化学诱抗剂在控制甜瓜采后病害中的应用及其作用机制的研究进展

介绍了化学诱抗剂在甜瓜果实采后病害控制中的应用,分别从活性氧代谢、苯丙烷代谢、细胞结构及病程相关蛋白四个方面综述化学诱抗剂对甜瓜果实采后贮藏病害的作用机制,并重点从分子生物学层面对化学诱抗剂控制甜瓜果实采后贮藏病害作用机制的研究进行了展望,以期为防控甜瓜采后病害,延长其贮藏期提供理论基础和技术参考。     

能量亏缺对果蔬采后组织衰老、褐变与病害的影响

本文综述了能量亏缺与果蔬采后组织衰老过程中呼吸代谢异常、活性氧代谢失调、细胞膜系统伤害以及组织褐变、病害发生等关系的国内外研究进展,讨论了不同贮藏方法对果蔬采后能量代谢的影响及其在延缓组织衰老、褐变和减轻病害中的应用,旨在为控制采后果蔬组织衰老、褐变及病害提供参考。     

草莓采后灰霉病控制研究进展

介绍了草莓灰霉病菌的生物学特性,从物理防治、化学防治和生物防治三个方面综述了草莓采后灰霉病控制方法的研究进展,以期为草莓采后灰霉病的控制方法和研究方向提供参考。     

病程相关蛋白在采后果蔬诱导抗病性中的研究进展

果蔬受到真菌、细菌或病毒侵染时,自身能诱导产生病程相关蛋白(Pathogenesis-related proteins,PRs)。根据它们的结构亲缘关系和生物活性,PRs被分为17个功能家族。在控制果蔬采后病害的研究中,利用激发子诱导产生果蔬抗性已逐渐成为果蔬采后病害防治中一种安全、高效的保鲜方法,这也成为果蔬采后抗病研究的热点和发展趋势。本文综述了果蔬病程相关蛋白的分类、功能、诱导表达,以及蛋白组学技术在果蔬采后PRs表达水平上的应用,以期为果蔬病程相关蛋白的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

鸭梨果实采后逆境伤害发生机理的研究进展

对国内外鸭梨采后贮藏中出现的逆境伤害(果实褐变)现象,生产中的防治技术措施,以及发生机理方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

库尔勒香梨采后果实褐变机理及控制途径

库尔勒香梨采后果实褐变,不仅与酚类物质和多酚氧化酶（PPO）含量、分布有关,而且还与细胞膜结构变化密切相关。本文对库尔勒香梨果实褐变机理、控制途径及技术问题进行综述。     

Simulation of Concrete Meso-Failure Process with Meso Element Equivalent Method

综述了桃果实的采后贮藏特性及贮运中容易出现的软化、低温伤害、果肉褐变与絮败、风味丧失及腐烂等品质劣变发生机理的研究进展,从低温、气调、冰温、减压、变温贮藏和外源物质处理等多方面介绍了其预防技术的研究现状,并展望了桃果实保鲜技术研究的未来发展趋势。     

二苯胺控制采后果蔬生理病害的机制

二苯胺是一种常用于控制苹果虎皮病的抗氧化剂,并且在控制其他果蔬的采后生理病害上也有一定效果。本文综述了二苯胺在控制青花椒冷害、苹果虎皮病、鸭梨黑心病及其他果蔬采后生理病害的作用机理和应用现状,探讨了二苯胺结合低氧、1—MCP及热处理等其他采后处理方法增强效果的可能性,提出今后二苯胺应用于控制果蔬贮藏期生理病害的研究方向。     

Control of postharvest diseases on citrus fruit by preharvest applications of biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2: Part II. Effectiveness of different cell formulations

Infection of citrus fruit by postharvest pathogens often occurs in the field prior to harvest; therefore, it could be advantageous to apply biocontrol agents before harvest, which would reduce initial infection and then remain active and control pathogens in storage and under commercial conditions. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different formulations of Pantoea agglomerans applied preharvest for controlling postharvest diseases on citrus. Results confirmed the protective effect of the additive Fungicover (FC) on populations of P. agglomerans exposed to non-conducive field conditions. In general, when osmotic-adapted and lyophilised P. agglomerans cells were used in bacterial treatments, these treatments showed greater survival rates than treatments with non-osmotic-adapted or fresh cells under field conditions. However, this superiority was only found when Fungicover was also added to suspensions of bacterial treatments. Therefore, bacterial treatments with Fungicover had population levels of P. agglomerans cells 1.2 and 2.8 log CFU cm⁻² higher than bacterial treatments without Fungicover during field experiments. These results allowed us to conclude that it is possible to improve environmental stress tolerance and ecological competence of P. agglomerans cells by integrating certain formulation strategies. Consequently, the improved formulation of P. agglomerans provided an effective control for orange fruit against natural postharvest pathogen infections and artificial infections of Penicillium digitatum with values of decay reduction higher than 50%. These latter results also demonstrated that it is possible to control postharvest pathogens using bacterial preharvest treatments.     

