小麦抗白粉病基因Pm6的微卫星标记鉴定

 Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a prevalent disease worldwide. Breeding and planting resistance cultivars have been proved effective and environmental friendly for control of the disease. To develop easily used PCR-based markers in marker assisted selection (MAS) for Pm6, a dominant powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat, 25 microsatellite markers on chromosome 2BL in wheat were screened between susceptible parent Yumai13 and resistance parent Timgalen carrying Pm6. F₂ population derived from Yumai13 and Timgalen was further analyzed by the marker Xgwm501. The results indicated that Xgwm501 was a co-dominant marker linked to Pm6 gene at a distance of 14.8 cM. 29 Pm-carrying varieties were tested by the marker Xgwm501 and only those carrying Pm6 showed 117 bp resistance specific band. This marker is proved to have high practicability and can be used in MAS of Pm6 gene in wheat breeding programs.     

亚麻品系9801-1对白粉病的抗性遗传分析

 The genetics of resistance against powdery mildew in flax was analyzed. The F₁ plants from reciprocal cross of resistant materials 9801-1 and three susceptible cultivars ILONA, VENUS and DIANE were resistant to powdery mildew. The ratio of resistant and susceptible plants in F₂ generation fitted the excepted 3 to 1. It was postulated that 9801-1 carded a single dominant and resistant gene.     

基于小麦白粉病菌rDNA ITS序列的PCR分子检测

 Wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici) is the one of main wheat diseases in China.Based on the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequences of ribosome of B.graminis f.sp.tritici,three molecular primer pairs(F1/R,F2/R and F3/R) were designed to detect the fungal pathogen of wheat powdery mildew.The species specificity of these primers was confirmed.F1/R was demonstrated a higher sensitivity than the other two primer pairs,and could detect as low as 1 pg DNA of B.graminis f.sp.tritici.Furthermore,F1/R primer pair was used to detect the pathogen DNA extracted from wheat leaves showing chlorosis and typical symptoms of powdery mildew caused by artificial inoculation with B.graminis f.sp.tritici.The preliminary results demonstrated the usefulness of this primer pair and its potential applications in efficient detection of wheat powdery mildew pathogen from leaves with latent infections at early growth stages of wheat.     

小麦-滨麦易位系M8657-1抗条锈病基因遗传分析和分子标记

 M8657-1, one of the wheat translocation lines derived from Leymus mollis Trin. Hara, is possessed of effective resistance at all stages to Su-ll and other dominant races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in China. Seedlings of the parents, F₁, and F₂ progeny derived from the cross of M8657-1 (resistant) Mingxian169 (susceptible) were inoculated with Su-ll in greenhouse to identify and map the probable new stripe rust resistance gene. The results suggested that the stripe rust resistance in M8657-1 was conferred by a pair of recessive genes. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) technique was used to detect molecular marker associated with the resistance gene:208 pairs of wheat SSR primers were used to screen the two parents, as well as resistant and susceptible bulks and then three SSR markers were selected for genotyping the F₂ population. The geue, temporarily designated as YrLml, was found to be located on the chromosome 7DL and flanked by three SSR markers GDM67, WMC150 and WMC671, with the genetic distance of 5.0, 9.7 and 11.8cM, respectively.     

不同硅制剂水培处理对小麦白粉病的作用效果及其机理的初步研究

 The effect of silica nano-particles, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium silicate in solution culture on wheat powdery mildew and its action mechanism to pathogen attack were studied. The results showed that wheat seedlings cultured in nutrient solution with silicon compounds alleviated wheat powdery mil-dew, the control efficacies of TEOS and sodium silicate treatments were 54.08% and 51.36%, respectively, but that of silica nano-particles treatment was only 1.02%. Scanning electron micrograph and X-ray energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDX) showed that wheat leaves cultured in nutrient solution with TEOS and sodium silicate had more silicon deposition than that of silica nano-particles. It indicated that wheat possessed the equal good imbibe ability to TEOS and sodium silicate, but poor to silicate nano-particles. When wheat leaves were infected with Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici, silicon might has a physical prohibition effect to pathogen spore penetration.     

一个二粒小麦LRR类受体蛋白激酶基因的克隆和鉴定

 Near the HMW-glutenin gene of wheat (Triticum aestivum), there is a locus (temporarily named TaXa) encoding LRR-receptor-like protein kinase, which is homologous to disease resistance protein Xa21 of rice (Oryza sativa). Through RT-PCR approach, a cDNA clone of ZS2002 was isolated from the orthologous locus of TaXa in Triticum turgidum. ZS2002 was 3 081 bp long and encoding a peptide composed of 1 026 amino acid. The protein included N-terminal conserved sequence, LRR domains, a transmembrane region and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. ZS2002 was expressed in root, stem, leaf and spike. The transcribing in seedling leaves was significantly enhanced by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. TaXa gene might play a role in powdery mildew resistance reaction in Triticum.     

