热锻炼和热胁迫过程中菜豆叶肉细胞超微结构的变化

以不同抗热性的２个菜豆品种叶片为试材,研究热锻炼和热胁迫过程中的超微结构变化及其与抗热性的关系。结果表明：热锻炼延缓了热胁迫对叶肉细胞超微结构的破坏;在叶肉细胞中,核仁对高温最为敏感,液泡膜比质膜对高温敏感,液泡中出现被膜小泡,在叶绿体中,类囊体膜比叶绿体被膜对高温敏感;本研究进一步比较了２个不同抗热性的菜豆品种超微结构在高温下反应的差异,并讨论了这些超微结构变化与抗热性的关系。     

热带土壤中菜豆种质耐低磷特性的评价

用来源于两个不同基因库(安第斯基因库和中美基因库)的菜豆种质为材料,比较它们在两种热带土壤中对低磷的适应性,旨在对现有种质的耐低磷能力进行系统的评价,为菜豆耐低磷育种提供新的种质资源。结果表明,供试菜豆种质中在耐低磷特性方面存在着基因型差异。在低磷条件下,来源于安第斯基因库的大粒种子基因型无论是在早期营养生长,对磷吸收,还定最后种子产量均优于来源于中美基因库的中、小粒种子基因型。不同基因型在两种热带土壤上的相时表现一致,说明菜豆对低有效磷的适应不存在着土壤特异性。然而,在高磷条件下,安第斯基因型的种子产量显著低于中美基因型。所以安第斯基因型虽有一定的耐低磷能力,但因其产量潜力较低而难以被直接利用。为此,必须分别鉴定安第斯基因型中与耐低磷有关的形态或生理生化指标,并明确其遗传控制,最后通过适当的遗传育种方法将其转移到理想的个体之中。这将是今后菜豆耐低磷育种的努力方向。     

不同谷子品种根系及其特性差异研究

要通过对10个不同谷子品种根系、气孔、叶水势等因子的测定，分析了不同品种根系及其特性的差异，为抗旱和酎旱品种的选择提供了依据。     

不同谷子品种根系及其特性差异研究

通过对１０处不同谷子品种根系、气孔、叶水势等的因子的测定，分析了不同品种根素及其特性的差异，为抗旱和耐旱品种的选择提供了依据。     

水杨酸对高温胁迫下水稻幼苗抗热性的影响

以"西农优1号"水稻品种为材料,研究了水杨酸(SA)预处理对高温胁迫下水稻幼苗抗热性的影响,结果表明:0.5 mmol·L-1 SA预处理可减缓水稻幼苗的电解质渗出,降低MDA含量和超氧阴离子产生速率,提高高温胁迫下水稻幼苗体内过氧化氢、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、抗坏血酸和GSH的含量.表明SA预处理可提高高温胁迫下水稻幼苗的抗热性.     

不同菜豆基因型根系对难溶性磷的活化吸收

通过溶液培养和砂培试验,研究了不同菜豆基因型根系对难溶性P化合物(Al-P和Fe-P)的活化、吸收及根系分泌的有机酸对难溶性Al-P和Fe-P的活化能力。结果表明,菜豆在Al-P处理中生长要好于Fe-P处理。菜豆在耐低P方面存在着一定的基因型差异。来源于安第斯基因库的大粒种基因型的生物量和吸P量明显大于来源于中美基因库的中、小粒种基因型,其中来源于安第斯基因库的菜豆基因型G19839有较明显的耐低P和适应Fe-P的能力。菜豆根系分泌物对难溶性P有一定的活化能力,P胁迫下菜豆根系分泌物对难溶性Fe-P和Al-P的活化能力都较正常供P时高;菜豆根系分泌物中有柠檬酸、甲酸和乙酸,柠檬酸对难溶性Fe-P和Al-P的活化能力远远高于甲酸和乙酸。     