库尔勒香梨采后果实褐变与多酚氧化酶、酚类物质及细胞膜结构的关系

库尔勒香梨果实褐变是贮藏中经常发生的一种生理病害,与酚类底物和多酚氧化酶（PPO）含量、分布有关,还与细胞膜结构变化密切相关。对库尔勒香梨果实褐变机理及防止措施进行了较深的研究,结果表明：在气调贮藏中,库尔勒香梨果实褐变指数与多酚氧化酶（PPO）含量成正相关,与酚类底物含量成负相关,与细胞膜相对电导率成正相关。     

Progress in the Development and Control of Physiological Disorders of Citrus Peel

This is a brief introduction to physiological disorders of citrus peel, these disorders include chilling injury, pitting, oleocellesis, peteca, etc. The authors not only introduce the symptoms both pre - and postharvest, physiological mechanisms, influencing factors and controlling methods of these disorders, but also discuss the connection between them. It is useful for defining physiological disorders on citrus peel and enhancing knowledge of the fundamental causes of these disorders.     

柑橘采后生理及病害研究进展

柑橘采后仍是活的有机体,由于切断了树体的营养供给,其果实品质和生理代谢等发生了重大变化。本文综述柑橘采后生理代谢(水分、营养、呼吸作用和酶活性等)的变化、生理病害(枯水病、褐斑病、冷害等)及病害防治技术(控制温度、热处理、保鲜剂处理、气调贮藏、涂膜处理、臭氧处理等)的研究进展,并指出进一步的研究方向。     

Ethylene control in cut flowers: Classical and innovative approaches

Ethylene-mediated premature floral senescence and petal or flower abscission affect postharvest longevity of several species used as cut flowers. Exposure to exogenous or endogenously produced ethylene can be controlled in several ways. These include the use of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors or ethylene action inhibitors, and ethylene removal technologies. In addition, genetic modification can be very effective in controlling ethylene synthesis and perception. We review here the potential for applications of nanotechnology to control ethylene levels and postharvest management in the flower industry. Already, nanosponges have been shown to enhance efficacy of the ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP in several flower species. In carnation, 1-MCP included in nanosponges also allowed better control of Botrytis cinerea damage. However other applications are also considered based on successes in the use of this technology to increase agricultural production and decrease postharvest waste. Nano-metal based sensors could be used for detection of ethylene in the store and to label the product along the distribution chain. Furthermore, nanocomposites could be included as scavengers for ethylene removal in active packaging, and nanocatalysts could promote ethylene catalytic degradation in the warehouse. Nanoparticles could also be introduced into a new generation of packaging to control effects of gases and UV, and increase strength, quality and packaging appearance. This review highlights recent results on the use of nanotechnology sensu lato and potential application for cut flower vase life improvement, focusing on ethylene control strategies.     

采后热处理技术在果蔬贮藏保鲜上的应用

概述了热处理在果蔬贮藏保鲜研究和实践中的应用。研究涉及热处理对果蔬硬度、风味、颜色和失重等贮藏品质的影响，以及对果蔬呼吸强度、乙烯及相关酶、保护酶和蛋白质合成等生理生化的影响，果蔬贮藏保鲜中热处理可以控制果蔬虫害、果蔬采后病害以及减轻果蔬的冷害，提出了热处理在果蔬贮藏保鲜方面的应用前景。     

Postharvest application of gum arabic and essential oils for controlling anthracnose and quality of banana and papaya during cold storage

Management of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is the most important issue for the tropical fruit industry because of resulting financial losses. Antifungal effects of gum arabic (GA) (10%), lemongrass oil (LG) (0.05%), cinnamon oil (CM) (0.4%), and their combinations were investigated in vitro and in vivo for controlling postharvest anthracnose of banana and papaya. LG at 0.05% and 0.4% CM showed fungicidal effects against Colletotrichum musae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causal organisms of banana and papaya anthracnose, respectively. GA alone did not show any fungicidal effects while the combination of 0.05% LG and 0.4% CM with Ten percent GA alone showed more fungicidal effects. However, potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium modified with 10% GA combined with 0.4% CM showed the most promising results among all treatments against C. musae and C. gloeosporioides in suppressing the mycelial growth (73.4%) and (70.0%) and spore germination inhibition (88%) and (85%), respectively. In vivo studies also revealed that 10% GA combined with 0.4% CM was the optimal concentration in controlling decay (80%) and (71%), showing a synergistic effect in the reduction of C. musae and C. gloeosporioides, respectively, in artificially inoculated bananas and papayas. The results regarding quality evaluation also confirmed the efficacy of 10% GA combined with 0.4% CM coatings since ripening was significantly delayed, in terms of percentage weight loss, fruit firmness, soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity. The results suggest the possibility of using 10% gum arabic combined with 0.4% cinnamon oil as a biofungicide for controlling postharvest anthracnose in major tropical fruit such as banana and papaya.     

