基于EAN码与QR码联用的食品可追溯体系在蟹肉罐头加工中的应用

随着消费者对食品安全的日趋重视,传统纸质记录已经不能满足消费者了解食品生产全过程的需求,构建以条码技术为基础的食品可追溯体系已成当务之急。本研究将EAN码与QR码有机结合建立食品可追溯体系,设计出企业商品标示代码、生产过程QR码及食品安全可追溯码并成功实施于蟹肉罐头加工过程,消费者仅需通过智能终端进行食品安全可追溯码扫描,便可简便地了解所购买的蟹肉罐头产品的原料验收、清洗蒸煮、取肉挑选、封罐杀菌、包装入库和运输销售等6个步骤的食品可追溯信息。本研究将具有唯一性特点的EAN码和具有信息容量大特点的QR码联合应用于蟹肉罐头的食品可追溯体系,旨在提升蟹肉罐头的市场竞争力,并为其他水产品精深加工企业建立食品可追溯体系提供参考。     

梭子蟹调味料加工工艺研究

正我国梭子蟹资源丰富,加工食用方式大多仍以蒸食为主,也可经冷冻等初加工的方法加工成冻蟹、蟹块、醉蟹等。随着经济快速发展,居民消费水平及生活质量也有了很大的改善,市场对多样化的蟹类产品有了进一步要求。目前市场上常见的梭子蟹精深加工产品主要包括蟹肉罐头、蟹黄粉、蟹籽、蟹黄酱、蟹肉速冻食品等,由梭子蟹精深加工制成的海鲜调味品、食品添加剂、风味佐料等还较少,常见的主要有蟹黄味精等。     

小小螃蟹贱如土 摇身一变赛黄金——漳州市第一条蟹肉罐头生产线在东山正式投产

6月6日,漳州市第一条“清水蟹肉罐头”生产线在东山岛正式投产。据介绍,此前试产的30多吨产品,很受外国客商的青睐。一只小小螃蟹被“穿衣戴帽”后,横行美国市场,身价比原来提高三四十倍,且产品供不应求。目前订单已排到年底,现在国外客户已住在东山等货。     

福建省水产品加工出口增势强劲

据统计,今年1-2月,福建省水产品出口7．35万t,出口额3．27亿美元,分别比增84．94％、121．83％。其中,出口台湾市场9538t,出口额6271万美元,分别比增144．59％、199．68％;出口额超千万美元的水产品有9个,烤鳗（3962万美元）、蟹肉罐头（2873万美元）等位居前列。     

速冻蟹肉的加工工艺探讨

本试验以蟹为原料,经闪蒸后,最大程度减少了蒸煮过程中汁液流失及营养成分损失;通过对蟹肉采用超高温瞬时灭菌工艺,最后确定其灭菌工艺为杀菌温度135℃、杀菌时间11S;通过对单体速冻蟹肉与冷冻蟹肉解冻后汁液中氨基酸成分的对比,确定采用真空冷却结合单体速冻对蟹肉进行冷冻,以确保蟹肉解冻后不会造成汁液大量流失。     

模拟蟹肉的生产工艺技术现状

模拟蟹肉是日本1970年开发的一种较新的水产鱼糜制品。据不完全统计,目前日本大约有70个生产模拟蟹肉的企业,主要产地在新泻、广岛、石川、东京。模拟蟹肉不但受到日本国内消费者的欢迎,而且有约50％的产品出口美国、澳大利亚及欧洲共同体各国。我国近几年来也引进生产线生产模拟蟹肉,产品以独特的风味博得消费者的好评。但由于各工厂的生产工艺技术不臻相同,且有关的技术资料甚少公开交流,为此,本文拟介绍现行几种模拟蟹肉的生产工艺技术,以供交流参考。     

