品种和栽培措施对马铃薯抗冻的影响

在长沙地区对不同马铃薯品种和栽培措施进行抗冻对比试验,结果表明:品种为抗冻主因素,小区马铃薯产量均值最高为费乌瑞它15 731.03 kg/hm~2,其次是中薯5号,为12 821.24 kg/hm~2,东农303最低,仅281.64 kg/hm~2;采用稻草覆盖栽培,费乌瑞它产量最高,为19 609.8 kg/hm~2,比中薯5号增产25.28%,东农303仅为319.65 kg/hm~2,认为费乌瑞它抗冻性最强,栽培措施宜选用稻草覆盖栽培。     

冬种马铃薯稻草包芯栽培的生长发育特性及其生理特征

南方冬种马铃薯区推广的稻草覆盖栽培有多种方式,应用前景较大。为探讨冬种马铃薯稻草包芯栽培增产机理,以无覆盖稻草(裸地)为对照,研究了稻草包芯栽培与稻草免耕覆盖栽培马铃薯的生长发育及其生理特性。结果表明,包芯栽培为每667m2产量1727.8kg,比对照增产12.04%。从产量构成因素看,其高产优势缘于该栽培方式具有较高的平均单株薯块重和薯块数,而光合能力强、根系活力高、生物产量高是其高产的生理基础,具体表现为叶面积、光合势、根系活力和生物产量分别比对照增加39.1%、68.3%、36.3%和63.7%。稻草包芯栽培操作简便,稻草用量少,农民易接受。包芯后减少杂草,保水增温,疏松土层,能有效减少裂薯率和绿薯率,提高商品率,增产显著,综合表现良好,适于在福建等南方冬种区推广。     

马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培与传统栽培比较研究

为探索马铃薯稻草免耕栽培增产机理,我们开展了马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培与传统栽培比较研究。结果表明,与传统栽培相比,稻草覆盖免耕栽培马铃薯薯皮光滑,块茎大小整齐,出苗率高,株高和叶片数较多,中、后期植株生长速度明显加快。分枝数多、单株块茎重和大薯率高是马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培增产的主要原因。     

稻田免耕、稻草全程覆盖马铃薯栽培新技术

2002年我站根据中国水稻研究所有关稻田免耕、稻草全程覆盖马铃薯栽培新技术的试验报道,结合安溪县具体情况,在城厢镇光德村进行冬种试验.试验品种紫花851、克新3号,播种期2002年11月27日,收获期2003年2月28日,全生育期92 d.经实地验收,紫花851每667 m2鲜薯产量1 831.3 kg;克新3号每667 m2鲜薯产量1438.8kg,安溪县稻田免耕、稻草全程覆盖马铃薯栽培新技术在泉州市首次试验成功.     

长沙地区春马铃薯不同栽培方式比较试验

以中熟加工型马铃薯品种大西洋为试验材料,进行了春马铃薯的地膜覆盖栽培、敞土常规栽培、地膜加小拱棚覆盖栽培、稻草覆盖栽培、稻草加地膜覆盖栽培、稻草加小拱棚覆盖栽培和稻草加地膜加小拱棚覆盖栽培,共7种不同栽培方式的比较试验。结果表明:稻草加地膜覆盖栽培无论是在出苗速率,还是在植株生长势、抗病性以及产量和商品薯率等综合方面明显优于其它几种栽培方式,与敞土常规栽培(CK)相比,增产明显,达到了324.2%;其次是稻草加小拱棚覆盖栽培,增产220.3%;而地膜覆盖栽培和稻草覆盖栽培,增产则较小,分别增产42.0%和27.1%。     

宁德市马铃薯不同稻草覆盖方式对比试验

为明确稻草包芯栽培的增产效果,以紫花851为供试材料,进行了稻草覆盖免耕、稻草包芯等不同栽培方式产量、效益及其商品性的比较。结果表明,马铃薯不同覆盖栽培方式对产量、效益、商品性影响不同,稻草覆盖免耕栽培处理与当地普通栽培处理相比,产量、效益差异达极显著水平,具增产增效、省工省力等优点;稻草包芯栽培处理与当地普通栽培处理相比,产量、效益差异也达显著水平,具有增产增效、操作简便、节省稻草等优点,并较好地解决了稻田土壤板结不利于薯块膨大和裂缝引起绿薯的问题,可扩大示范推广。     

天水市山旱地马铃薯不同栽培方式试验

通过马铃薯不同栽培方式试验研究,选择适宜天水市山旱地马铃薯主栽品种天薯10号获得高产的有效配套栽培技术模式。结果表明:马铃薯不同地膜覆盖相比对照能提早出苗、成熟,表现出较好的抗旱保墒性和增产效应,增产率60.0%～96.7%。黑膜半膜覆盖栽培下的产量最高,为22 969 kg/hm2,比露地栽培增产11 297 kg/hm2,增产率为96.7%;商品薯率、株高、单株薯重、纯收入最高,生育期最长,病害较轻。     

万载县冬种稻草覆盖免耕马铃薯不同品种筛选试验

江西省马铃薯种植开始广泛应用冬种稻草覆盖免耕栽培技术,为探索适合该技术种植的马铃薯品种,试验以10个马铃薯品种为材料,采用稻草覆盖免耕栽培方式播种种植,调查各品种的生育期、薯块特性以及产量.结果表明:由于2010年两次低温霜冻天气,各品种出苗率受到不同程度的影响,但均达到了96%以上,而生育期也比正常年份推迟20d左右...     

马铃薯稻草黑膜覆盖免耕栽培试验

马铃薯稻草覆盖免耕栽培需用稻草量大,为解决免耕稻草用量大的困难,进行了稻草黑膜覆盖免耕栽培试验的探索。试验田不经翻耕犁耙,摆种施肥后,覆盖10cm厚的稻草和覆盖3cm少量稻草加黑色农膜的两个免耕种植对比试验。结果表明:稻草+黑膜覆盖免耕比单用稻草覆盖的免耕栽培,稻草用量减少2/3,萌芽出苗和收获都提早16d,增产20.87%,每667m2节本增收576.14元,效果显著。     

稻田冬种马铃薯不同覆盖物免耕栽培初报

以冬种马铃薯品种费鸟瑞它为试验材料,进行4种不同冬种马铃薯栽培方式的比较试验．探讨不同覆盖物对冬种马铃薯产量等的影响。结果表明：翻耕的出苗期最早：不同处理中以免耕覆盖稻草8cm的总产量和单株产量最高。因此．生产上采用免耕稻草覆盖8cm或免耕覆盖稻草2cm后盖玉米秸秆栽培方式．可提高马铃薯的产量。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.