Where systems biology meets postharvest

According to the dictionary, a system is something like “a group or combination of interrelated, interdependent, or interacting elements forming a collective entity”. In postharvest, fresh harvested food crops can be considered isolated small scale systems. Postharvest research aims to understand the quality of these ‘systems’ as influenced by postharvest conditions. The phenotypic quality of horticultural produce is based on genetic traits that are expressed through a cascade of reactions subject to complex regulatory mechanisms and diverse environmental conditions. Ultimately, to fully understand postharvest phenomena, a systemic approach that links genetic and environmental responses and identifies the underlying biological networks is required. Thanks to the development of high throughput omics techniques such system-wide approaches have become a viable option to support traditional postharvest research. This review provides an overview of systems biology and how it can lead postharvest research into a new era.     

The fruit cuticle as a modulator of postharvest quality

The composition and structure of fruit surface tissues have a noticeable influence on the postharvest storage potential of fruit, inasmuch as they behave as a barrier against drying, chemical attack, mechanical injuries and microbial infection. The cuticle is made of cutin, a biological insoluble polyester, embedded in an impermeable wax complex, and its inner side interacts intimately with the underlying epidermal cell walls. The cuticle plays a decisive role in plant development, being the first communication system with the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Published reports on the composition and biosynthesis of fruit cuticles are comparatively scarce, and many knowledge gaps exist on the part cuticles play in quality determination and postharvest performance. This review aims at collecting available information in relation to the role of the fruit cuticle as a determinant factor of some important traits related to postharvest quality, including water loss, susceptibility to physical and biological stresses, and decreased fruit firmness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published work focusing on the fruit cuticle as a major modulator of postharvest quality and interlinking existing dispersed literature on this topic. A deeper understanding of cuticle structure and function will be of help in understanding postharvest biology and in designing new technological solutions.     

Timing and sequence of postharvest fungicide and biocontrol agent applications for control of pear decay

Postharvest decay of pear fruit often originates at small wounds that occur during harvest and handling. Experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of timing of application of postharvest decay control materials, and to evaluate sequential postharvest applications of fungicides or fungicides and biocontrol agents. Fungicides and biocontrol agents were increasingly less effective when the period between harvest and application was prolonged. Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied to fruit without artificial wounding or inoculation effectively reduced decay when applied within 3 weeks or 6 weeks in 2 years of study. TBZ, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil were effective in controlling decay at artificial wounds inoculated with Penicillium expansum up to 14 d after inoculation. Application of TBZ at harvest followed 3 weeks later by application of fludioxonil was superior to application of TBZ at harvest alone. Three yeast and one bacterial biocontrol agents reduced decay at pear wounds inoculated with P. expansum up to 14 d after inoculation with P. expansum, but were ineffective when applied at 28 d after inoculation. Of possible sequential arrangements of fungicide and biocontrol treatments, application of the most effective material promptly after harvest generally resulted in the highest level of decay control.     

The impact of biological variation on postharvest behaviour: The case of dynamic temperature conditions

The postharvest handling chain is characterised by temperature conditions that are generally not constant throughout the chain. On top of this, postharvest research is dealing with large sources of biological variation. This paper outlines a general model approach of how to account for the propagation of biological variation when analysing experimental postharvest data gathered at dynamic temperature conditions. The proposed technique was applied to experimental data on colour change of tomatoes cv. ‘Tradiro’. The previously developed multivariate stochastic approach was combined with a transformation of real time into physiological time to account for the effect of dynamic temperature conditions. The developed model has the capability to describe the complex batch behaviour showing propagation of biological variation in tomato colour as a function of time and dynamically changing temperature during postharvest storage. This makes the current approach extremely suitable for application in real life situations when evaluating and optimising a logistic handling chain.     

Asymptotic solution of coupled thermal-solutal capillary convection in a shallow annular pool of two components solution

在概述目前枇杷采后主要病害及其防治方法的基础上．综述了采后枇杷复合处理保鲜技术的研究进展,并进一步提出采后枇杷贮藏保鲜技术研究的发展方向,为采后枇杷贮藏技术的推广及应用提供理论依据。