柞树的历史文化价值及多元化利用

柞树是我国第一大天然林树种,也是我国生态系统的建群树种,但长期以来不为人们所重视,导致柞树资源利用率不高。本文依据柞树化石及古代遗存等,阐述柞树是我国古代重要的森林植被及先民重要的食物来源,在推动人类社会文明进步中发挥了重要作用;结合柞树多元化利用价值和文化价值等论述了柞树种植和培育对生态文明建设及经济社会发展方面的重要意义,旨在提高全社会对柞树价值的重新认识和高度重视,促进我国柞树资源的创新利用,发挥柞树在经济社会发展中的作用。     

关于柞树在植物分类阶元“科”、“种”、“属”的几个问题考证

关于栎属(Quercus)植物柞树在植物分类阶元"科"的中文名称,有的文献称之为山毛榉科(Fagaceae),有的称之为壳斗科(Fagaceae);"科"所辖"属"的种类以及栎属的分组、柞树树种的中文名称也不尽相同。对上述分类阶元名称及栎属分组的考证结果认为:柞树在植物分类阶元"科"上的中文名称宜统称为壳斗科,柞树的"种"名应统一称为"栎";壳斗科在中国分布有7个属;青冈类植物应归为栎属的一个亚属———青冈亚属。     

辽东山区柞园柞树生物量及形态特征的研究

对辽东山区柞园麻栎、辽东栎、蒙古栎和波罗栎4种柞树不同枝龄地上部分生物量及部分形态指标进行测定。结果表明:同枝龄柞树以麻栎的供叶能力最大,辽东栎、波罗栎居中,蒙古栎最差;各柞树树枝、叶生物量都随着枝龄的增长而增加,增加幅度又因树种和环境条件而有所区别;轮伐周期内,柞树株高、地径、叶面积指数、冠幅与枝龄呈正相关,随枝龄增加而增大;5—6a枝龄冠幅增长趋于平缓,当年枝长与枝龄呈负相关,即随枝龄增长而减少,各柞树种间有一定差异。     

饲养柞蚕的主要树种与柞园营建

柞园又称柞蚕场或柞坡,柞园建设是发展柞蚕生产的基础和前提,柞园建设影响柞蚕营养条件及山区生态环境。柞树不仪是柞蚕的饲料树种,也是我幽重要的植被资源、绿化树种,同时还是…区水土保持的优良树种。     

黑龙江省柞树种类形态及应用价值

黑龙江省柞树种类可分为辽东栎、蒙古栎和波罗栎三种.辽东栎和波罗栎资源很少,多于蒙古栎混生,很少见到连成一片的辽东栎和波罗栎资源.现就三种树种的主要形态特征及应用价值作个介绍:     

柞树的结实与分类

<正>柞树属山毛榉科(壳斗科Fagaceae),麻栎属(Quercus),其名在我国并不普遍,仅局限于陇海路以北地区.长江上游及以南地区,称柞树为青杠、橡树、槲树;长江中下游及以南地区称柞树为栎树,这些名字共同的涵义都不是指一个树种,更不是一个品种,而是指在该地区所有的本属植物.但果实的名字各地都称橡实,种子称橡子,壳斗     

柞树瘿蜂科害虫种类及发生特点的调查

柞树瘿蜂科害虫寄生在柞树枝、芽、叶、根上,寄生在枝芽上形成虫瘿,造成柞树不能正常发芽,寄生于根部形成虫瘿则会影响柞树吸收土壤营养。查明辽宁、吉林、山东柞蚕区柞树瘿蜂科害虫有10种,明确了其种类分布区域及为害特点。     

辽宁省饲养柞蚕的树种调查

<正> 在进行蚕业资源调查过程中,对辽宁省饲养柞蚕的主要树种及分布作了初步的调查。现将14种柞树及两种蒿柳的识别特征、生态分布及养蚕价值等,简要介绍如下,为挖掘资源潜力,充分利用柞树养蚕等,提供依据;并供有关单位研究参考。 麻栎(Quercus acutissma Carr.)又称尖柞、尖枣子、尖叶柞(图1)。     