世界模拟蟹肉生产的现状及今后展望

综述世界主要模块蟹肉生产国的现状，以期借鉴国外经验，更好地发展我国的模拟蟹肉生产。     

浅谈如何提高出口低菌优质蟹肉的质量

低菌优质蟹肉是由于美国加强了对进口熟制品的卫生管理,传统出口冻煮蟹肉因细菌含量过高而受到限制的情况下,在传统蟹肉加工的基础上利用蒸汽在杀菌锅内直接进行热力杀菌以降低细菌含量使之达到质优、菌低的一种增值高、效益好的出口水产品,其质量要求为:1、基本保持传统出口冻煮蟹肉的色、香、味和组织形态,2、微生物指标必须符合FDA 的卫生标准,即所抽查     

蟹肉采取机

迄今为止，蟹肉的采取一直是靠手工操作的。这实在是项乏味的、繁琐的工作。因此，它只局限于对某些较大的个体的蟹进行商业性的开发。眼下，当务之急就是要借助于机器将可食部分的蟹肉有效地从外壳中取出。最简易的方法是首先蒸煮，接着用人工把蟹脚和蟹爪(含有白色蟹肉)及蟹背壳(含有褐色蟹肉)分离开，再将含有白肉部分置于Fitz磨粉机内分离成较小的碎片，     

出口低菌优质蟹肉的加工方法

冻煮蟹肉是广西沿海的主要出口水产品之一,近年来,由于美国加强了对进口熟制品的管理,外商对蟹肉质量提出了更高的要求,即质优、菌低,细菌等微生物指标必须符合FDA 标准:10个样本中埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌和葡萄球菌不得检出,大肠杆菌<30个/100克,细菌总数<10万个/克。为此和工厂的技术人员一起对蟹肉进行了多次的热力杀菌试验,取得了较理想的效果,既保持了蟹肉的色、香、味,卫生指标又达到了FDA 标准,产品顺     

梭子蟹假丝酵母菌病初步研究

2002-2003年,舟山市暂养梭子蟹连续发生被称为“乳化病”的暴发性疾病,并导致大量死亡。发病主要集中在每年10月至翌年2月低水温期的海捕暂养梭子蟹,病蟹蟹体消瘦,肌肉萎缩,横切步足,在断口处有乳白色的液体流出,打开蟹盖,盖内可见大量乳白色液体。从乳白色液体内能镜检出大量酵母菌样微生物,菌体大小为(2.3~7.8)μm×(1.3~6.5)μm,多数呈卵圆形,细胞大多单个或成对排列,多边芽殖。同时,显微组织病理观察可见病蟹肌肉、心脏、肝胰脏以及鳃等部位也可发现相同菌体。该菌可生长在TCBS上形成白色菌落,在孟加拉红上形成红色菌落,经菌体形态、培养特性及生理生化反应,鉴定为假丝酵母菌属酵母菌(Candidaoleophila)。人工感染试验发现,其对健康梭子蟹具有致病性,出现与自然病蟹相同的症状,并在人工感染病蟹中分离出相同菌株,表明假丝酵母菌属酵母菌是该病的病原。     

温度对三疣梭子蟹呼吸代谢及其相关酶活力的影响

为研究温度对三疣梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus呼吸代谢的影响,以三疣梭子蟹幼蟹(1.17±0.03)g和成蟹(57.57±1.16)g为实验材料,设5个实验温度水平(15、18、21、24、27℃),测定其在不同温度下的耗氧率和排氨率以及成蟹肝胰脏和肌肉组织中的丙酮酸激酶(PK)、己糖激酶(HK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的活力。实验结果显示,三疣梭子蟹耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而升高。幼蟹耗氧率在各个温度水平下差异显著(P0.05),成蟹耗氧率仅在15-18℃与21-27℃之间差异显著(P0.05);幼蟹和成蟹排氨率在15-18℃与21-27℃之间差异显著(P0.05)。幼蟹和成蟹的氧氮比随温度的升高总体呈下降趋势,其氧氮比范围为1.38-3.02,表明三疣梭子蟹以蛋白质为主要代谢能源物质。随实验温度升高,成蟹肝胰脏中的PK活力呈上升趋势,而成蟹肌肉组织中的PK和HK的活力则随温度升高总体呈下降趋势。温度对三疣梭子蟹肝胰脏组织中SDH的活力影响显著(P0.05),SDH的活力随温度的升高呈上升趋势,在27℃时达到最大值。综上所述,无氧代谢方面,随实验温度的升高,三疣梭子蟹成蟹肝胰脏组织的糖酵解速率增大,肌肉组织对葡萄糖的利用能力下降;有氧代谢方面,成蟹肝胰脏SDH活力随实验温度的升高而升高,一定程度上反应了三疣梭子蟹在高温环境下有氧代谢加强。     