普通小麦-华山新麦草易位系H9020-1-6-8-3抗条锈病基因的遗传分析和SSR标记

 It have proved that wheat translocation line H9020-1-6-8-3 derived from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng is an important resistant resource to stripe rust.To confirm the existence of resistant genes,it was crossed with susceptible cultivar MingXian 169 as male and female parent,respectively.Seedlings of parents and F₂ progeny were tested for resistance to selected CY29 of races of Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici from China.H9020-1-6-8-3 had one dominant resistant gene which temporarily named YrHs,whatever it was male or female parent.By using BSA method,two markers,Xgwm261 and Xgwm455 located on 2DL were found.The distance to YrHs were 4.3 and 5.8 cM respectively.The result could be used in molecular-assisted breeding.     

黄瓜-酸黄瓜渐渗系霜霉病抗性及感病前后几种酶活性的变化

 Using resistant and susceptible cultivars as controls, the resistant evaluation to Pseudoperonospora cubensis was carried out in 12 introgression lines from wide cross between cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) and sour cucumber(Cucumis hystrix Chakr.). Three enzyme activities including POD, SOD and PAL were analyzed before and 7 d after inoculation, and the POD isozyme was detected by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The inoculation results showed that, of the 12 accessions, 3 were identified as high resistant, 5 were moderately resistant and 4 were moderately susceptible to downy mildew. The enzyme activities of POD, SOD and PAL were greatly increased in resistant accessions after inoculation. PAL enzyme activities showed close correlation with disease rating before or after inoculation, which implicated that PAL enzyme activity might be used to estimate the resistance to downy mildew. POD isozyme electrophoresis showed that the number and intensity for the bands of resistant lines were significantly increased more than those of susceptible lines after inoculation.     

2008年我国部分麦区小麦白粉病菌群体对温度的敏感性

 The sensitivity of 113 isolates of wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) sampled from 6 provinces or cities in 2008 to temperature was tested by detached leaf segment method with setting up 5 different temperatures indoor. The results showed the mean ET₅₀ (which represents the temperature that is required to obtain 50% of the maximum effect) of all isolates tested was 23.02℃. ET₅₀ values of 17.70% isolates were more than 24℃. The highest and the lowest ET₅₀ of isolates were 25.22℃ and 19.42℃, respectively. There were a certain differences for isolates sensitivity to temperature among different provinces or cites. It was also found that when temperature increased during 22-26℃, the latent period of isolates prolonged, and the latent period of different isolates was different at the same temperature, too. These results will provide a reference for the oversummering division of wheat powdery mildew, as well as the effect of climate to the disease.     

亚麻品系9801-1抗白粉病基因的RAPD标记

 F2 populations were obtained from the cross between 9801-1 and DIANE.Bulked segregate and RAPD analyses were employed to identify molecules linked to the resistance to powdery mildew.OPP02 amplified about 792 bp polymorphic band in all individuals from 9801-1 and resistant bulk,but absent in all individuals from DIANE and susceptible bulk.By further analysis in F2 segregating population,the polymorphic band was found to be cosegregated with the resistant gene possibly.The fragment was sequenced,     

2011—2014年河南省小麦白粉菌群体毒性结构分析

<正>小麦白粉病是小麦生产上的重要病害,在我国各主要麦区均有发生。上世纪70年代后期以来,随着小麦矮秆品种的推广、水肥条件的改善和小麦白粉病单一抗源的利用,再加上小麦白粉菌生理小种高度变异等因素的影响,导致小麦白粉病的发病面积和危害程度维持在一个较高的水平。国际上普遍采用的是基于小麦     

小麦农家种红蚰麦抗白粉病遗传分析及SSR分子标记

 为明确小麦农家种红蚰麦抗白粉病的遗传基础,对红蚰麦和豫麦13的杂交F₂代群体进行了遗传分析,结果表明红蚰麦携带1对显性的抗白粉病基因(暂命名为Pmhym)。利用SSR标记和F₂代分离群体分组分析法,将该基因定位在7B染色体的长臂上,与3个微卫星标记Xwmc232、Xgwm577和Xwmc526连锁,遗传距离分别是14.3、25.6和57.2cM。分子标记分析表明该基因不同于已有被定位在7BL上的Pm5系列复等位基因,因而推测Pmhym是1个新的抗白粉病基因。上述结果将为开展Pmhym基因的精细定位奠定基础。     