低温时数对柞树解除休眠的影响

以蒙古柞、尖柞和槲柞树品种为材料,对解除柞树休眠所需的低温时数进行了试验研究。结果发现:解除柞树休眠与需冷量有关,低温时数对不同柞树品种的影响不同;柞树接触低温时间过长,其发芽开叶所需时间相对增长;柞树休眠后接触4~5℃低温时数达360h,蒙古柞、槲柞和尖柞树可有效提早解除休眠。     

中刈柞的几种修剪方法

柞场内的柞树修剪形式与柞树生长发育、柞叶产量、叶质优劣、调节气候、防治病虫害、放养管理、人力节省等都有密切的关系。根据蚕儿生活阶段的气候环境及蚕儿生理需要来修剪柞树,是促使蚕儿发育健壮,柞树生长旺盛、保证柞茧丰收的主要关键之一。柞树的剪定形式在山东有中刈柞和根刈柞两种,     

山西省栎属树种的特征与地理分布

山西栎属树木共有17种,可归纳成为4种类型,即麻栎类、槲类、枹栎类和其他类。简述这几类品种的主要特征,调查其在山西的主要产地,介绍这些树种在全国其它省份的地理分布。     

生态型蚕场轮伐枝干栽培滑子蘑的研究与开发

利用生态型蚕场轮伐下来的柞树枝干栽培滑子蘑比工业木屑栽培滑子蘑定植率高9.4%,生长速率高13.6%,产量高17.8%。同时提高了柞树枝干的利用价值,为蚕民增加养蚕总效益提供了一项新技术。     

柞树单宁的提取及柞树品种间单宁含量的比较

本试验以辽东栎绿叶样品为材料,采用有机溶剂萃取法及分光光度法探讨了柞树单宁提取工艺,并对5种不同柞树品种的绿叶、落叶及枝条中单宁含量进行了比较。结果表明,选用80%乙醇（含1%盐酸）作提取剂,在料液比1∶15、提取时间2.5h、提取温度75℃条件下,单宁的提取量可达206.74mg/g;麻栎的单宁含量较高,绿叶期可达222.02mg/g,落叶期可达177.30mg/g,枝条单宁含量可达67.92mg/g,辽东栎、蒙古栎、锐齿槲栎及槲各有不同。     

Radicle pruning by seed-eating animals helps oak seedlings absorb more soil nutrient

Although radicle pruning has well been observed in plant–animal interactions, research has not been conducted to determine how radicle pruning by seed-eating animals regulates nutrition mobilization of cotyledonary reserves and absorption of soil nutrients. We used stable nitrogen isotopes to test how acorns of early-germinating oak species (Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, and Q. mogolica) trade off nutrients in the cotyledons and those in the soil in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating rodents. Radicle pruning by rodents resulted in root branching in the 3 early-germinating oak species. Moreover, radicle pruning increased shoot dry weight and substantially reduced the root-to-shoot ratio of oak species. Corresponding to the decreased dry weight of roots and root-to-shoot ratio, the dry weight of the remnant cotyledons was higher after radicle pruning in the 3 oak species. We provided first evidence that radicle pruning by seed-eating animals improved seedling performance of early-germinating oaks by increasing absorption of nutrients from soil. The results indicate that early-germinating oak seedlings trade off nutrition budget by altering nutrient absorption from soil and reserve mobilization from cotyledons in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals. Our study provided new insight into the nutrition allocation mechanism of young seedlings in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals, reflecting a mutualistic interaction between early-germinating oak and food-hoarding animals.     