孕穗开花期持续低温对不同熟期水稻气孔导度的影响

分别以 9023、9035、9036为早熟、中熟、晚熟水稻的代表品种,应用人工气候箱在孕穗开花期进行低温处理,旨在分析沈阳地区孕穗开花期不同强度低温对不同熟期水稻叶片气孔导度的影响。低温设置以前一天相同时刻的温度值为基准,设比外界温度低3℃（D3）和低5℃（D5）两个处理水平,持续处理5d,以自然条件下生长的水稻为对照（CK）,利用LI-6400光合测定仪测定水稻倒2叶的CO2响应曲线和光响应曲线。结果表明：（1）CO2响应过程中,与CK相比,D3和D5的持续低温处理皆可导致9035和9036的气孔导度显著降低,而9023（早熟）仅D5的持续低温导致其气孔导度降低;（2）光响应过程中,与CK相比,D3和D5的持续低温处理使9035（中熟）和9036（晚熟）气孔导度降低,且降低幅度随低温强度的增强而增大,但持续低温处理显著增加了9023（早熟）的气孔导度（P<0.01）;（3）气孔限制是引起9035（中熟）遭遇低温后光合速率下降的主要原因,而9023（早熟）和9036（晚熟）光合速率的变化主要由非气孔限制导致。说明中熟（9035）和晚熟（9036）水稻品种对低温处理响应较敏感,而早熟（9023）品种对低温不敏感。     

菜豆品种黄金勾伽玛射线突变体库的建立及突变表型观察

菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)是我国及世界人民重要的食用豆类之一,具有品种繁多,表型特征差别大,基因组小,繁殖周期短及与大豆的亲缘关系较近等特点,是研究豆科植物基因功能的重要遗传资源。为创造丰富的变异资源,对菜豆品种黄金勾种子进行^(60)Coγ射线诱变处理,处理剂量为200 Gy,在M_3代观察并统计变异的类型。以百粒重及种子大小(长与宽)为代表,对数量性状进行了统计分析,选取的大粒(菜434)和小粒(菜601)株行与野生型对照相比,所检测的3个性状上的变异系数均显著大于野生型对照。在总计3 500株M_3单株株行中,607株株行在生育期(开花期与成熟期)、叶部性状、株型、育性及种皮颜色等性状上与野生对照相比变异较为明显,其中5.5%的变异株行的变异属于典型的孟德尔显性遗传规律,符合3∶1分离比例,初步确定该类变异由单基因所控制。选取部分重要变异性状株行,进一步在M_4代进行表型观察,验证M_3代性状观察的结果。所获得的具有稳定遗传的材料不仅可直接应用于品种选育,还为克隆引致性状变异的功能基因及调控机制提供了重要的遗传资源。     

水稻气孔阻力和蒸腾强度变异特性的研究（一）

本文根据实验结果，分析和讨论了水稻气孔阻力和蒸腾强度的日变化、品种间的变异性，由栽培技术引起的变异性，环境因子对水稻气孔阻力蒸腾强度的影响，气孔阻力与蒸腾强度之间的关系等。     

Differences in Nodulation and Grain Yield on Common Bean Cultivars with Different Growth Cycles

The common bean can obtain nitrogen (N) from the decomposition of the soil organic matter, mineral fertilizers, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of nodulation parameters related to BNF throughout the development of common bean cultivars with different growth cycles. The experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2012 and 2013) with 22 common bean cultivars with different growth cycles. The common bean cultivars were inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium tropici strains (SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080, and SEMIA 4088). In 2012, samplings were performed from the V4 to the R8 stage, and the parameters related to nodulation and crop growth were evaluated at each stage and in the R9 stage, the grain yield and its components were measured. For the 2013 experiment, the same evaluations were performed but the nodulation parameters were only measured in the R6 and the R7 stages. Differences in the number and activity of the nodules along the development of the cultivars were observed. For the early and semi-early cycle cultivars, the activity of the nodules was observed until the R7 stage, while for the regular and late cycle cultivars, this activity only occurred until the R6 stage, resulting in three more days of nodule activity for the early and semi-early cycle cultivars as compared to the regular and late ones. The number of nodules correlated significantly with the shoot dry weight and the shoot Total-N; while the nodules dry mass showed a significantly high correlation with both parameters. The overall mean grain yield was 2,766.75 kg ha^?1. However significant difference related solely to the various cultivars cycles were not observed.     

Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Common Bean Cultivars in Ethiopia

Phosphorus (P) deficiency in the soil is one of the major factors limiting common bean production in Ethiopia. A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse at Hawassa University in southern Ethiopia to evaluate twelve common bean cultivars for P use efficiency at three phosphorus rates (0, 120, and 240 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1). The results of the study revealed that the interaction effect of cultivar and P rates significantly (P < 0.01) influenced grain yield efficiency index (GYEI), grain yield and yield attributing traits, leaf P concentration, root length, diameter and surface area. Grain yield efficiency index at low and medium phosphorus rates indicated that Red-Wolaita, Dinkinesh, Tabour, Nasir and Haramaya are P-efficient, whereas Chore was found to be P-inefficient. These genotypic variations could be exploited for sustainable production of the crop by fitting suitable varieties to soils with variable P availability. Thus, the P-efficient cultivars indicated above could be recommended for cultivation by smallholder farmers in soil with low P availability that is dominant in the study area.     

Phytotoxic Effect of Landfill Leachate with Different Pollution Indexes on Common Bean

The degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution by microwave irradiation in the presence of granular-active carbon (GAC) was investigated. It was found that a synergistic rather than an additive effect of microwave irradiation and GAC contributes to the high-degradation efficiency. The ultraviolet and visible spectrum (UV–vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were conducted to trace the MO degradation process. It was demonstrated that the decrease in performance of GAC after repetitive use is largely attributed to the adsorption of some intermediate products on the surface of GAC. The regeneration of the spent GAC under microwave radiation was also investigated. The results show that the activity of spent GAC can be effectively recovered by microwave radiation and 74.1 % of its initial activity remains after six reaction cycles.     

PH—Postharvest Technology: Dielectric Properties of Common Bean

This paper discusses the variation of relative permittivity, dielectric loss factor, loss tangent, and a.c. conductivity of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., variety Campeão-3 from 75 kHz to 5 MHz. Included are curves showing the variation of these dielectric properties on moisture and bulk density. The variation of relative permittivity on frequency, moisture content, and density was more regular compared to the behaviour of the other dielectric properties in that it continuously increases with moisture and bulk density and decreases with frequency. The conclusion is that of all dielectric properties the relative permittivity should provide less error in common bean moisture content determination.     

不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤理化特性研究

通过比较不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤理化性质,分析了不同种植年限苜蓿地土壤质量的变化,并分析了各苜蓿地土壤理化性质在耕层垂直分布上的变化。结果表明,苜蓿种植时间的长短对土壤理化性质影响程度不同,总体表现是苜蓿种植时间越长,对土壤理化性质影响越大。不同种植年限苜蓿地有机质和全量养分在耕层垂直分布均无差异,而速效养分和容重等特性随苜蓿种植时间的增长,层次之间的差距愈明显     

Comparison of Starch Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Rice Cultivars with Different Hardening Rates

The objective of this study was to investigate the starch characteristics of a novel waxy rice cultivar Hitachimochi 36 (H36) with an extremely slow hardening rate of waxy rice cake and the relationships between starch physicochemical properties and texture of waxy rice cake. Starch isolated from H36 showed significantly higher digestibility than that from other waxy rice cultivars, and the starch digestibility highly correlated with the starch crystallinity. The compressive force of the starch gel prepared from H36 was significantly lower than that from other cultivars when stored at 5°C for five days, which reflected the differences in endothermic enthalpies corresponding to retrograded amylopectin. Various textural parameters of cooked waxy rice cake prepared from H36 were also remarkably different from those of cooked waxy rice cake prepared from other waxy rice cultivars. The cooked waxy rice cake prepared from H36 exhibited the lowest compressive force and breaking force by tensile and rupture tests, respectively. The analysis of amylopectin chain length distribution indicated that amylopectin of H36 contained higher proportions of the short chains. The difference in amylopectin chain length distribution and lower crystallinity of starch contributed to the unique textural properties of waxy rice cake prepared from H36.     

