非寄主植物提取物对橘小实蝇的产卵拒避作用

选取4种非寄主植物柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora、樟树Cinnamomum camphora、白千层Melaleuca leucadendron、夹竹桃Nerium indicum,初步研究了这4种植物叶子提取物对橘小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis的产卵拒避作用。以无水乙醇作溶剂,供试4种植物中的白千层提取物对橘小实蝇具有较强的产卵拒避作用。检测了橘小实蝇对4种植物的乙醇提取物的触角电位值,发现各生物测定值与雌虫触角电位值呈显著相关性,表明其中的挥发性组分是橘小实蝇对植物提取物产生拒避反应的重要原因之一。用无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚、二氯甲烷作溶剂,分别提取白千层叶,仅乙醇提取物有显著拒避作用;用这4种溶剂分别提取樟树叶,则无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚作溶剂的提取物都有较好效果。     

凯里市橘小实蝇综合治理技术

2009年对鸭塘镇柑橘园和州委大院柑橘园橘小实蝇进行监测及综合治理技术探讨。结果表明,凯里地区橘小实蝇成虫一年中有3次消长峰期。第一个峰期出现在5月中下旬,为全年主峰期,第二峰出现在7月中下旬,第三峰出现在9月下旬至10月上旬。比较了0.02%多杀霉素诱杀液和糖醋酒药诱杀液对柑橘园橘小实蝇的诱杀效果,经统计学处理结果表明,两种诱杀液对橘小实蝇的诱杀效果没有显著差异,诱杀效果分别为89.76%和77.83%,基本可将蛆果率控制在1.5%以下。     

浙江省橘小实蝇发生动态调查

气候变暖导致橘小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]分布发生变化。杭州2006年首次发现橘小实蝇为害并发布橘小实蝇疫情。本文报道了浙北杭州2007-2009年橘小实蝇发生动态。     

橘小实蝇在上海局部暴发成因分析

橘小实蝇是近年来传入上海并局部暴发危害的检疫性有害生物。本文根据上海地区实蝇监测及现场调查的结果,从入侵生物的一般特点着手分析橘小实蝇传入上海并暴发的成因。结果表明:橘小实蝇通过水果贸易传入到上海,废弃水果的无效管理是造成橘小实蝇疫情传入的重要原因;上海自然气候适合橘小实蝇的生存与繁殖,桃、梨、李等大量的寄主植物为其生存和种群扩张提供了充足的食物源。     

球孢白僵菌对橘小实蝇实验种群的影响

研究了球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)B6菌株对橘小实蝇成虫(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)的影响。结果表明,在杨桃、番石榴与香蕉3种水果上喷施球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液,橘小实蝇雌成虫平均产卵量分别为(188.3±11.4)粒、(156.7±13.1)粒、(165.3±9.1)粒,与对照差异不显著;孵化的老熟幼虫数量分别(156.3±11.5)头、(130.3±8.3)头、(147.7±10.6)头,与对照差异也不显著;成虫存活率分别为51.1%、52.2%、62.3%,与对照差异极显著。干扰作用控制指数IIPC为0.554 2、0.573 0、0.667 7,对橘小实蝇成虫控制效果明显。     

辛酸乙酯对橘小实蝇产卵的驱避作用

为进一步明确驱避橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis产卵的挥发物成分,于室内测试橘小实蝇对被产卵不同时间的番石榴果实的产卵偏好,利用气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）联用技术、气相色谱-触角电位（gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection,GC-EAD）联用技术和生物测试等方法鉴定被产卵不用时间的番石榴果实中可驱避橘小实蝇产卵的挥发物。结果表明,被产卵48 h后的番石榴果实可显著驱避橘小实蝇产卵,橘小实蝇在未被产卵和被产卵番石榴果实中的产卵量分别为238.9粒和90.7粒。被产卵48 h后的番石榴果实中产生了辛酸乙酯,该物质可引起橘小实蝇雌成虫触角发生电生理反应。0.25、0.5、1和2μL/mL的辛酸乙酯均可驱避橘小实蝇雌成虫,驱避率分别为28%、48%、48%和28%。含有辛酸乙酯浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1和2μL/g的番石榴果泥可显著驱避橘小实蝇产卵,果泥中被产卵量分别为105.7、125.5、100.8和157.9粒,显著低于对照。番石榴果...     

橘小实蝇分子系统发育研究进展

橘小实蝇[Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)]是一种世界危险性检疫害虫,寄主范围广,能为害250多种瓜果蔬菜,给果蔬业带来严重的经济损失。本文综述了同工酶电泳、RFLP、核酸序列分析、微卫星分析及基因芯片技术等分子生物学技术在橘小实蝇分子系统发育方面的研究进展,并探讨了橘小实蝇分子系统发育研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

橘小实蝇为害柑橘橘果空间分布型研究

应用聚集指标、平均拥挤度(M.)与平均数(X-)的自回归和Taylor幂法则对橘小实蝇幼虫为害柑橘橘果空间分布型进行研究。结果表明,橘小实蝇幼虫为害柑橘橘果的空间分布为聚集分布,幼虫为害柑橘橘果个体间相互排斥;聚集原因除自身群体特性外,还受环境如温度、湿度、光照及植株生育状况等因素影响。     

橘小实蝇传入泉州的危险性分析与评价

运用国际植物检疫措施实施标准的有害生物风险分析程序,对橘小实蝇在福建泉州的分布状况、潜在危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、定殖传播扩散的可能性和危害性管理难度等方面进行定性分析和多指标综合评估。综合评判橘小实蝇对泉州的危险值R为2.32,属高风险有害生物。据此提出了相应的风险管理措施。     

橘小实蝇对沙田柚果实危害的测定

橘小实蝇[Bactrocera（Bactrocera）dorsalis（Hendel）]对沙田柚的为害,主要表现在成虫产卵造成果皮的损伤,幼虫在产卵腔取食和在果皮海绵组织中扩散污染.试验观察发现幼虫全部在卵腔和海绵组织中死亡,未发现有幼虫为害果肉.     