83份西农系小麦品种（系）抗性鉴定及抗病基因分子检测

为西北农林科技大学小麦新育成品种（系）在黄淮麦区的大面积推广,该研究对83份西农新育成的小麦品种（系）进行苗期抗条锈病和白粉病鉴定,成株期抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病鉴定,并在田间自然环境下对其抗性进行鉴定及对相关抗病基因进行分子检测。结果显示,在苗期人工接种鉴定中,有63、29和16份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34表现出抗性,9份小麦品种（系）对3个条锈菌生理小种均表现出抗性;有10、3和0份小麦品种（系）分别对白粉菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici生理小种E15、E09和A13表现出抗性。在成株期人工接种鉴定中,有23、15、28和62份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中有6份在苗期和成株期均对小麦条锈病表现出抗性。在田间抗性鉴定中,有57、6、65和40份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病及叶锈病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中,3份含有Yr5基因,22份含有Yr9基因,3份含有Yr17基因,2份含有Pm24基因,14份含有Lr1基因,所占比例分别为3.6%、26.5%、3.6%、2.4%和16.8%。     

2002年部分麦区小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的抗药性监测及苯氧菌酯敏感基线的建立

 采用拌种离体叶段法测定了2002年采自北京、江苏、山东、山西、河北、新疆和四川7省市部分麦区的109个小麦白粉病菌菌株对三唑酮和苯氧菌酯的敏感性,结果表明小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮敏感性EC₅₀平均值是63.70 μg/mL,平均抗性水平为30.48倍,最高抗性水平达142.97倍。其中江苏、山东、四川三地的菌株抗药性水平明显高于河北、北京、山西和新疆。同时测得病菌群体对苯氧菌酯的敏感基线EC₅₀值为85.82μg/mL,且白粉病菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂苯氧菌酯和三唑类杀菌剂三唑酮之间无交互抗性。该结果可为这两类杀菌剂在生产上的合理应用和抗药性治理提供依据。     

湖北省小麦品种(系)对赤霉病、条锈病、白粉病和纹枯病的抗性评价

为了解湖北省小麦品种(系)的抗病性水平,对2001年以来湖北省审定的46个小麦品种和在湖北省进行区域试验的447份小麦品系进行赤霉病、条锈病、白粉病和纹枯病等4种主要病害的抗病性评价。结果表明:1)参试品系中有1份材料对赤霉病表现高抗,未发现对纹枯病表现高抗或免疫的材料;对赤霉病和纹枯病的平均抗性评价分值分别为14.30和3.49,介于中感和高感之间;对条锈病和白粉病的平均抗性评价分值分别为13.43和8.34,介于中抗和中感之间。2)审定品种的综合抗性水平不高,对条锈病的抗性评价分值为12.47,介于中抗和中感之间,对其他3种病害的抗性介于中感和高感之间;审定品种的单产呈增加趋势,株高在不断降低,生育期相应延长,综合抗病性也在增强。3)审定品种的综合抗病性与对条锈病抗性的相关系数最高,为0.738;对纹枯病的抗性与株高呈显著正相关,与单产呈显著负相关;对赤霉病的抗性与株高无显著相关。鉴于此,湖北省需加强抗病育种力度,同时应充分做好小麦病害的防控。     

抗白粉病小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的鉴定

 对从中间偃麦草与普通小麦品种烟农15杂交后代(BC₃F₆)中选育的双体异附加系山农Line15的形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学、基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)及RAPD进行鉴定分析.结果表明它的主要形态性状介于双亲之间;白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明山农Line15对白粉病高抗近免疫;根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,PMC MI染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ;以中间偃麦草总基因组DNA为探针的基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH),结果表明山农Line15是在小麦的遗传背景中附加了2条中间偃麦草染色体,为小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系;遗传分析表明山农Line15的抗白粉病基因基本上可以确定来源于中间偃麦草的染色体;RAPD分析表明:在供试的120个随机引物中有1个引物S170(-5'-ACA ACG CGA G-3'-)能在山农Line15中稳定地扩增出特异带型,可以作为山农Line15所附加的中间偃麦草染色体的特异分子标记.     

Main effects, epistasis, and environmental interactions of quantitative trait Loci for fusarium head blight resistance in a recombinant inbred population

