翘嘴红鲌

名称翘嘴红鲌安徽大学生物系Erythroculter ilishaeformis(Bleeker)，属鲤形目、鲤科、鳊鲌亚科、红鳍鲌属。俗称大白鱼，亦有叫腰子、翘嘴鲌(安徽)、翘壳(四川)者。分布主要分布在我国东部，从黑龙江到海南岛的江河、湖泊、水库等水域都有。     

翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌形态特征及年龄与生长的研究

2005年12月对湖南津市西湖渔场采集的168尾翘嘴鲌和170尾蒙古鲌进行了形态特征及年龄与生长方面的研究。分别测定了其各种可数和可量性状,通过鳞片鉴定年龄,确定翘嘴鲌和蒙古鲌种群由1龄-6龄鱼组成。得出了两种鱼的形态特征,分析了体长、体重分布,年龄结构及体长、体重实测生长,并得到翘嘴鲌体长与体重的关系式为W=10^-2.1099L^3.0315（r=0．9900N=168）,蒙古鲌体长与体重的关系式为W=10^-1.8075L^2.8830（r=0．9319N=170）,用von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合,得翘嘴鲌Lt=82．2313（1-e^-0.2616（t-0.1964）,W=4960．8463（1-e^0.2616（t-0.1964）^3.0,体重生长拐点年龄约为ti=4．46a;蒙古鲌Lt=69．8625（1-e^0.2223（t＋0.1580）,Wt=3231．4675（1-e^0.2223（t＋0.1580）,体重生长拐点年龄约为ti=4．61a。     

兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的研究进展

兴凯湖翘嘴鲌主要分布在黑龙江省的兴凯湖,由于兴凯湖具有独特的地域和水域环境,使其在生理性状上形成一个独立的地理种群。文章着重介绍兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的渔业资源状况、生物学特性及研究现状,以促进对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的保护与开发。     

武湖翘嘴红鲌年龄和生长的研究

报道了武湖翘嘴红鲌的年龄生长特点.其渔获物中2+和3+龄个体占57.1%,体长以300～600mm为主,体长与鳞长之间呈直线相关L=6.1814+90.4837 R,体重与体长呈指数函数相关W=2.045 ×10-6L3.2585,3+龄以前生长最快,生长指标高,体长和体重的相对增长率大,其生长规律符合Von Bertalanffy方程L1=1 404.9(1-e-0.10(t+0.71)),W1=3.629×14(1-e-0.10(t+0.71))3.2585,捕捞3龄以上个体较为合理.     

兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的研究进展

兴凯湖翘嘴鲌是翘嘴鲌的一个地理种群,主要分布在中国黑龙江省的兴凯湖,由于兴凯湖具有独特的地域和水域环境,使其在生理性状上形成一个独立品种。本文着重介绍兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的渔业资源状况、生物学特性及研究现状,以促进对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌的保护与开发。     

贵州锦江翘嘴鲌的年龄、生长和资源利用研究

2015年1月至12月在沅江水系支流锦江采集翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)样本374尾,对其年龄、生长和资源利用情况进行了研究。其中,年龄结构通过对比鳞片、鳃盖骨、脊椎骨和微耳石,选择微耳石作为年龄判定材料,得到样本的年龄结构包括1~6龄,2龄为优势年龄组,占样本总数的51.9%。体长与体重的幂函数关系式为W=0.000 016L~(2.916 1)(R2=0.901 8,n=356)。采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合了体长、体重与年龄的关系,其表达式分别为:Lt=771.501 3[1-e-0.167 1(t+0.279 5)],Wt=4 206.127 4[1-e~(-0.167 1)(t+0.279 5)]2.916 1。生长拐点年龄ti=6.13龄,对应的体长507.1 mm,体重1 237.4 g。采样Pauly公式探讨了锦江翘嘴鲌的资源利用情况,其资源开发率为0.719 5/年,总死亡率1.170 8/年,自然死亡率0.328 4/年。当起捕体长为391.0 mm时,相对单位补充渔获量和生物量达到最大,分别为0.033 88和0.040 22,对应的年龄3.95龄,体重579.7 g。当前锦江翘嘴鲌处于过度开发状况,种群明显趋于低龄化、小型化状况,为切实有效保护锦江翘嘴鲌的野生资源,现阶段应从恢复种群的角度出发,建议最小起捕体长507.1 mm,体重1 237.4 g。     