QRS栎属树叶脱毒剂脱毒效果及推广应用试验报告

本试验表明，该脱毒剂对耕牛无毒副作用。脱毒效果确实可靠，且价格低廉，具有重大的推广应用价值及良好的经济效益和神经效益，该脱毒剂的研制成功，为山区栎叶资源的充分利用开辟了新途径，对促进畜牧业的发展有着重要意义。     

柞蚕微孢子虫单克隆抗体的研制及诊断

研究报告了柞蚕微孢子虫Nosemaantheraeae(简称N .a)单克隆抗体制备及免疫胶体金银染色法 (IGSS)诊断的结果。用抗N .a的单抗结合间接免疫胶体金银染色法 (IGSS)对 6种微孢子虫进行检测 ,在光学显微镜下柞蚕微孢子呈现特异的褐色 ,能与包括家蚕微孢子虫在内的其它 5种微孢子虫加以区别。     

Effects of human disturbance on nest placement of the woodpigeon (Columba palumbus): a case study from the Middle Atlas,Morocco

The woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) is a common and widespread bird in Morocco (North Africa). I examined, over 2 years (2010 and 2011), the breeding density and nest placement of this game species in relation to nest site habitat and degree of human disturbance. The study area was in the Middle Atlas Tighboula mountain forest, Morocco, in a disturbed and an undisturbed site. Using data collected in the 2 study sites, I aimed to identify the factors influencing the placement of nests within holm oak trees (Quercus rotundifolia) and their densities. I found that habitat structures, influenced by grazing disturbance, have affected nesting density and the location of nests of this species. Woodpigeons place their nests in a higher position (3.42 ± 0.19 m) when disturbance intensity is high and lower (1.68 ± 0.1 m) when disturbance intensity is low, and show higher nesting density in less disturbed zone (3.1 ± 0.4 nests/ha) than in highly disturbed zones (1.4 ± 0.2 nests/ha). Grazing disturbance could pose a threat to population persistence at a broader scale and could potentially reduce the abundance of this species by altering the composition and the structure of the forest nesting habitat. Further multi‐scale studies are needed to assess the effects of different levels of grazing disturbance on woodpigeon nest density and placement, and to enhance our knowledge of the breeding behavior of this game species under variable environments.     

Prescribed Fire Effects on Deciduous Oak Woodland Stand Structure,Northern Diablo Range,California

Despite the increasing use of fire in managing oak woodlands, little information exists on quantitative changes to stand structure from prescribed burning. Fire damage and recovery in a mixed deciduous oak woodland were recorded after a prescribed fire on the northern Diablo Range, Santa Clara County, California. Blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.), valley oak (Q. lobata Nee), and black oak (Q. kelloggii Newb.) trees were monitored for 4 yr to determine the effects of a late spring burn on stand structural characteristics. Fire-caused mortality was low; 4 yr after the low intensity ground fire only four oaks died (1.9%). There were significant differences in mean percent tree crown scorch and mean trunk char height between plots that burned under different fire intensities, but not between tree size classes. Although overall tree damage was low, crown resprouts developed on 80% of the trees and were found as shortly as 2 wk after the fire. Recovery was vigorous; both valley oaks and blue oaks produced crown resprouts on trees with 100% crown scorch. Classification tree analysis identified aspect (mostly southern exposures) and tree size related to the presence of crown resprouting. Crown damage was also an important factor; trees with greater than 40% of their crown scorched resprouted. Fire-induced trunk scars occurred on a small number of trees (9.1%) but was disproportionately higher for black oak compared to blue and valley oak. Stand structural characteristics (species composition, tree density, basal area, and crown closure) were not substantially altered by the event but rather maintained. Prescribed fire might be a viable tool in reducing fuels and maintaining oak woodlands; however, further investigations that include relationships of regeneration with repeated fire are needed.     

菌根化柞树叶片的化学成分分析测定及养蚕效果试验

对菌根化柞树叶片的化学成分检测和养蚕效果进行试验,表明菌根真菌与柞树根系共生,可提高柞树根系持水能力、促进柞树对磷元素的吸收及加强对淀粉等营养物质的积累,进而提高养蚕成绩,进而为防止柞树树势衰退、提高柞树补植成活率、增加柞树产叶量、建设生态型柞蚕场提供依据。