桔小实蝇幼虫龄期鉴别初步研究

为明确桔小实蝇幼虫龄期的鉴别依据和划分标准。本研究将桔小实蝇幼虫置于25±1℃、60%~70%RH条件下饲养,幼虫发育历期约为6~8 d,观察各龄幼虫的前气门、后气门、头咽骨和口钩等形态特征,并对桔小实蝇幼虫口钩长、口钩宽、体长和体宽4个形态指标进行测量。桔小实蝇幼虫分为3个龄期,各龄幼虫在形态特征上存在明显差异,口钩长度和宽度在龄期之间存在显著差异,1、2、3龄幼虫口钩平均长度分别为0.0846±0.0005 mm、0.1512±0.0013 mm、0.2913±0.0015 mm,口钩平均宽度分别为0.0116±0.0003 mm、0.0308±0.0007 mm、0.0677±0.0013 mm,皆明显分为3个范围且互不重叠,口钩长和口钩宽与龄数之间符合指数回归模型,口钩长符合y=0.045e~(0.6182x),口钩宽符合y=0.005e~(0.8816x)。因此口钩可作为幼虫龄期鉴别和划分的重要形态特征,幼虫体长、体宽因重叠严重、变异性大,不适合作为龄期划分的标准。     

沙田柚低温杀虫处理试验研究

对人工感染桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)的沙田柚开展低温除害处理研究.研究结果表明,在1.7℃±0.06℃和1.8℃±0.33℃的低温条件下,连续处理14天,可将感染在果实中71184头和46341头的桔小实蝇幼虫全部杀死;在0.96℃±0.25℃的低温条件下,连续处理13天,可将感染在果实中58866头桔小实蝇幼虫全部杀死.果实损伤测定试验结果表明,在1～2℃下连续贮藏14天,沙田柚果实无损害.     

Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel extracts and azadirachtin as oviposition deterrents against the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis)

Neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed kernel (NSK) extracts,viz., NSK aqueous suspension (NSKS), ethanolic extract of NSK (EtOH. NSK), hexane extract of NSK (neem oil), ethanolic extract of the hexane extract (EtOH. oil) and acetone extract of deoiled NSK powder (Acet. DNSKP) at 1.25-20% concentrations, and pure azadirachtin at 1.25-10 ppm, were evaluated as oviposition deterrents toBactrocera cucurbitae (Coq.) andB. dorsalis Hendel. NSKS at ≥5% under choice test conditions, and at all concentrations (≥1.25%) in no-choice tests significantly deterred oviposition in both species. Similarly, EtOH. NSK was significantly active at all the concentrations tested for both species in choice and no-choice tests. However, with neem oil and EtOH. oil sensitivities of the two species differed considerably. Both extracts deterred oviposition byB. cucurbitae at all the concentrations tested under both choice and no-choice test conditions. On the other hand, withB. dorsalis, neem oil was significantly deterrent only at 20% in both test regimes and at 5% and 20% for EtOH. oil under choice and no-choice test conditions, respectively. Acet. DNSKP significantly deterred oviposition by both species at all concentrations tested. Azadirachtin failed to deter oviposition in either species.     

Insecticide resistance of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in mainland China

BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the extent of resistance of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), which is a widespread pest throughout tropical, subtropical and temperate fruit crops, 25 populations of this insect were collected from 13 sites in mainland China in 2007 and 2008. In addition, resistant strains were established that showed increasing development of resistance. RESULTS: Compared with the susceptible strain, one population of B. dorsalis expressed high resistance (RR = 70.4‐fold), 16 populations expressed medium resistance (11.5‐fold < RR < 25.8‐fold) and eight populations had low resistance or remained susceptible (1.4‐fold < RR < 8.9‐fold) to trichlorphon. As regards β‐cypermethrin, one population showed high resistance (RR = 44.0‐fold), nine populations expressed medium resistance (12.2‐fold < RR < 28.4‐fold), 14 populations expressed low or minor resistance (3.0‐fold < RR < 9.7‐fold) and one population remained susceptible (RR = 1.1‐fold). As regards avermectin, five populations had developed high resistance (44.3‐fold < RR < 104‐fold), seven populations expressed medium resistance (11.4‐fold < RR < 38.6‐fold) and three populations expressed low or minor resistance (3.5‐fold < RR < 5.6‐fold). A continuous resistance selection in the laboratory strain showed that the resistance ratios to trichlorphon, β‐cypermethrin and avermectin were 71.6‐fold, 333‐fold and 70.4‐fold respectively. CONCLUSION: The data provided a comprehensive survey of insecticide resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis in mainland China. All results suggested that early resistance management programmes should be established for restoring the efficacy of pesticide‐based control measures. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry