Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,nutrient utilization and whole‐body composition of blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings

Nine semi‐purified diets were prepared with three levels each of protein (300, 350 and 400 g/kg) and lipid (60, 80 and 100 g/kg) and fed ad libitum to Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings (0.61 ± 0.03 g) in triplicate groups (10 fish/replicate) for 90 days to determine optimum dietary protein and lipid levels. Twenty‐seven flow‐through fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks (200 l capacity each with 100 l of water) were used for rearing the fish. The dietary protein, lipid and their interactions had significant effects (p < 0.05) on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, nutrient retention and digestibility, but not on hepato‐ and viscerosomatic indexes (p > 0.05). Dietary protein and the interaction of protein with lipid had significant effect (p < 0.05) on whole‐body dry matter, lipid and energy contents, but not on protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). But, the dietary lipid had significant (p < 0.05) effect on whole‐body dry matter, protein, lipid and energy contents except the ash contents (p > 0.05). For each level of dietary protein, the increase in dietary lipid resulted significant increase (p < 0.05) in whole‐body lipid contents without affecting the protein and ash contents (p > 0.05). Based on better growth and dietary performances, the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels of blue gourami fingerling are 350 and 80 g/kg diet respectively.     

Substitution of plant protein for fish meal in the diet of laying ducks

Fish meal is a good source of protein feed that can be used to get a high production yield even though it has a comparatively higher price. Plant protein has been found to substitute for fish meal without any adverse effect on production as well as helping to reduce feed cost. Moreover, it is not necessary for a level more than 5% fish meal in the diet of laying ducks. One type of plant protein is soybean meal, considered one of the most valuable sources of vegetable protein and whose amino acid composition is comparable to that of milk protein. In a soybean meal, the first limiting amino acid is methionine. Soybean meal can substitute for fish meal in laying ducks' diet but supplementation of methionine and lysine is recommended. Since sesame meal is rich in methionine and agrinine, 50% of soybean meal can be replaced by sesame meal without adverse effects. Leucaena leaf meal is also a valuable source of protein (26%) and carotenoids but it also has a toxic amino acid (mimosine). However, soaking leucaena leaf meal in water can remove the toxic amino acid and can be used, together with added methionine and lysine, as 10% of the diet for laying ducks.     

蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中不同比例蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选取200尾罗氏沼虾幼虾,随机分为5组,即Ⅰ组(0%蚯蚓粉+100%鱼粉)、Ⅱ组(10%蚯蚓粉+90%鱼粉)、Ⅲ组(20蚯蚓粉+80%鱼粉)、Ⅳ组(30%蚯蚓粉+70%鱼粉)、Ⅴ组(40%蚯蚓粉+60%鱼粉),每组4个重复,每个重复...     

日粮中血粉替代鱼粉对草鱼生长和肌肉氨基酸组成的影响

试验旨在研究血粉替代部分鱼粉对草鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响。以含鱼粉12%日粮为对照组,以血粉分别替代对照组饲料中25%、50%和75%的鱼粉,配制3种试验饲料,投喂平均体质量194.0 g的草鱼64 d。结果表明,各试验组草鱼摄食量下降,增重率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但25%血粉替代组草鱼饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比、肌肉粗脂肪的含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而50%和75%血粉替代组的饲料系数、肌肉粗脂肪明显升高;与对照组相比较,各血粉替代组的粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量、必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合分析表明,血粉代替草鱼日粮中鱼粉的量为25%时,可以获得较好的效果。     

