响。结果表明“病毒克”颗粒剂对CEF的半数中毒质量浓度(TC50)为61.35 mg/mL,抗NDV的半数有效质量浓度(EC50)为3.2 mg/mL,治疗指数(TI)为19.2,“病毒克”颗粒剂对新城疫病毒具有直接灭活作用和阻断其感染CEF的作用,并存在明显的量效关系(P<0.01);在感染后9 h内以14 mg/mL剂量给予“病毒克”颗粒剂,对新城疫病毒复制的抑制率为42.8%~76.5%。说明“病毒克”颗粒剂对新城疫病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的增殖具有明显的抑制作用。     

土壤中的铁及植物铁胁迫研究进展

铁是植物必需的微量元素，在植物的生命活动中起着重要的作用。文章从铁的性质、植物对铁的吸收和运输、植物对铁胁迫的反应以及与植物铁营养有关的基因的最新研究进展等方面进行了概述。并由此提出该领域今后的研究重点。     

稻草覆盖措施对红壤氮素矿化的影响

采用室内模拟覆盖和好气培养的方式,测定不同培养时间土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的含量,研究不同土壤条件下稻草覆盖对红壤氮素矿化的影响.在不同水分和不同施氮条件下,20和30℃时稻草覆盖均使土壤中氮素净矿化量减少;40℃时短期覆盖使土壤中氮素净矿化量低于不覆盖,长期覆盖后土壤中氮素净矿化量大于不覆盖.随着温度的升高,覆盖处理氮素...     

上海典型植物群落土壤有机碳矿化特征

选择上海市5种典型植物群落采样并布置室内恒温培养试验,观测了土壤有机碳矿化量大小及动态变化过程,并比较了不同植物群落土壤有机碳矿化特征差异。结果表明,不同群落间土壤有机碳、微生物量碳质量分数差异显著,但均高于草坪;而同一群落内土壤有机碳、微生物量碳则随土层深度的增加而逐渐下降;培养期间,土壤有机碳矿化量高低顺序为桂花Osmanthus fragrans＞草坪（黑麦草Lolium perenne）＞樟树Cinnamomum camphora＞池杉Taxodium ascendens＞竹林（孝顺竹Bambusa multiplex）,不同植物群落间差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）;同一群落土壤有机碳矿化量随土层的加深而递减,但不同群落间递减幅度存在差异,其中降幅最大为池杉,降幅最小分别为桂花（20 ～ 40 cm）和竹林（40 ～ 60 cm）;培养期间,各植物群落土壤有机碳矿化动态变化过程趋势相同,均表现为培养前期快速下降,培养后期保持相对稳定的趋势,与培养时间之间符合对数关系,而有机碳累计矿化量与培养时间则符合显著的线性关系,各群落高低顺序为桂花＞草坪＞樟树＞池杉＞竹林。研究结果初步表明,相对于草坪,深根系植物能有效提高土壤有机碳和微生物量碳,提高土壤有机碳库质量分数。图3表4参20     

海绵校园建设中不同绿地类型雨水蓄滞能力研究

为应对校园内每逢下雨便会产生的积水问题,以宝鸡文理学院东校区为例,用称重法测定不同植被条件下0～30 cm平均土壤含水率的变化,并分析不同绿地类型的分布特征,用SPSS 20.0等相关软件对测量数据进行统计分析。结果表明,平均土壤含水率表层(0～10 cm)亚表层(10～20 cm)20～30 cm土层;乔木林地雨后平均土壤含水率表现为银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)雪松[Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don]樱花树(Cerasus yedoensis)龙爪槐(Sophora japonica)柿子树(Diospyro skaki Thunb)红叶李(Prunus cerasifera);灌草地雨后平均土壤含水率表现为红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri Dress)复层植被草坪金竹(Phyllostachys sulphurea)大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus Thunb)。疏林较密林更容易吸收降水量,乔木林地较灌草地含有高水分值,而草地较稠密灌木林地来说更易减少降水的流失。