水分调控对两种筋力型小麦品种籽粒淀粉糊化特性的影响

在池栽、防雨条件下，研究了不同灌水对两种筋力型小麦品种淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明，两种筋力型品种间淀粉粘度参数差异达0．01显著水平，强筋型品种豫麦34稀懈值、糊化温度低于弱筋型品种豫麦50，而最终粘度、反弹值、高峰粘度和低谷粘度大于豫麦50。水分调控对两种筋力型品种淀粉糊化特性有显著的影响，豫麦50主要粘度参数以灌4水处理和抽穗期灌1水处理较好，灌拔节1水处理较差；而豫麦34以灌1水处理较好，灌4水处理较差，其中拔节期灌1水与抽穗期灌1水差异不显著。分析两品种粘度参数之间的关系，豫麦50主要粘度参数间达显著相关水平，而豫麦34多数粘度参数间相关不显著，在栽培措施上豫麦50比豫麦34具有同步提高淀粉品质的可能性。     

Salt Tolerance of Four Potato Cultivars

Abstract

Tests are needed to evaluate the salt tolerance of new and untested potato cultivars under various cultural conditions. Two lysimeter experiments were conducted in two seasons to investigate the influence of irrigation water salinity on tuber yields of four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (Spunta, Alpha, Cara, and King Edward). Four salinity levels [EC_w 0.53 (control), 3.13, 6.25, and 9.38 dS m^?1] established by adding NaCI to fresh water, were used. Increasing irrigation water salinity reduced significantly total and average tuber yield for all cultivars in both seasons. Cara cultivar produced the highest tuber yield of all cultivars in both seasons. The salt tolerance curves of the potato cultivars in both seasons revealed that tolerant rating of the four cultivars can be assigned as follows: Cara > Alpha > Spunta > King Edward. The polynomial cubic equations developed for the four potato cultivars in fall and summer seasons were successful in predicting potato tuber yields response to irrigation water salinity.     

不同中薯系列马铃薯淀粉组成与理化性质的差异分析

为分析不同品种马铃薯淀粉组成与理化性质的差异,本研究以15个不同品种中薯系列马铃薯为原料提取淀粉,并对其组成和理化性质进行了检测及相关性分析。光学显微镜和扫描电镜结果表明,马铃薯淀粉颗粒的粒径分布范围广,颗粒形貌存在差异,小颗粒多为卵圆形,大颗粒多为椭圆形、拉长形以及不规则形。不同马铃薯淀粉的理化性质存在显著差异,其溶解度、膨润力范围分别为25.92%~28.74%,4.90~6.26 g·g^-1;糊化初始温度(T_o)、峰值温度(T_p)、终止温度(T_c)、糊化焓值(ΔH)范围分别为61.44~65.55℃、64.49~68.69℃、67.87~72.54℃、7.21~13.49 J·g^-1;峰值黏度、衰减值、回生值范围分别为2 499.3~3 220.4、514.0~2 218.4、401.0~884.1 BU。相关性分析结果表明,马铃薯淀粉中磷含量与峰谷黏度呈显著正相关,与溶解度呈显著负相关;平均粒径D[4,3]与短程有序参数1 045/1 022 cm^-1 和1 022/995 cm^-1均呈显著正相关;T_o与峰值黏度呈显著负相关;糊化温度与峰值黏度和崩解值均呈显著负相关,与峰谷黏度、最终黏度和回生值均呈显著正相关。本研究结果可为中薯系列马铃薯淀粉在食品加工中的应用提供科学依据。