酉水湘西段水产种质资源保护区翘嘴鲌资源现状及保护对策

主要阐述了酉水湘西段翘嘴鲌国家级水产种质资源区的基本情况、翘嘴鲌的资源价值及分布,并对该流域翘嘴鲌渔业资源的保护对策进行了探讨。     

翘嘴红鲌运输技术

在推广翘嘴红鲌人工养殖过程中,进行了多次运输试验,包括亲鱼、苗种和商品鱼等各阶段,运输成活率均达到或接近100%,探索出一套较为完善的运输技术。     

饲料不同蛋白水平对翘嘴鲌生长性能的影响

为了解翘嘴鲌对饲料中蛋白质的需求量,根据翘嘴鲌的体成分拟定饲料配方,设计了不同蛋白水平(蛋白质含量分别为34.46 %、37.20 %、38.82 %、41.5 %、43.58 %)的5种饲料,用以进行饲养试验,分别饲喂体质量相近(约1.2 g)的翘嘴鲌幼鱼。60 d后,测定每组幼鱼的生长性能(全长、体长、湿重、肌肉水分、粗蛋白及粗脂肪含量)。试验结果表明,翘嘴鲌的体长、全长、湿重随饲料蛋白水平的高低变化规律明显,蛋白水平为38.82 %的试验组,鱼的生长性能最佳。经回归分析得出的初步结论,并结合翘嘴鲌的生长和体蛋白积累情况,认为翘嘴鲌幼鱼饲料的适宜蛋白水平为39 %～40 %。     

翘嘴鲌研究及养殖概况

翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus Basilewsky)地方名翘嘴、鲌鱼、大白鱼等，属鲤科、鲌亚科、鲌属。广泛分布于我国诸多水系，在长江中下游、黑龙江流域等地属名贵经济鱼类，在太湖、兴凯湖、丹江口水库等水域中，是主要渔获物。20世纪70年代开始，     

翘嘴红鲌高效池塘混养技术

随着养殖技术的不断发展、养殖设施设备的不断改进,水产养殖产量大大提升,但也出现了丰产不丰收的现象,原因为池塘养殖品种单一、水体空间未充分利用.经多年养殖实践积累,笔者发现翘嘴红鲌与鳊鱼、鲫鱼、青鱼混养,可获得较高收益.现将此养殖模式详述如下,以期为该品种池塘养殖模式发展提供参考.     

Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,body composition and flesh quality of juvenile topmouth culter,Culter alburnus Basilewsky

Nine experimental diets at three protein (35%, 40% and 45% crude protein) and lipid (5%, 8% and 11% crude lipid) levels with variable digestible protein to digestible energy (DP/DE) ratios ranged from 21.9 to 27.8 g protein MJ^?1 were fed to topmouth culter (Culter alburnus Basilewsky) fingerlings (initial weight 6.5 ± 0.9 g) in triplicated groups (30 fish per replicated) for a period of 10 week to assess the optimum dietary DP/DE ratio and the protein sparing effect by utilizing dietary lipid. 27 cages of 1.5 m³ capacity placed in a lake located in Wuhan were used for rearing the fish. At the end of the experiment, maximum weight gain and thermal‐unit growth coefficient was found in fish fed diet D4 with 45% protein, 8% lipid and P/E ratio of 26.2 g protein MJ^?1, but without a significant difference compared to fish fed diet D5 with 40% protein, 8% lipid and DP/DE ratio of 25.3 g protein MJ^?1. The best flesh quality evaluated by muscle collagen content was found in fish fed D5. High fat accumulation with increasing dietary lipid levels was observed in whole body but not in muscle tissue. Hence, it may be concluded that the optimum formulation for maximum growth and quality of topmouth culter is a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with a resultant DP/DE ratio of 25.3 g protein MJ^?1. In addition, the protein sparing effect by inclusion lipid was observed but limited.     

Haematological and biochemical characteristics of two aquacultured carnivorous cyprinids,topmouth culter Culter alburnus (Basilewsky) and yellowcheek carp Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson)

The haematological and biochemical characteristics of two healthy farmed cyprinids, the topmouth culter Culter alburnus and yellowcheek carp Elopichthys bambusa, were investigated in this study. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes (i.e. neutrophils and eosinophils) were observed in these two fish. Every type of these cells (excluding the erythrocyte and lymphocyte) showed similar sizes in the topmouth culter and yellowcheek carp. Thrombocytes and neutrophils were the two most abundant leucocytes in the topmouth culter while thrombocytes and lymphocytes were the two most frequent leucocytes observed in the yellowcheek carp. The erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin concentrations and values of serum glucose in these two fish were high. There were significant differences in the leucocyte counts, haemoglobin concentrations, mean cellular haemoglobin contents, mean cell haemoglobin concentrations and values of serum glucose, triglyceride, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and chlorine between the topmouth culter and the yellowcheek carp. The information of haematology and blood biochemistry obtained here would be useful for the prevention and diagnosis of diseases of farmed topmouth culter and yellowcheek carp.     

饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉及添加牛磺酸对翘嘴鲌生长及若干生理指标的影响

为研究豆粕替代鱼粉和添加牛磺酸及其交互作用对翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)幼鱼生长等指标的影响,试验设计豆粕替代鱼粉水平为0.00%、20.00%、35.00%、50.00%,牛磺酸水平为0.00%、1.00%,采用4×2双因素试验,配置了D1~D8共8个等氮(45.43%±0.80%)、等脂(9.2%±0.44%)的饲料处理组。结果显示,饲料中添加豆粕及牛磺酸对翘嘴鲌幼鱼生长性能无显著影响;随豆粕替代比例的增加,鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05);血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及甘油三酯(TG)含量显著提高(P0.05);总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低。牛磺酸显著降低了粗脂肪含量;AST、ALT、AKP活性及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C含量均显著降低。豆粕替代鱼粉比例及牛磺酸对肥满度(CF)、IPF、脏体比(VSI)、AST、AKP活性及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C含量具有显著交互作用。综合各项指标,本试验条件下推荐翘嘴鲌幼鱼的豆粕替代鱼粉比例是35%;添加1%牛磺酸可以改善鱼体生长性能。     

