几种绵羊常用粗饲料GI的测定及其代谢能模型化研究

在测定五类九种粗饲料及三个混合粗饲料的常规成分基础上,实测了它们的粗饲料分级指数(GradingIndex,GI):大青山草地早熟禾3.4758、沙打旺3.3731、苜蓿1.7202、混粗C21.1797、青干草1.1029、混粗C10.7852、羊草0.5684、玉米青贮0.4152、玉米秸秆0.1985、谷草0.1728、混粗D0.0805、苏丹草0.0687,并就GI与饲料相对值(RelativeFeedValue,RFV)对粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较,表明GI要优于RFV,同时证明:GI还可以用于混合粗饲料的优化与牧草刈割期的确定。本研究建立了预测粗饲料ME的模型:ME(MJ/kg)=-11.7492+0.5959IVDMD(%)-0.0044[IVEMD(%)]2。     

几种绵羊常用粗饲料GI的测定及其代谢能模型化研究

在测定5类9种粗饲料及3个混合粗饲料的常规成分基础上,实测了它们的粗饲料分级指数(GI):大青山草地早熟禾3.4758、沙打旺3.3731、苜蓿1.7202、混粗C21.1797、青干草1.1029、混粗C10.7852、羊草0.5684、玉米青贮0.4152、玉米秸0.1985、谷草0.1728、混粗D0.0805、苏丹草0.0687,并就GI与饲料相对值(RFV)对粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较,表明GI要优于RFV,同时证明:GI还可以用于混合粗饲料的优化与牧草刈割期的确定。研究并建立了预测粗饲料代谢能(ME)的模型:ME(MJ/kg)=-11.7492 0.5959IVDM(D%)-0.0044[IVDM(D%)]2,其中IVDMD为体外干物质消化率。     

几种绵羊常用粗饲料GI的测定及其代谢能模型化研究

在测定五类九种粗饲料及三个混粗的常规成分基础上,实测了它们的GI：大青山草地早熟禾3．4758、沙打旺3．3731、苜蓿1．7202、混C21．1797、青干草1.1029、混C10．7852、羊草0．5684、玉米青贮0．4152、玉米秸0．1985、谷草0.1728、混D0．08505、苏丹草0．0687,并就GI与RFV对粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较,表明GI要优于RFV,同时还证明：GI还可以用于混合粗饲料的优化与牧草刈割期的确定。本研究还建立了预测粗饲料ME的模型：ME(MJ／kg)=-11．7492 0．5959IVDMD(％DM)-0．0044[IVDMD(％DM)]^2。     

几种绵羊常用粗饲料分级指数的测定及其代谢能模型化研究

在测定5类9种粗饲料及3个混合粗饲料的常规成分基础上，实测了其CI：大青山草地早熟禾3.4758、沙打旺3.3731、苜蓿1.7202、混合粗饲料C2 1.1797、青干草1.1029、混合粗饲料C1 0.7852、羊草0.5684、玉米青贮0.4152、玉米秸秆0.1985、谷草0.1728、混合粗饲料D 0.0805、苏丹草0.0687。并就GI与RFV对粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较，结果表明，CI要优于RFV。同时还证明：GI可以用于混合粗饲料的优化与牧草刈割期的确定。该研究还建立了预测粗饲料ME的模型：ME（Mj/kg）=-11.7492 0.5959IVDMD (％DM)-0.0044[IVDMD(％DM)]^2。     

粗饲料品质评定指数新一代分级指数的建立及与分级指数(GI2001)和饲料相对值(RFV)的比较研究

试验的目的是在卢德勋2001年提出的粗饲料分级指数(GI2001)的基础上筛选一些新指标在奶牛粗饲料中建立新一代分级指数(grading index-2008,GI2008),并用GI2008、GI2001和饲料相对值(RFV)对4种粗饲料品质进行分级比较.根据公式分别计算4种粗饲料的GI2008、GI2001和RFV值.结果表明,4种粗饲料(苜蓿干草、玉米青贮饲料、羊草、玉米秸秆)的GI2008值分别为145.50、108.44、20.10和12.09MJ/d；GI2001值分别为32.11、19.70、9.39和3.98 MJ/d；RFV值分别为109.20、100.12、91.55和69.93 MJ/d.三者对粗饲料品质划分次序一致.GI2008和GI2001对粗饲料品质分级均优于RFV,二者比较,GI2008与GI2001均能科学地对粗饲料品质进行评定,GI2001值(X,MJ)与GI2008值(Y,MJ)存在如下回归关系:Y=5.1669X-12.683 (R2=0.946 3,P＜0.0001,n=4).结果提示,在实际应用中,GI2001指标简便易行,而GI2008主要用于研究目的,科学性比较强.在今后的研究中使用GI2008能更准确而科学地对粗饲料品质进行分级划分.     