白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)在拟穴青蟹体内增殖的研究

拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)因肉质鲜美、生长快速而成为我国主要的海水养殖经济蟹类,但是随着养殖规模的不断扩大,病害问题也越发严重。本研究通过流行病学调查和定量PCR跟踪检测的方法,研究了拟穴青蟹对白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的易感性和WSSV在拟穴青蟹体内的增殖情况。结果表明,拟穴青蟹是WSSV的自然宿主,自然携带率为8.47%。WSSV可通过口服途径感染拟穴青蟹,并在拟穴青蟹体内快速增殖,注射感染5 d后,病毒量达到感染1d时的1.1×109倍,当病毒累积到一定量后即可致死拟穴青蟹。研究表明,拟穴青蟹是WSSV的天然宿主,在虾蟹混养过程中可以通过摄食WSSV感染虾而带毒或发病,并因此成为WSSV传播媒介,从而对虾蟹混养条件下WSSV的防治效果产生重要影响。     

Accumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin by the swimming crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Charybdis japonica</Emphasis> in Kure Bay,Hiroshima Prefecture

The accumulation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin in the crab Charybdis japonica was investigated in Kure Bay, when a bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, in the same water, showed toxicity caused by PSP toxin. In 2005, 17 specimens of the crab had PSP toxin over 4 MU/g in the hepatopancreas, and the highest toxicity was at 37.4 MU/g. Since the regulation limit of PSP for crab hepatopancreas was set in 2004, this is the first observation of regulatory level of PSP toxin in C. japonica. Unlike in the hepatopancreas of the crab, the hazardous level of the toxin was not detected in the muscle of the cephalothorax and the appendage. The toxin accumulation in the crab was also investigated by feeding toxic mussels to the crab. The crab retained the toxin mainly in the hepatopancreas, and the ratio of retention in the crab was from 12.9 to 24.6%. The toxin profiles, shown in the feeding experiments, suggest that the transformation of PSP toxin occurs in the crab because dcGTX2 and dcGTX3 was detected in all crab specimens despite the lack of these analogs in the mussels used as feed.     

High efficacy of white spot syndrome virus replication in tissues of freshwater rice‐field crab,Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst)

An attempt was made to determine the replication efficiency of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of shrimp in different organs of freshwater rice‐field crab, Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst), using bioassay, PCR, RT‐PCR, ELISA, Western blot and real‐time PCR analyses, and also to use this crab instead of penaeid shrimp for the large‐scale production of WSSV. This crab was found to be highly susceptible to WSSV by intramuscular injection. PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed the systemic WSSV infection in freshwater crab. The RT‐PCR analysis revealed the expression of VP28 gene in different organs of infected crab. The indirect ELISA was used to quantify the VP28 protein in different organs of crab. It was found that there was a high concentration of VP28 protein in gill tissue, muscle, haemolymph and heart tissue. The copy number of WSSV in different organs of infected crab was quantified by real‐time PCR, and the results revealed a steady increase in copy number in different organs of infected crab during the course of infection. The viral inoculum prepared from different organs of infected crab caused significant mortality in tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). The results revealed that this crab can be used as an alternate host for WSSV replication and production.     

