民法典与废止的合同法等九部法律的主要区别和重要规定——物权编

<正>自2021年1月1日《中华人民共和国民法典》施行以来,全国各地的读者朋友们询问和希望了解《中华人民共和国民法典》与同日废止的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》《中华人民共和国继承法》《中华人民共和国收养法》《中华人民共和国物权法》《中华人民共和国担保法》《中华人民共和国合同法》《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》《中华人民共和国民法通则》《中华人民共和国民法总则》主要有哪些区别和新规定,特别是工作和生活中应该掌握的重要规定。为了使大家有一个直观的了解和便利掌握,以下用文9篇并以对照表的形式向大家重点介绍。     

《花木盆景》——我的终生伴侣

收到新一期《花木盈景》杂志,端详着透着油墨清香的封面,心中突然一震,嘿!《花木盆景》已伴我三十年!急切地从书橱中找来我的宝贝——花木盆景》创刊号,将前后的杂志并铺在书桌上,思绪纷呈,感慨万千。     

常见的种子标签违法行为及应对措施

农作物种子标签是指固定在种子包装物表面及内外的特定图案及文字说明。它是种子使用者直接了解种子来源和种子质量的法律依据。《中华人民共和国种子法》（以下简称《种子法》）和《农作物种子标签管理办法》（以下简称《标签管理办法》）颁布实施七年多了，标签违法行为屡禁不止。在阜新种子市场年案发率占各类涉种案件的10％左右，严重扰乱种子市场经营秩序。本文结合工作实际，把种子标签违法行为归纳为两种：     

永远的怀念——耐翁逝世10周年祭

今年1月14日是我们厦门盆景花卉协会老会长耐翁先生逝世10周年的祭日。     

我欲乘风归去——一盆雀梅盆景的创作纪录

雀梅是大家熟知的盆景树种,成熟的作品比比皆是,作为创作盆景的素材,其优点突出,人见人爱;缺点也明显,奈之他何?《花木盆景》杂志上也经常刊登前辈们蓄养雀梅盆景的经验及心得体会,在此,我也仅凭自己多年的经验来谈谈自己一件雀梅盆景的创作。图一是2011年2月改桩上盆照,当时直径仅6厘米,属于中小型桩,是2009年下山桩,下地放养了两年。     

《长江蔬菜》伴我成长——质朴的书和人,不忘初心,最是长久

《长江蔬菜》发出的声音是质朴的,里面涉及的人都是真实而质朴的农业从业者。我想,能坐下来读她的人内心也都是宁静而质朴的。质朴的书和人,不会随波逐流,人云亦云;质朴的书和人,不会追逐名利,贪慕虚荣;质朴的书和人,不忘初心,最是长久。在《长江蔬菜》创办30周年之际,祝《长江蔬菜》越办越好!     

新西兰红梨落户河南荥阳

今天有幸与省有关专家一行来到郑州荥阳金土地果树良种示范场，在省农业厅原经作处副处长，河南省园艺学会副理长首席果树专家冯有才的引领下，我们共同沉浸在新西兰红梨引种成功的喜悦里。     

What you see is where you go? Modeling dispersal in mountainous landscapes

Inter-patch connectivity can be strongly influenced by topography and matrix heterogeneity, particularly when dealing with species with high cognitive abilities. To estimate dispersal in such systems, simulation models need to incorporate a behavioral component of matrix effects to result in more realistic connectivity measures. Inter-patch dispersal is important for the persistence of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) in central Europe, where this endangered grouse species lives in patchy populations embedded in a mountainous landscape. We simulated capercaillie movements with an individual-based, spatially explicit dispersal model (IBM) and compared the resulting connectivity measure with distance and an expert estimation. We used a landscape comprising discrete habitat patches, temporary habitat, non-habitat forests, and non-habitat open land. First, we assumed that dispersing individuals have perfect knowledge of habitat cells within the perceptual range (null model). Then, we included constraints to perception and accessibility, i.e., mountain chains, open area and valleys (three sub-models). In a full model, all sub-models were included at once. Correlations between the different connectivity measures were high (Spearman’s ρ > 0.7) and connectivity based on the full IBM was closer to expert estimation than distance. For selected cases, simple distance differed strongly from the full IBM measure and the expert estimation. Connectivity based on the IBM was strongly sensitive to the size of perceptual range with higher sensitivity for the null model compared to the full model that included context dependent perceptual ranges. Our heuristic approach is adequate for simulating movements of species with high cognitive abilities in strongly structured landscapes that influence perception and permeability.     

