不同耐药水平大肠杆菌acrA和marA基因转录水平的比较

为阐明大肠杆菌耐药菌株药物敏感性变化与acrA和marA的mRNA水平之间的关系。用定量RT—PCR方法比较了多重耐药菌株、单药耐药菌株以及质控株ATCC25922的actA和marA的mRNA水平。结果。actA mRNA水平。多重耐药菌株SEMR是单药耐药菌株SEICI、SEICH和质控株ATCC25922的16倍；／natA mRNA水平。SEMR是SEICH的4倍、SEICI和ATCC25922的8倍；SEICI和SEICH的actA mRNA、marA mRNA水平与ATCC25922的无明显差异；同一菌株actA mRNA和marA mRNA水平的变化保持了较为稳定的一致性。结论：大肠杆菌多重耐药菌株的actA mRNA和marA mRNA水平与其耐药水平存在相关性。     

大肠杆菌耐药株的体外诱导及其acrA和marA基因分析

为检测大肠杆菌在某抗菌素的环境压力下耐药性的变化及其与acrA和marA基因突变的关系.分别用四环素、氯霉素和环丙沙星对大肠杆菌质控株ATCC25922进行体外诱导培养,测定诱导前后多种抗菌药的MIC的变化;对各菌株的acrA和marA基因进行克隆和测定.四环素诱导株产生重耐药,氯霉素和环丙沙星的诱导引起单药耐药;四环素诱导株、氯霉素诱导株和环丙沙星诱导株的acrA和marA基因序列均与ATCC25922的一致.四环素、氯霉素和环丙沙星的诱导培养并未引起ATCC25922的acrA和marA基因突变,诱导引起的大肠杆菌耐药性变化是由于其acrA和marA基因突变以外的其他原因所致.     

大肠杆菌acrA基因的克隆、表达、抗体制备及不同耐药水平大肠杆菌AcrA表达水平的检测

检测不同耐药水平大肠杆菌AcrA表达水平，探讨耐药水平与AcrA蛋白表达水平之间的关系。对acrA基因进行克隆、表达、制备抗AcrA抗体，Western blot方法比较同耐药水平大肠杆菌AcrA表达水平。结果表明，多重耐药株SEMR的AcrA表达明显高于单药耐药株SEICI和SEICH以及质控株ATCC25922。因此SEMR多重耐药性的产生与AcrA的高效表达直接有关。     

加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌acrA mRNA表达水平的影响

为了解加减三黄汤对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,采用实时荧光定量方法检测了外输泵acrA mRNA表达水平的变化。将100只昆明系小鼠分为阳性组(感染耐药性大肠杆菌2 751株和2 952株),阴性组,攻毒治疗组(2 751株+加减三黄汤,2 952株+加减三黄汤),8d后将鼠随机剖杀,取肝组织抹片培养大肠杆菌,做药敏试验,同时提取质粒,检测大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达量。结果显示,经加减三黄汤在体治疗后的大肠杆菌耐药性下降了,每μL中mRNA拷贝数为2 751株最高达1016,2 952株1015;用药后各菌株均有下降;相差极显著(P≤0.01),耐药性越大的拷贝数越多。表明加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达水平影响与耐药性有一定的相关性。     

黄芩苷对耐药大肠杆菌marA基因mRNA表达水平的影响

为探究黄芩苷对耐药大肠杆菌主动外排调控基因marA的mRNA表达水平的影响,利用微量肉汤稀释法确定黄芩苷增敏环丙沙星的最佳浓度,然后对8株耐药菌株采取不加任何药物、单独加32mg/L黄芩苷或4 mg/L环丙沙星、32mg/L黄芩苷和4mg/L环丙沙星联合及16mg/L CCCP和4mg/L环丙沙星联合等5种方式培养,抽提总RNA并反转录成cDNA,荧光定量PCR测定主动外排调控基因marA及管家基因gapA的Ct值,并计算不同培养条件下各个耐药大肠杆菌marA基因mRNA相对表达量。结果显示,标准曲线循环阈值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R~2=1.00,溶解曲线特异,marA基因产物Tm值为81.8~82.1℃;黄芩苷与环丙沙星联合培养的耐药菌外排泵基因marA表达量与环丙沙星单独培养相比明显下降,前者0.71~2.06,后者2.27~7.28;以上结果表明黄芩苷可以通过抑制外排泵调控基因marA发挥作用,提示其也许可作为大肠杆菌的外排泵抑制剂应用于临床。     

