Thallium toxicosis in a Pit Bull Terrier.

Thallotoxicosis is described in an adult Pit Bull Terrier. The dog exhibited anorexia, emesis, weakness, conscious proprioceptive deficits, and a hemorrhagic diarrhea before death. A severe, acute necrotizing enterocolitis was evident upon histological examination, as was a multifocal to coalescing pulmonary edema. Liver and kidney thallium concentrations were 18 and 26 ppm, respectively. The source of the thallium was determined to be thallium sulfate obtained by a person with the intent to harm family members. Although thallium has not been produced in the United States for 20 years, this report demonstrates the need to consider thallium toxicosis as a differential diagnosis for animals presenting with vague and mixed gastrointestinal and neurological signs.     

Thallium intoxication in a dog

A fatal case of thallium poisoning was described in a dog. Clinical signs included vomiting, gastroenteritis, and dermal lesions. Chemical analysis of urine, liver, and kidney from the dog revealed 98, 7, and 34 ppm thallium, respectively, on a wet-weight basis.     

Chronic thallium intoxication in five German pointers of one litter

The difficulty of diagnosis and therapy of chronic thallium intoxication is described in five German Pointers with the same skin disease. The detection of thallium in cases of skin lesions like the cutaneous erythema with oedema and crusts or in chronic cases with multifocal alopecia is difficult. The first diagnostic information was gathered in this case from the high thallium level in the urine. The thallium concentration in the hair is subject to great variations, even in physiologic conditions. The trichogramme showed in this case pathognomonic changes like adhesion of the hair follicles. Differential diagnosis for this symmetric alopezia without pruritus are hormonal disturbances or, in puppies, the generalized form of demodicosis. The five affected dogs were treated with Fe III-Hexacyanoferrat. The clinical appearance of the skin improved slowly during a period of 1-2 months.     

The effect of Prussian blue and sodium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the faecal and urinary elimination of thallium by the dog.

After oral administration of sublethal doses of thallium (lower than 10 mg/kg) to dogs, 75.5 +/- 3.9 per cent of the dose was eliminated from the body--47 per cent faecal and 28 per cent urinary. Cumulative excretion reached 50 and 70 per cent after 10 and 25 days respectively, and was almost complete after 75 days. This was slightly lower at higher doses. The total body-burden of thallium, calculated from the cumulative excretion, decreased exponentially for at least the first 40 days with a half-time (T 1/2) of 6.5 days. Oral doses of Prussian blue after 10 days resulted in an acceleration of the thallium elimination from the body (T 1/2 2.5 days), an increase of the faecal (49 per cent) and a decrease of the urinary excretion (18 per cent). Nevertheless, the cumulative faecal and urinary thallium excretion was not influenced. Minor transitory influences of Prussian blue on the faecal thallium excretion could be observed up to day 26. After 40 days, Prussian blue could no longer influence the faecal thallium excretion. At no time did sodium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic (Na2EDTA) acid significantly change faecal or urinary thallium excretion.     

Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine damage or thallium poisoning in cattle (expert opinion)

Some days after vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease a high degree of salivation, trembling of the muscles, colic, hyperemization of the mucosa of the mouth, extreme thirst, and losing of hairs at the end of the tail occurred in cattle. The cause of these symptoms seems not to be the vaccination, but the content of thallium in silage (41 mg/kg) fresh matter, which was bought from abroad. The diagnosis was confirmed by analysis of thallium in several organs (liver, kidney, muscles).     

Acute thallium toxicosis in a dog.

A Doberman Pinscher was evaluated for acute onset of gastroenteritis, characterized by anorexia, hematemesis, and hematochezia. The dog had ingested mole bait containing thallium 2 days prior to admission. Thallium toxicosis was confirmed by detection of thallium in the urine, using colorimetric analysis. The dog responded well to administration of antibiotics, fluids administered IV, warm-water enemas, and oral administration of activated charcoal slurries.     

Toxicology of selected pesticides, drugs, and chemicals. Anticoagulant, cholecalciferol, and bromethalin-based rodenticides

The control of rodent pests is a continuing goal of mankind. To this end, a multitude of rodenticides have been produced, each designed to kill rodents by exerting their toxic effects on various body systems. As examples, veterinarians have had to manage companion animal poisonings due to anticoagulant, sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080), thallium, barium carbonate, and zinc phosphide-based rodenticides. Many of these rodenticides were introduced because of their anticipated safety in relation to nontarget species; unfortunately, this has not been the case. Veterinarians must attempt to identify the specific rodenticide involved in poisoning cases. Therapeutic success in these poisonings is often more dependent upon symptomatic and supportive care rather than the use of antidotal therapy.     

Optimization of culture media of pathogenic Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by a response surface methodology

Composition of culture medium for mass production of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM). Initially, the influence of glucose, thallium acetate, fresh yeast extract, horse serum, and porcine serum on the production of mycoplasmal protein was assessed using a ''one factor at a time'' technique. Next, factors with a significant effect, including fresh yeast extract, and horse and porcine sera, were selected for further optimization using a central composite design (CCD) of RSM. The experimental results were fitted into a second order polynomial model equation. Estimated optimal condition of the factors for maximum production of mycoplasmal protein (i.e., triple-fold increase from 0.8 mg/L produced by basal mycoplasma media to 2.5 mg/L) was 10.9% fresh yeast extract, 15% horse serum, and 31.5% porcine serum (v/v). For the optimized conditions, a 2.96 mg/L experimental result was observed, similar to the estimated optimal conditions result of the CCD.     