不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能及部分生理生化指标的影响

为研究不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中进口鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、全鱼营养成分组成、血液部分生理生化指标的影响,本试验共设4组利用不同水平南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中鱼粉的试验饲料(分别记为:0%(D1组)、3%(D2组)、6%(D3组)、9%(D4组),每组饲料设3个重复组,每个重复放养初始体重约为(12.43±0.16)g/尾的大口黑鲈(LargemouthBass)30尾,在室内循环水养殖系统中饲养8周。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)均显著提高,SGR分别提高14.0%、15.8%、20.5%,PER分别提高9.1%、16.8%、27.3%,饲料系数(FCR)显著降低(P<0.05),其中以9%南极磷虾粉替代组效果最佳;(2)各试验组全鱼的水分、粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),南极磷虾粉替代组的粗脂肪含量均高于对照组,其中6%南极磷虾粉替代组较对照组提高13.8%(P<0.05);(3)南极磷虾粉等量替代组试验鱼血液中的白细胞数目(WBC)较对照组分别提高66.1%、61.1%、56.5%(P<0.05),而红细胞数目(PBC)较对照组分别提高25.2%、25.2%、20.7%(P<0.05),而红血蛋白(HGB)、白蛋白(ALB)各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(4)各替代组试验鱼血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随着南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉含量的上升而上升,其中9%替代组分别较对照组提高45.0%、36.4%(P<0.05),各替代组试验鱼血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组血清中丙二醛含量与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05);(5)各替代组血清中甘油三酯(TG)的含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),总胆固醇(TC)的含量随着南极磷虾粉替代鱼粉含量的上升而上升,其中9%替代组较对照组提高21.5%(P<0.05),各组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,南极磷虾粉是大口黑鲈配合饲料中的优质蛋白源,适当替代鱼粉可以提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长性能,抗氧化功能以及免疫功能,本试验中以6%、9%南极磷虾粉等量替代饲料中鱼粉的效果最佳。     

酵母蛋白粉替代肉鸡日粮中鱼粉的效果研究

选用1日龄AA肉鸡600羽随机分成5组,每组设6个重复,每个重复20羽,分别饲喂鱼粉对照日粮和用酵母蛋白粉等能等蛋白替代对照日粮中25%、50%、75%和100%鱼粉的试验日粮,研究用活性酵母蛋白粉替代鱼粉作为蛋白源对肉鸡生长性能以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:100%替代组的后期增重较对照组提高0.84%(P>0.05),100%替代组的后期及全期料重比较对照组降低2.20%和1.56%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间营养物质的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。100%替代组可以降低饲料成本和增重成本。酵母蛋白粉替代肉鸡日粮中的鱼粉是可行的。     

Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal,fish meal,spray‐dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs

This study sought to determine whether fermentation could increase apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) greater than that of soybean meal (SBM) in weaned pigs. Four weaned pigs (10.00 ± 0.30 kg) were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas and randomly followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design of treatments (SBM, FSBM, fish meal and spray‐dried plasma protein). Overall, the fermentation process was able to reduce the amount of anti‐nutritional factors (ANF), including trypsin inhibitors, raffinose and stachyose, in the FSBM diet, which were significantly reduced by 39.4, 92.2, and 92.9%, respectively, as compared to the SBM diet. As a consequence of ANF reduction in FSBM, the AID of DM, N and E as well as AA was significantly greater with FSBM than SBM. Taken all together, the fermentation process improved the nutritional quality of SBM, due to ANF reduction, leading to improvement of digestibility of AA. As such, FSBM can be potentially used as a specialized feed ingredient, especially for young animal diets in an attempt to reduce diet costs.     

豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白替代部分鱼粉对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

分别采用豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白替代饲料中33%、66%和100%鱼粉(对照组鱼粉10%)配制与对照组等氮、等能、等赖氨酸、等蛋氨酸和有效磷的试验饲料(其中豌豆分离蛋白用量3%、6%和9%,豌豆浓缩蛋白用量4.5%、9%和13.5%),饲养初始体重(18.53±0.35)g的建鲤75 d。结果表明:豌豆分离蛋白替代100%鱼粉组增重和特定生长率显著高于、饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其余处理组与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。两种豌豆蛋白替代鱼粉对成活率、肥满度和肠长指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著影响肝胰脏指数,其中豌豆分离蛋白替代100%鱼粉组和豌豆浓缩蛋白组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。豌豆浓缩蛋白替代100%鱼粉组可观察到对适口性有不良影响。由上述结果可得出,豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白均可作为鲤鱼料的蛋白源,本试验条件下,以生长性能为标识结合适口性推荐豌豆分离蛋白可完全替代鱼粉,适宜用量9%;豌豆浓缩蛋白可替代33%鱼粉,适宜用量4.5%。     

新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中以新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代基础饲料中20％、40％、60％、80％、100％的鱼粉,制成6种等氮等能的饲料(分别记为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅵ为对照组),饲养泥鳅50 d,通过比较各饲料组泥鳅的生长性能和抗氧化指标,研究新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响.试验结果表明,随着饲料中新型蝇蛆...     