大肠杆菌耐药菌的体外诱导及主动外排基因acrA表达量的变化

为探讨大肠杆菌的体外诱导及主动外排基因acrA表达量的变化,首先对选定大肠杆菌进行耐药性培养,得到各大肠杆菌的0,5,10,15,20,25及30代菌,测定MIC的变化,结果表明不同菌株的不同代数的主动外排基因acrA表达量均有变化.随着耐药性增加,大肠杆菌的主动外排基因acrA表达量也有所增加.以上结果表明大肠杆菌的...     

体外诱导和临床分离多重耐药大肠杆菌acrA和acrB基因无突变

临床分离的动物源性大肠杆菌的多重耐药株不断增多,多重耐药常与大肠杆菌外输泵有关,acrAB是最主要的外输泵.     

中药提取物对耐药大肠杆菌MIC及acrA基因表达量的影响

通过亚抑菌浓度中药提取物处理大肠杆菌耐药菌,利用荧光定量PCR技术检测其外排泵基因acrA表达量的变化及试管二倍稀释法测定乳酸环丙沙星对处理前后细菌MIC的变化。结果显示,经亚抑菌浓度中药提取物处理后的耐药大肠杆菌其acrA基因表达量存在显著变化。其中经中药A,I,S,X处理过的大肠杆菌外排泵基因表达量分别降低到原来的0.20,0.16,0.05和0.24倍,表明亚抑菌浓度中药提取物对大肠杆菌耐药菌的外排泵基因表达量有明显的抑制作用,提示在中药提取物中寻找大肠杆菌耐药外排泵抑制剂有一定前景。     

大肠杆菌acrA基因的重组表达及其抗体的制备

以大肠杆菌E．coli ATCC25922株的染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增AcrA蛋白部分基因,获得约691bp的DNA片段。将PCR产物克隆至pMD18-T载体中测序,并进一步将acrA亚克隆于pET28a原核表达载体中,进行该基因的诱导表达。表达的产物经SDS-聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳分析,可见一条约33ku的特异性蛋白条带。用纯化的acrA基因原核表达产物免疫獭兔,ELISA法检测不同时期獭兔抗体效价。蛋白质印迹结果表明,用表达的AcrA蛋白制备的acrA抗体能够用于检测大肠杆菌AcrA蛋白的表达水平。     

RT-PCR检测鹿源致病性大肠杆菌耐药基因blaAmpC的mRNA水平

应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR对临床分离的10株鹿源大肠杆菌耐药株的blaAmpC基因进行了mRNA水平的定量测定,分析其mRNA转录水平与耐药强度的相关性。结果发现,对β-内酰胺类药物耐药水平高的菌株,其mRNA的表达水平亦高,表明大肠杆菌耐药株blaAmpC基因的mRNA表达水平与其耐药性有高度相关性。     

福氏志贺菌外输调节蛋白基因marA的原核表达载体构建及其鉴定

目的构建志贺菌外输调节蛋白基因marA的原核表达载体并对其表达的蛋白进行鉴定。方法采用PCR从志贺菌基因组DNA中扩增得到志贺菌外输调节蛋白基因marA,并将其定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a,构建原核表达重组质粒pET-30a-marA,重组子经限制性内切酶分析、PCR及测序鉴定后,转化宿主菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳、免疫印迹分析鉴定。结果经鉴定证实原核表达载体pET-30a-marA构建成功,且在大肠杆菌BL21中获得了MarA与His的融合表达,且表达蛋白产物的分子质量大小与预期值一致,并可被特异性抗体所识别。结论MarA在大肠杆菌中获得了高效的表达,为进一步研究其免疫学特性和功能奠定了基础。     