A case of unilateral pelvic limb adactyly in a puppy dog

A case of unilateral hindlimb adactyly is described in a 3-month-old female Pointer dog. Clinical and radiographic findings are described. Adactyly or transverse hemimelia is a rare condition in most animal species. In dogs, this condition has been reported only three times as a deformity of the forelimb. To the authors' knowledge, the congenital pelvic limb deformity described here is the first case documented in a dog.     

Polyradiculoneuritis and Solymyositis due to a toxoplasma-like protozoan: Diagnosis and treatment

A polyradiculoneuritis and polymyositis caused by a toxoplasma-like protozoan is described in two seven-week-old labrador pups. Examination of a centrifuged sample of cerebrospinal fluid was a useful diagnostic aid in one case and the successful treatment of the other pup is described. This case is discussed in the light of the recently described protozoan Neospora caninum which can also affect the neuromuscular system of neonatal pups.     

ICP-OES及ICP-MS法高效快速测定马奶样品中矿物质元素含量

[目的]建立全自动石墨消解—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析方法对马奶中的常量及痕量矿物质元素进行测定。[方法]采用全自动石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对马奶中钾、钠、钙、磷4种常量元素进行测定,利用重量法配制标准溶液,以铑元素作为内标,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对马奶中铝、砷、硼、钡、铍、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、锂、镁、锰、镍、铅、锑、锡、锶、钛、铊、钒、锌、硒共23种元素进行测定。利用生物成分分析标准物质对结果进行质量控制。[结果]常量元素在0~20 μg/mL、痕量元素在0~200 ng/mL 具有良好的线性关系,标准曲线相关系数均可达到0.999以上,ICP-MS法各元素检出限在0.001 10~1.578 ng/mL,ICP-OES法各元素检出限在0.010 0~0.068 8 μg/mL;多次对生物成分分析标准物质中矿物质元素含量测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于11%(n=6),且测定结果与标准值相符。[结论]该方法线性相关性、检出限、准确度等方面能够满足准确、高效测定马奶中矿物质元素含量的要求。     

A case of angiokeratoma

Angiokeratoma is described by various authors as a rare variant of the hemangioma in the dog, characterized by a vascular component, like all types of vascular neoplasms, but also by an epithelial component. A case of angiokeratoma is described in a male 8-year-old dog. The tumor was located in heavily pigmented skin on the anterior surface of the front limb and not in the more usual previously described locations, eyelid and conjunctiva. Microscopic examination revealed a well-circumscribed mass with irregular hyperplasia of the epidermis and dilated vascular spaces filled with blood in the superficial dermis.     

Type III hemifacial microsomia in a kitten

The case described herein presented with craniofacial malformations resembling hemifacial microsomia (HFM), a congenital disorder described in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HFM in a domestic cat.     

Intercellular bridges between sex cells in the bull testicle

An electronmicroscopic study of the seminiferous epithelium of the bovine is described Particular attention is given to the presence of intercellular bridges between development cells. These bridges are described, and a hypothesis is formulated regarding their probable role in the synchrony of cellular development in meiosis     

Apparent idiopathic interface disease in a Boer billy goat

An apparently idiopathic interface diseasee in a 2-year-old Boer billy goat is described. Clinical features of the disease were the presence of a pruritic multiple focally disseminated dermatitis with flat-topped, angular, scaly plaques and papules with corrugated surfaces in the skin of virtually the entire body. The aetiology of the disorder in the described case is unknown.     

The use of a transfixation splint to stabilize a bilateral mandibular fracture in a dog

The treatment of bilateral non-union fractures of the horizontal rami of the mandible is described in a Poodle. A transfixation splint was used to stabilize the fractures. The technique is described and other methods of mandibular fracture repair reviewed.     

Juvenile nephropathy in a Weimaraner dog

A case of juvenlle nephropathy In a two-year-old Welmaraner bitch Is reported. Although juvenlle nephropathy has been described in several breeds of dogs, this is the first report In a Welmaraner. Clinical aspects, blood analysis, renal pathology and extrarenal changes are described. The renal changes consisted of tubular as well as glomerular lesions, similar to those described in the miniature schnauzer. The main extrarenal lesion was degeneration and necrosis of subendocardial myocytes in the left atrial wail associated with an inflammatory reaction and focal necrotising arteritis.     

Spontaneous resorption of a diabetic cataract in a geriatric dog

Spontaneous cataract resorption is described in a geriatric cocker spaniel with a four-month history of diabetes mellitus. Resorption progressed to such a degree that vision was restored in that eye and almost all the cataract material disappeared. This is not common in geriatric dogs despite having been described with relative frequency in young animals with hereditary cataracts.     

Haemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency) in the cat

A case of haemophilia A (classical haemophilia, factor VIII deficiency) in a cat is described. The cat presented with persistent bleeding from an oral wound, and protracted haemorrhage after castration. The diagnosis and management of this case is described. Subsequent investigation of the dam and a recent litter identified a further affected male kitten.     

A case of central diabetes insipidus in the cat: diagnosis and treatment

A case of diabetes insipidus is described in a two-year-old entire male short-haired domestic cat. The clinical signs included a marked polyuria associated with secondary polydipsia and a urine specific gravity of 1–005. Diagnosis was confirmed by water deprivation test and response to desmopressin. Treatment with chlorothiazide diuretics is also described.