低鱼粉饲料对罗非鱼生长性能影响的研究

以奥尼罗非鱼为饲养对象研究低鱼粉饲料对罗非鱼生长性能的影响。将500尾个体大小相似(35.12±0.80 g)的罗非鱼随机放入25个已消毒的圆形水族箱(高1 m、直径80 cm)中,平均每箱20尾。将25箱罗非鱼分为5组,每组5个重复,分别标号记录,按照要求给各组饲喂对照组饲料和4种不同的低鱼粉饲料,并在试验期间测定各组罗非鱼的体重、体长、全长和体高等数据。结果表明,各试验组罗非鱼的增重情况、体长增长量、全长增长量及体高增长量等与对照组罗非鱼之间无显著差异(P0.05)。利用低鱼粉饲料饲养罗非鱼是可行的。     

水产饲料中大豆蛋白替代鱼粉的应用研究

凭借充足的供应源和低廉的价格,大豆蛋白成为我国最为常用且最具前途的鱼粉替代物。研究表明,豆类蛋白可部分或全部代替鱼粉而不影响鱼类的生长和发育,但也存在各种各样的限制因素,使得鱼类对其利用仍然不够理想。文章介绍大豆蛋白在水产饲料上的应用情况,探讨限制大豆蛋白利用的抑制因子及其相应的解决措施,以期为大豆蛋白的广泛研究和应用提供参考依据。     

Use of monosodium glutamate by‐product in cow diet on performance of lactating dairy cows

Eight multiparous lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were monosodium glutamate by‐product (MSGB) replacement for soybean meal in concentrate at four levels: MSGB replacement at 0, 20, 40 and 60%, respectively. Pangola hay was given on an ad libitum basis. It was found that total dry matter intake, concentrate intake, pangola hay intake and all apparent digestibilities were not different among treatments. Ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen at 4 h post‐feeding was significantly different, in which the 0% treatment had the highest (P < 0.05) while the 20% treatment had the lowest. Milk fat percentage was the highest (P < 0.05) in the 0% treatment. MSGB replacement at 40% and 60% were shown to be the lowest (P < 0.05) feed cost for milk production, and profitability of milk production was the highest (P < 0.05) for the 60% treatment. Based on this experiment, it could be concluded that MSGB replacement for soybean meal at 20‐60% in the feed for dairy cows presented no negative effects on their performances. In addition, it could decrease feed cost 2.9‐17.3% and increase milk production profit up to 33.3% in the 60% treatment.     

金鲳鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究

试验采用单因子试验设计,选用初始体重为(60±4)g的金鲳鱼(Trachinotus ovatus),随机分成5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,饲养在浮式海水网箱中,进行为期65 d的试验。在对照组配方中鱼粉用量为51%的基础上,分别用13%、24%、34%和44%的发酵豆粕代替配方中9%、16%、23%和31%的鱼粉用量,研究发酵豆粕代替鱼粉对金鲳鱼生长性能的影响。试验结果表明:在金鲳鱼饲料中用发酵豆粕代替23%的进口鱼粉,金鲳鱼的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,发酵豆粕代替25%的鱼粉用量对金鲳鱼的生产性能不会产生不良影响。     

Effects of toxic and non‐toxic blue mussel meal on health and product quality of laying hens

Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are a potential protein source in poultry feeds because of their high methionine and cystein content. However, mussels may temporarily be contaminated with the toxin, okadaic acid. The aim of this small scale study was to evaluate the effects on animal health and morphology of the digestive tract of laying hens fed three different diets; a commercial feed and diets containing 15% normal or 15% toxic mussel meal, i.e. a concentration of 198.6 μg toxin per kg feed. Twelve laying hens were divided into six groups and fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Animal health, production performance and egg quality were recorded. At sacrifice, tissue samples were prepared for histological evaluation using light microscopy. Okadaic acid did not have any adverse effects on animal health or production parameters and no histological changes indicating disturbances in the digestive tract was observed. Internal egg quality was improved as eggs from hens fed either of the two mussel meal diets had an increased yolk colour. These results show that mussel meal functions as a novel protein source for laying hens and those toxic mussels at this level may be included in the feed without negative effects on parameters evaluated in this study.     