黄芩苷和沉默基因acrA、marA和acrD对耐药大肠埃希菌环丙沙星敏感性的影响

为探讨反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)沉默acrA、marA和acrD基因前后,黄芩苷对临床耐药大肠埃希菌(E.coli)环丙沙星敏感性的影响,设计并合成3个基因的ASODN引物,设置空白对照组、黄芩苷组、ASODN沉默组、ASODN沉默+黄芩苷组,分别转染到临床耐药菌感受态细胞中,涂布于一定浓度环丙沙星平板上,培养观察菌落生长情况并计数。结果发现,相对于空白对照组,黄芩苷组菌落数显著降低;acrA、acrD和marA基因沉默组与空白对照组相比,除了acrD基因沉默1号菌株和marA基因沉默的Y17菌株外,其余菌株在环丙沙星平板上的菌落数也出现不同程度地下降,具有显著性差异;acrA、acrD和marA基因沉默+黄芩苷组与黄芩苷组相比,多数菌株在环丙沙星平板上的菌落数均出现不同程度地下降;acrA基因沉默+黄芩苷组与acrA基因沉默组相比,4株菌株变化差异不显著,Y17号菌株菌落数有所上升,J45号菌株在该基因沉默后,环丙沙星平板上的菌落数出现下降的趋势,差异显著;acrD基因沉默+黄芩苷组与acrD基因沉默组相比,除了1号菌株变化差异不显著外,其余5株菌株变化差异显著,但Y17号菌株菌落数上升;marA基因沉默+黄芩苷组与marA基因沉默组相比,除了Y17、Y35这2株菌株变化差异显著外,其余4株菌株变化差异不显著。以上结果表明,黄芩苷主要通过抑制acrA和marA发挥外排抑制作用,acrD不是其增强环丙沙星敏感性的主要靶点。     

Antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene determinants in clinical Escherichia coli from different animal species in Switzerland

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 581 clinical Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, from acute mastitis in dairy cattle, from urinary tract infections in dogs and cats, and from septicemia in laying hens collected in Switzerland between 1999 and 2001. Among the 16 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Isolates from swine presented significantly more resistance than those from the other animal species. The distribution of the resistance determinants for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin was assessed by hybridization and PCR in resistant isolates. Significant differences in the distribution of resistance determinants for tetracycline (tetA, tetB) and sulfonamides (sulII) were observed between the isolates from swine and those from the other species. Resistance to sulfonamides could not be explained by known resistance mechanisms in more than a quarter of the sulfonamide-resistant and sulfonamide-intermediate isolates from swine, dogs and cats. This finding suggests that one or several new resistance mechanisms for sulfonamides may be widespread among E. coli isolates from these animal species. The integrase gene (intI) from class I integrons was detected in a large proportion of resistant isolates in association with the sulI and aadA genes, thus demonstrating the importance of integrons in the epidemiology of resistance in clinical E. coli isolates from animals.     

Serum resistance and the traT gene in bovine mastitis-causing Escherichia coli

Ninety-five Escherichia coli isolates from bovine mastitis, 47 isolates from milking machine filters, 36 enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and 43 verocytotoxigenic (VTEC) isolates from cows were examined for the ability to resist the bactericidal effects of 90% gnotobiotic calf serum. There was no significant difference in the percentage of isolates in each group which demonstrated resistance. Two potential virulence traits, the traT gene and the K1 capsular antigen, previously shown to be related to serum resistance, in human E. coli pathogens, were also examined. Using colony blot hybridization there was no significant difference in the percentage of isolates in each group carrying the traT gene. A significant relationship between the presence of the traT gene and serum resistance was not found in any of the four groups of E. coli isolates tested. Only 3.2% of the bovine mastitis, 2.1% of the milk filter and 4.6% of the VTEC isolates were positive for the K1 capsular antigen. Again, no correlation between either the K1 antigen and serum resistance or between the K1 antigen and the presence of the traT gene was found in any of the four groups. None of the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates were the same as those demonstrated by R plasmids known to carry the traT gene. Thus, it appears that the traT gene may not be related to serum resistance in bovine E. coli isolates.