牛山湖翘嘴鲌和红鳍原鲌的年龄与生长

于2002年4月~2003年3月研究了牛山湖翘嘴鲌(C luter alburnus)和红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)的年龄组成与生长。研究结果表明,翘嘴鲌由5个年龄组组成,以2~4龄鱼为主;红鳍原鲌由3个年龄组组成,以2龄鱼为主。翘嘴鲌的平均体长和体重分别为367 mm和551 g;红鳍原鲌的平均体长和体重分别为141 mm和42 g。翘嘴鲌和红鳍原鲌的体长与体重关系式分别为W=0.00001L2.9902与W=0.000005L3.1941。牛山湖鱼类主要由适应静水生活的湖泊定居性鱼类组成,红鳍原鲌较多,而翘嘴鲌较少。     

The obvious heterosis and genetic characters of intergeneric cross and backcross juveniles between blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and topmouth culter (Culter alburnus)

In this study, we used artificial insemination to generate hybrid groups of fish [MC‐F₁(MA♀×CA♂) and MC‐F₂(MC‐F₁♀×♂)] by intergeneric crosses of Megalobrama amblycephala (MA) and Culter alburnus (CA); sequential backcrosses [CAM‐B₁ (CA♀×MC‐F₁♂) and MCC‐B₁ (MC‐F₁♀×CA♂)] were also performed. All these hybrids showed high rates of fertilization, hatching and survival (p > 0.05). For genetic traits, compared with those of the M. amblycephala and C. alburnus parental lines (Table 1), the fertilization rate, hatching rate and 7‐day survival rate of MC‐F1(MA♀×CA♂), MC‐F2(MC‐F1♀×♂), CAM‐B1 (CA♀×MC‐F1♂) and MCC‐B1 (MC‐F1♀×CA♂) by artificial insemination exhibited similar high rates (p > 0.05). The morphology of the four hybrids MC‐F₁/F_2, CAM‐B₁ and MCC‐B₁ were intermediate between those of their parents. Compared with their parents of MA and CA, weight gain rate (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of hybrids MC‐F₁/F₂, CAM‐B₁ and MCC‐B₁ were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after 3 months feeding. Moreover, protein content of muscle for MC‐F₁/F₂, CAM‐B₁ and MCC‐B₁ was significantly (p < 0.05) higher and carbohydrate content of muscle was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than their parents. The females and males of the four hybrids had normal gonadal development. In this study, we successfully generated intergeneric and backcross hybridization lines with fertile potential among fish of the Cultrinae subfamily and these hybrids had obvious heterosis in terms of growth performance, feed utilization and muscle quality.     

澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)的年龄和生长特征

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)(Paracanthobrama guichenoti)种群开展鳞片与生长特征的研究.结果表明,似刺鳊(鱼句)年轮环纹呈疏密切割或疏密碎裂型,年轮特征显著,偶见幼轮、副轮及生殖痕.种群由1～6龄共6个龄组组成,2～4龄为优势龄组,占总数的80.17%,体长分布范围在14～29.8 cm之间,集中在19～23 cm(占总数的71.49%),体质量范围在56～538.1 g之间,其中体质量为149～242 g的个体占样本总数的67.36%;群体雌雄比为2.18:1,在低龄阶段(1～2龄)雌雄数量基本持平,雄性略占优势;从5龄开始,雌性数量远超出同龄组雄性,6龄以上基本由雌性构成.各龄组雌、雄生长不存在显著性差异(P>0.05).体长与鳞径呈幂函数关系,体质量和体长的幂函数方程为:W=0.0128L3.1587,幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,拟合Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=30.62(1-e-0.1578(t+3.7887);W=632.49(1-e-0.1578(t+3.7887)3.1587.渐近体长L∞=30.62 cm,渐近体质量W∞=632.49 g,生长拐点时间t=3.55龄,此时的体长和体质量分别为Lt=20.99 cm,Wt=192.24 g.澄湖似刺鳊(鱼句)的总体生长性能优于其他生境种群.     

澄湖黄颡鱼生物学特性及其资源增殖保护技术初探

澄湖黄颡鱼有较高的产量。对黄颡鱼生物学特性进行了调查研究。澄湖黄颡鱼生长方程为W=0．044 58 L^2.6864。提出了黄颡鱼资源增殖保护的一系列技术措施，如保护水环境、保护自然产卵受精以及进行人工繁育、开展人工放流等。     

翘嘴红鲌亲鱼培育与人工繁殖技术要点

翘嘴红鲌亲鱼培育是人工繁殖中非常重要的一个环节。我所多年从事翘嘴红鲌的人工繁殖工作，在亲鱼的更新换代、秋春季的重点培育、亲鱼的催产时间、方法、催产剂的配合使用等方面积累了一定的经验，现分述如下。