Why history matters in landscape ecology

Landscape ecology traditionally has been limited to the study of terrestrial systems; however, the questions and methods defining the science are equally relevant for marine and coastal systems. The reciprocal relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes and the overarching effect of scale on this relationship was being explored in some marine and coastal settings as the general discipline of landscape ecology was evolving throughout the latter two decades of the last century. As with all components of the biosphere, an understanding of these relationships is critical for successful management of marine and coastal systems. In these systems, widely dispersed field or ship-based observations and lack of broad scale data have historically precluded quantification of large-scale patterns and processes and hindered management efforts. However, relatively recent advances in geographic information systems, remote sensing and computer technologies have begun to address these issues and are now permitting assessments of pattern and process in oceans. The intent of this special issue is to highlight research that is adapting the tools of landscape ecology to answer ecological questions within marine and coastal systems, to address the unique challenges faced in these landscapes, and to stimulate an exchange of ideas and solutions to common problems. Inspiration for this special issue of Landscape Ecology began with a special session on “Marine and Coastal Applications in Landscape Ecology” that was held at the 19th Annual Symposium of the United States Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, March 31–April 2, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada.

     

The influence of management history and habitat on plant species richness in a rural hemiboreal landscape,Sweden

We explored patterns of plant species richness at different spatialscales in 14 habitats in a Swedish rural landscape. Effects of physicalconditions, and relationships between species richness and management historyreaching back to the 17^th century were examined, using old cadastralmaps andaerial photographs. The most species-rich habitats were dry open semi-naturalgrasslands, midfield islets and road verges. Alpha diversity (species richnesswithin sites) was highest in habitats on dry substrates (excluding bedrock withsparse pines) and beta diversity (species richness among sites) was highest inmoist to wet habitats. Alpha and beta components of species richness tended tobe inversely related among habitats with similar species richness. Managementhistory influenced diversity patterns. Areas managed as grasslands in the17^th and 18^th century harboured more species than areasoutside the villages. We also found significant relationships between speciesrichness and soil type. Silt proved to be the most species-rich topsoil(10–20 cm) in addition to thin soils top of on green- orlimestone bedrock. The variation in species richness due to local relief orform of thesite also showed significant relationships, where flat surfaces had the highestnumber of species. In contrast, no significant relationship was found betweenspecies richness and aspect. Our study suggests that present-day diversitypatterns are much influenced by management history, and that small habitat,e.g., road verges and midfield islets, are important for maintaining speciesrichness.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Why don’t we go outside? – Perceived constraints for users of urban greenspace in Sweden

Urban greenspace (UGS) is important for human wellbeing, particularly physical and mental health, and is claimed to support social cohesion. However, the expansion and densification of urban centres in recent decades has occurred largely at the expense of UGS. This risks its attractiveness for users. Although recent research has identified various factors that influence the use of UGS in different contexts, few studies have taken an explicit, bottom-up approach to understand which factors constrain willingness to use it. This study analyses responses from an online survey in Sweden (N = 2806) to identify the main constraints to UGS usage, and for whom these are constraints. Respondents could select from 22 different types of constraints – relating to incivilities, management, accessibility and availability, safety, and personal issues. Respondents could also provide comments to identify additional constraints. Incivilities were the most perceived problem. For example, litter was selected by 53% of respondents, while vandalism was selected by 24%. At the same time, many respondents perceived few or no constraints – 59% stated that nothing prevented them from using UGS, while 35% stated that they saw no problems. Safety-related and accessibility/availability constraints were not strongly identified although many respondents commented that UGS in Sweden is inadequate given the large number of users, and that the UGS that people want to use the most is often inaccessible without a car. Multiple binary logistic regression was used to investigate relationships between perceptions of constraints and fourteen predictor variables. Odds ratios were used to determine whether significant (p < 0.05) relationships were meaningful. Our findings show that different groups have starkly divergent perceptions of constraints relating to UGS. Several key factors – including age, self-reported nature-connectedness, distance to UGS, and frequency of use – were associated with a heightened likelihood of perceiving different groups of constraints. However, relationships between constraints and factors relating to environmental justice were not straightforward. These findings indicate the complexity of UGS planning challenges relating to densification, the New Urban Agenda and promotion of societal benefits, and a need to further integrate multiple user perspectives, especially of younger adults and infrequent users.     