“Butter Crab”: an environment‐induced phenotypic variation of Scylla paramamosain with special nutrition and flavour

An “abnormal” female Scylla paramamosain, named “Butter crab” (B_♀) is more popular than wild‐type mud crab (CK) with people. Histologically, “butter crab” ovaries are partially degraded, with full of yellow oily substances in body. Composition of the essential nutritional components is quite similar in “butter crab” and CK. In a comparison of fatty acids, B_♀ is richer. A comparison of flavour amino acids and nucleotide in muscle showed that sweet amino acids and bitter amino acids in B_♀ is lower than CK_♀, but umami amino acids are significantly higher in B_♀. However, the umami amino acid content in the gonads is significantly less in B_♀ than CK_♀. Moreover, umami nucleotides in B_♀ muscle is significantly higher. From the perspective of EUC evaluation, the umami taste of CK_ ♀ gonads is strongest, followed by B_ ♀ gonads. In the hepatopancreas, the umami taste ranks CK_♀> B_♀ >CK_♂, and there are no significant differences among muscles in the three groups. In conclusion, the characteristics of “butter crab” are more fragrant and nutritious, with sweet and umami taste. The article systematically scientifically analysed the nutritional composition and flavour characteristics of “butter crab”, providing a novel insight for development of S. paramamosain industry.     

梭子蟹酵母菌人工感染实验和组织病理学初步研究

近年,浙江省舟山市暂养梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)连续暴发“乳化病”,发病蟹均分离到一种酵母菌。本实验以该株酵母菌通过肌肉注射方式,对三疣梭子蟹、红星棱子蟹、日本鲟3个品种的健康蟹进行了人工感染实验,以验证其致病性。结果发现,该菌株能感染试验蟹类,并出现与自然发病蟹类似的症状。从感染蟹的体液、肝胰腺、心脏等部位分离到了酵母菌,但未分离到细菌,也未发现寄生虫。酵母菌在病蟹的肝胰腺、鳃、心脏中大量侵袭,并引起这些组织发生以坏死为主的变质性病变,其病理特征主要表现为：细胞肿胀、变性、坏死,某些细胞的细胞核固缩、碎裂或崩解。初步确认该酵母菌是引发梭子蟹“乳化病”的病原。     

中国北方野生雄绒螯蟹成蟹可食率和生化成分分析

比较了2017年10月由我国绥芬河、图们江和辽河采集的质量为80～160 g的野生雄绒螯蟹成蟹的组织系数、总可食率、可食组织中一般化学组成及脂肪酸组成.试验结果显示:(1)3个种群雄体性腺指数、肝胰腺指数和出肉率差异显著,但3个种群总可食率无显著差异(P>0.05).(2)就性腺而言,图们江种群水分含量最高,绥芬河种群...     

患颤抖病中华绒螯蟹体内类立克次体侵染的光镜和电镜观察

对江苏和安徽地区患颤抖病的中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis)各器官和组织进行光镜和电镜观察。结果表明，类立克次体（Richettsia-like Organisms,RLOs)广泛寄生于病蟹各器官和组织中。它们特异性地寄生于病蟹各器官的肌肉和结缔组织以及血细胞中，血淋巴中的小颗粒细胞是类立克次体的主要繁殖场所和传播载体。类立克次体对病蟹机体的结缔组织的广泛侵入，以及对胸神经节及神经与肌肉的接头-运动终板的侵染正是颤抖病症状（不食、肌无力、肢体阵发性颤抖）的病理结构基础。本研究旨在探讨RLOs与中华绒螯蟹颤抖病的关系，从而为建立有效的防治措施奠定理论基础。     

Chemical constituents in the abdominal muscle of cultured mud crab Scylla serrata in relation to seasonal variation and maturation

ABSTRACT:     Seasonal changes in levels of chemical constituents in the abdominal muscle of male and female mud crab Scylla serrata were investigated. The gonadosomatic index in the female crab was higher in October and August, of which the muscle yield, glycogen, and total amount of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-related compounds (ARC) in the October sample were the highest throughout the year, but the total amount of free amino acids (FAA) was the lowest. The total FAA and individual FAA such as glycine, alanine, and arginine increased in the August and November female samples, while that in the male specimens was higher in January, March, and August. The total ARC in both crabs was lower in the samples collected from winter than in other seasons whereas glycinebetaine was higher in winter and early spring. Glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine, glycinebetaine, and adenosine monophosphate might be responsible for the taste of mud crab. Their level together was relatively higher in the August and January male samples, and in the August and November female specimens. However, the correlation between the taste component content and degree of gonad maturation was low.