粗饲料品质评定指数的研究现状及其进展

介绍了国际流行的粗饲料品质评定指数相对值(RFV)、粗饲料相对质量(RFQ)、产奶二千(Milk2000)以及我国学者提出的粗饲料分级指数(GI)与预测粗饲料采食量的粗饲料纤维物质瘤胃滞留系数(RT-IN-DEX);揭示了RFV,RFQ,Milk2000与GI四者间的联系与区别;详细地介绍了预测不同粗饲料RFQ参数的模型,并就RFQ取代RFV的可行性进行了分析.同时,指出了GI相对于RFV的优点,对GI的最新研究进展--GI的验证及其参数模型化进行了总结.     

奶牛粗饲料品质的综合评定

本文比较分析了2个奶牛粗饲料品质综合评定指数即美国流行的粗饲料相对值(RFV)及我国学者提出的粗饲料分级指数(GI)之间以及它们与粗饲料品质单个指标的关系,指出了GI的优点及对GI所借鉴的RFV相关参数模型进行验证的必要性。     

几种奶牛用粗料品质的综合评定研究

在测定江西奶牛养殖用的4种粗饲料(鲁梅克斯K-1、紫云英、高丹草与苏丹草)的常规成分基础上,实测了奶牛对这4种粗饲料的干物质随意采食量(DMI),并采用相关模型计算出这4种粗饲料的分级指数(GI)与相对值(RFV).分别应用单项指标粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、干物质随意采食量以及综合指标RFV、GI对试验用4种粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较.研究表明:单一指标都难以正确地评定粗饲料品质,必须使用综合的整体指标.GI是首个将粗饲料的可利用能、CP、NDF与家畜的DMI综合起来考虑的一个粗饲料综合评定指数,由于考虑了粗饲料中的能氮互作,对粗饲料的分级比RFV更精确.     

粗饲料品质评定指数新一代分级指数的建立及与分级指数（GI_（2001））和饲料相对值（RFV）的比较研究

试验的目的是在卢德勋2001年提出的粗饲料分级指数（GI2001）的基础上筛选一些新指标在奶牛粗饲料中建立新一代分级指数（gradingindex2008,GI2008）,并用GI2008、GI2001和饲料相对值（RFV）对4种粗饲料品质进行分级比较。根据公式分别计算4种粗饲料的GI2008、GI2001和RFV值。结果表明,4种粗饲料（苜蓿干草、玉米青贮饲料、羊草、玉米秸秆）的GI2008值分别为145.50、108.44、20.10和12.09MJ/d;GI2001值分别为32.11、19.70、9.39和3.98MJ/d;RFV值分别为109.20、100.12、91.55和69.93MJ/d。三者对粗饲料品质划分次序一致。GI2008和GI2001对粗饲料品质分级均优于RFV,二者比较,GI2008与GI2001均能科学地对粗饲料品质进行评定,GI2001值（X,MJ）与GI2008值（Y,MJ）存在如下回归关系：Y=5.1669X-12.683（R2=0.9463,P〈0.0001,n=4）。结果提示,在实际应用中,GI2001指标简便易行,而GI2008主要用于研究目的,科学性比较强。在今后的研究中使用GI2008能更准确而科学地对粗饲料品质进行分级划分。     

反刍家畜粗饲料品质评定的指标及其应用比较

本文结合笔者的研究结果就评定粗饲料品质的单项指标粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、消化率与动物的粗饲料干物质随意采食量以及综合指标粗饲料相对值(RFV)、粗饲料分级指数(GI)在粗饲料品质评定上的应用进行了比较,指出:上述各单项指标并不能客观地反映粗饲料的品质,应使用综合指标。由于GI考虑了粗饲料中的能氮互作,对粗饲料的分级比RFV更精确。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.