我国落叶果树菌根的研究历程与展望

综述了我国落叶果树菌根研究的起始阶段、快速进展阶段和目前的平稳发展阶段的研究内容及特点,讨论了今后的研究方向。     

世界蓝莓生产历史与发展趋势

介绍了蓝莓的保健功能，种类和世界蓝莓的生产概况及发展趋势，2001年美国和加拿大的蓝莓产量占世界总产量的79．9％，栽培面积占世界总面积的85．5％，栽培应用较多的主要是北高灌蓝莓品种。     

Relationship between EGFR/HER2 gene knocked down and the downstream signal pathway in SPC-A-1

AIM: RNAi technique was applied to explore the relationship between downstream signal pathway in EGFR family and the cell proliferation, cell cycle alteration, apoptosis after EGFR/HER2 RNA interference. METHODS: Sequence-specific siRNA for EGFR and HER2 were designed as literatures described. “Tuschl rules” and BLAST on the full length of EGFR/HER2 cDNA were used to ensure the sequence-specific siRNA for EGFR/HER2 joint interference. Based on the above sequence-specific siRNA, recombinant plasmids with GFP and neomycin resistance marker were constructed. Six groups including mock, negative control, shRNA-EGFR, shRNA-HER2, shRNA-EGFR/HER2 and shRNA-EGFR+shRNA-HER2 were established by transient transfection. Real time quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the silencing of the EGFR/HER2 gene level. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of EGFR/HER2 protein and protein phosphorylation expression. Transfected cells were stimulated with EGF 15 min before protein extraction. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution after RNAi. The protein expression levels of downstream signaling pathway proteins including Akt, p-Akt, p-Erk1/2, p-p38 were measured by real time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Randomized block analysis of variance and SNK methods were used to compare the differences between groups. RESULTS: Cell proliferation was inhibited in the groups of shRNA-EGFR, shRNA-HER2, shRNA-EGFR+shRNA-HER2 and shRNA-EGFR/HER by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry showed that apoptosis ratio in shRNA-HER2 (P<0.01), shRNA-EGFR/HER2 (P<0.01) and shRNA-EGFR+shRNA-HER2 (P<0.05) groups were significantly higher than those in negative control group, while there was no statistical difference between shRNA-EGFR and negative control (P>0.05), and that the distributions in phase G1 and phase S in shRNA-EGFR (P<0.01), shRNA-HER2 (P<0.01), shRNA-EGFR/HER2 (P<0.01) and shRNA-EGFR+shRNA-HER2 (P<0.01) were significantly different compared with the negative control. The level of EGFR/HER2 protein and protein phosphorylation expression were down regulated. The cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle alterations induced by EGFR/HER2 RNA interference showed no significant relationship with downstream signal pathway molecular in EGFR family. CONCLUSION: EGFR gene knockdown may not cause significant apoptosis in SPC-A-1 cell line. The variations of cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle alterations induced by EGFR/HER2 RNA interference were not found to have significant relationship with downstream signal pathway molecules in EGFR family.     

海南热带果蔬深加工项目落户屯昌县

5月11日,记者从海南省农业厅获悉,一个总投资6000万元的热带果蔬深加工项目落户海南屯昌县农产品加工园区,项目建成后将使海南热带果蔬深加工后还能保持原汁原味出口.海南农产品深加工将取得新突破. 该项目占地60多亩,其生产原料是荔枝,甜玉米、地瓜、木瓜、菠萝、芒果等,其产品是保持果蔬原汁原味的果派、果泥和水煮真空包装食品.投产后年消耗各种果蔬原料2.6万吨,年销售额可达1.5亿元.