ABSTRACT Chinese Spring Sumai 3 chromosome 7A disomic substitution line (CS-SM3-7ADS) is highly resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), and an F(7) population of recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross CS-SM3-7ADS x Annong 8455 was evaluated for resistance to FHB to investigate main effects, epistasis, and environmental interactions of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance. A molecular linkage map consists of 501 simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. A total of 10 QTLs were identified with significant main effects on the FHB resistance using MapQTL and QTLMapper software. Among them, CS-SM3-7ADS carries FHB-resistance alleles at five QTLs on chromosomes 2D, 3B, 4D, and 6A. One QTL on 3BS had the largest effect and explained 30.2% of the phenotypic variance. Susceptible QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 4A, and 4B. A QTL for enhanced FHB resistance was not detected on chromosome 7A of CS-SM3-7ADS; therefore, the increased FHB resistance in CS-SM3-7ADS was not due to any major FHB-resistance QTL on 7A of Sumai 3, but more likely was due to removal of susceptible alleles of QTLs on 7A of Chinese Spring. QTLMapper detected nine pairs of additive-additive interactions at 17 loci that explained 26% phenotypic variance. QTL-environment interactions explained 49% of phenotypic variation, indicating that the environments significantly affected the expression of the QTLs, especially these epistasis QTLs. Adding FHB-enhancing QTLs or removal of susceptible QTLs both may significantly enhance the degree of wheat resistance to FHB in a wheat cultivar.     

抗赤霉病普通小麦-大赖草易位系T5AS/5LrL的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

 大赖草作为小麦野生近缘植物,对赤霉病表现较好的抗性, 将其赤霉病抗性基因转入普通小麦, 对创新小麦赤霉病抗性种质有重要意义。本研究在获得抗赤霉病普通小麦-大赖草异附加系基础上, 采用1200R ⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理小麦-大赖草二体附加系 DA5Lr花粉, 授予已去雄的普通小麦中国春,对其后代(M1)种子根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体进行GISH分析,获得了1株具有1条普通小麦-大赖草易位染色体的植株,让其自交,对自交后代中具有2条易位染色体植株的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I进行观察,发现2条易位染色体形成了稳定的环状二价体,表明该植株为纯合体。利用顺序GISH-双色FISH分析,结合小麦D组专化探针Oligo-pAs1-2和B组专化探针Oligo-pSc119.2-2,进一步鉴定出该普通小麦-大赖草易位系为T5AS/5LrL,且筛选出了可追踪该易位系的3个EST-STS分子标记BE591127 、BQ168298和BE591737。赤霉病抗性鉴定结果表明,易位系T5AS/5LrL连续3年的病小穗率分别为7.69%、10.29%和8.66%,显著低于感病品种中国春和绵阳85-45。该易位系的育成为小麦赤霉病抗病性遗改良提供了新种质。     

陕西省115个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因的分子检测

 为掌握陕西省主栽与后备小麦品种对我国条锈菌的抗性水平,明确其抗锈基因分布,本研究选用条锈菌流行小种CYR32和新毒性小种V26对115份陕西省主栽和后备小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗病性鉴定,并分别利用抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr9(1B/1R)、Yr10、Yr18和Yr26的紧密连锁分子标记对这115份材料进行了分子检测。结果表明,供试小麦品种(系)中,抗CYR32的有61份,占53.04%;抗V26的有84份,占73.04%;对2个小种均抗病的有50份,占43.48%。分子检测发现115份材料均不含有Yr10;可能携带Yr9基因的有41份,占35.65%;可能含有Yr5、Yr18和Yr26的材料分别为3份、3份和2份,占2.61%、2.61%和1.74%。因此,当前陕西省主栽与后备小麦品种(系)对CYR32和V26的抗性整体水平还有待进一步提高,Yr9分布频率较高,而Yr5、Yr10、Yr18和Yr26分布频率较低,建议在以后小麦育种中减少Yr9的使用,加强利用Yr5和Yr18与其他有效基因聚合培育持久抗条锈病品种。     

小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抑制基因

 小麦-簇毛麦6VS. 6AL 易位染色体含有抗白粉病基因Pm21,在我国的小麦育种中被广泛应用。近年来,一些含有Pm21 基因的小麦品种(系)开始感染白粉病。为探索含Pm21 的品种(系)感染白粉病的原因,本研究在6VS. 6AL 易位系与小麦品系(种)R14 和川农12 的杂交后代中利用分子标记CINAU17-1086 和CINAU18-723 辅助选择的遗传背景相对简单的F7 和F8 近等基因系为材料,研究了小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗病性表达。结果发现,在3 个含有6VS. 6AL 易位染色体的感病F6 植株繁殖的F7 近等基因系中发生了白粉病抗性的分离,分离比率符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的理论值。在随机选取的F7 感病小麦单株所繁殖的F8 近等基因系中,有7 / 13 的株系一致地重感白粉病,有6 / 13 的株系发生了抗白粉病的分离,其中2 / 13 的株系分离比符合3 感病︰ 1 抗病、4 / 13 的株系分离比符合13 感病︰ 3 抗病的分离模式。这一结果指出,小麦株系中的抗白粉病基因Pm21 的抗性表达受小麦基因组中的一对显性抑制基因所控制,该基因来源于小麦品种(系)川农12或R14,建议命名为SuPm21。本研究指出,在把外源基因引入小麦的研究中,有利的外源基因与不含抑制基因的受体遗传资源同等重要。