鱼粉中组胺测定方法的改进

采用超声水浴助提、增加滤液的吸取量及控制标准反应液与试样反应液的酸度一致,对国标法(GB/T5009.45-2003)组胺测定在鱼粉中的应用进行了改进。实验结果表明,改进法节省了试样前处理时间,改善了组胺的提取率及测定结果的精密度,经方法评估函数的评价及试样的测定,表明改进法适用于鱼粉中组胺的测定。     

Comparative efficacy of up to 50% partial fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal or enzymatically prepared soybean meal on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs

This study was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of partial fish meal (FM) replacement (up to 50%) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM; SoELAB, PepSoyGen and Soytide) or enzymatically prepared SBM (HP 300) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs. A total of 100 weaned pigs (body weight 6.59 ± 0.29 kg) were used in experimental feeding trials, lasting for up to 6 weeks, and were randomly allotted to five groups with four block replicates of five pigs per pen serving as one block. Dietary treatments were as follows: (i) 100% FM, (ii) 50% FM + 50% SoELAB‐54, (iii) 50% FM + 50% PepSoyGen, (iv) 50% FM + 50% Soytide and (v) 50% FM + 50% HP 300. Concerning growth performance, none of the treated SBM preparations demonstrated any significantly different effect compared with FM treatment. With respect to nutrient digestibility, SoELAB and HP 300 treatments demonstrated no significant difference compared with FM treatment. Lastly, none of the SBM preparations demonstrated any significant differences in animal fecal score and all of the differentially treated SBM increased fecal Lactobacillus counts, while maintaining similar Escherichia coli counts compared with FM treatment.     

罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的研究

在实用饲料(含鱼粉6.0％,鱼粉粗蛋白质含量为64.5％)的基础上,用脱酚棉籽蛋白分别替代0、50％和100％的鱼粉,配制成3种等氮等能的试验饲料,以研究罗非鱼低鱼粉饲料中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性.将270尾平均体重为50 g的雄性吉富罗非鱼随机分成3组(每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾),其中饲喂替代水平为0的试验...     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼粉中的镉和铬

采用微波消解技术处理样品,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,对消解溶剂和微波条件进行了优化,研究了石墨炉原子吸收法的测定条件。结果表明,以HNO3+HClO4+H2O2作为微波消解溶剂效果最佳,在基体改进剂NH4H2PO4和Pd(NO3)2存在下,可有效地消除基体的影响,建立了微波-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼粉中镉(Cd)和铬(Cr)的方法,Cd和Cr检出限分别为0.17ng/mL和0.46ng/mL;回收率分别为88.2%～94.1%(RSD:2.7%,n=6)、91.7%～106.2%(RSD:6.6%,n=6)。     

Effects of different protein sources completely replacing fish meal in low‐protein diet on growth performance,intestinal digestive physiology,and nitrogen digestion and metabolism in nursery pigs

The study compared the effects of selected proteins replacing fish meal in low‐protein diets on piglets’ growth performance, intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism. Five reduced CP, amino acid (AA)‐supplemented diets containing 4% of either S50, HP300, concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), P50, or fish meal were assigned to six pens with 11 pigs for a 28‐day study period. Compared with fish meal, dietary proteins did not affect growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum hormone levels and biochemical parameters, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and most AA, colonic short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, duodenal and ileal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, and pH in small intestine of piglets. However, HP300, CDCP, and P50 decreased (p < 0.05) fecal N excretion per weight gain. AID of Ile in S50 and HP300 and Glu in P50 were improved (p < 0.05), and AID of Gly in other proteins was reduced (p < 0.05). S50 and P50 lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of colonic isobutyric and isovaleric. S50 and HP300 reduced (p < 0.05) jejunal villus height. CDCP increased (p < 0.05) the pepsin activity in stomach. S50, HP300, and CDCP decreased (p < 0.05) pH in the proximal colon. Overall, the selected proteins could completely replace fish meal in low‐protein diet without impairing piglets’ growth via maintaining intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism.     

饲料中不同比例的鱼粉比对丁鱥幼鱼生长和消化酶的影响

试验探讨了饲料中不同比例的鱼粉比对丁鱥(Tinca tinca)幼鱼生长和消化酶的影响.以鱼粉作动物蛋白源,豆粕、菜饼为植物蛋白源,选择均重(6.5±0.22)g的丁鱥幼鱼900尾,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ 6组,分别饲喂鱼粉为0％、20％、40％、60％、80％、100％的饲料56 d.结果表明,用鱼粉为60％...