马里努阿犬 伊维菌素和硫酸阿托品中毒的救治1例

伊维菌素注射液为高效驱虫药，是目前最优良、应用最广泛的一类新型广谱、高效、安全和用量小的理想抗内外寄生虫药，但对纯血统的马里努阿犬注射用药过量有很强的毒副作用。硫酸阿托品注射液，辅料为：氯化钠、注射液用水，适应治疗各种内脏绞痛等。我队曾有一头纯种马里努阿犬因体外螨虫被当地一兽医使用伊维菌素注射液和阿托品注射液皮下、肌肉注射中毒。     

伊维菌素脂质体的制备及质量控制研究

为研究伊维菌素脂质体 ,以卵磷脂和胆固醇为载体 ,采用注入法制备了伊维菌素脂质体 ,并应用紫外倍率系数法测定脂质体中伊维菌素的含量 ,采用高速离心法测定其包封率。结果表明 ,采用注入法制备的伊维菌素脂质体稳定性好 ,大小均匀 ,包封率效果良好 (77.42 %以上 ) ,紫外倍率系数法能消除辅料干扰 ,可作为伊维菌素脂质体质量控制的有效方法     

高效液相法测定伊维菌素粉的含量

伊维菌素是从阿佛曼链霉素菌发酵产物分离的独特物质经化学修饰而制成。20世纪80年代中期的国外研究证实,伊维菌素对动物体内线虫和体表寄生虫均有显著驱杀效果。1994年美国默沙东药厂生产伊维菌素,年销售额达4.95万美元,列居当年世界动物保健品市场的10大产品榜首。由伊维菌素加一定辅料配制而成的伊维菌素粉,具有广谱、低毒、安全、适口性好、无刺激性及用法简便等特点。经临床试验证明,对驱杀畜禽肠道线虫,体表螨、虱、蜱效果良好,明显降低畜禽死亡率,增重迅速,提高饲料转化率和畜禽产品质量。但目前只收载过伊维菌素注射液含量的测定方法,伊维菌素粉剂尚无收载和报道。本法采     

新疆查干郭勒乡杀虫油剂和伊维菌素联合应用防控家畜蜱虫试验

为探索有效的杀灭蜱方法,减少蜱虫危害,选择新疆阿勒泰地区青河县查干郭勒乡蜱虫流行较严重的一家农户,开展了杀虫油剂和伊维菌素联合应用防控家畜蜱虫试验。试验分为杀虫油剂组、伊维菌素注射液组、杀虫油剂和伊维菌素注射液联合使用组和不用药的对照组。每组有50只不同年龄的牛、羊、马等家畜,其饲养管理、放牧条件、圈室条件都基本相同。杀虫油剂组、伊维菌素注射液组间隔1个月,同法同量进行2次用药;杀虫油剂和伊维菌素注射液联合使用组先使用杀虫油剂,1个月后注射伊维菌素注射液。用药后观察无蜱的维持时间和第1次用药90 d后仍发现蜱的试验动物数量,计算不同试验组的杀虫效果。结果显示,杀虫油剂组、伊维菌素注射液组、杀虫油剂和伊维菌素注射液联合使用组用药后的无蜱维持时间分别为70、60、90 d,预防效率分别为90%、86%、100%。结果表明,杀虫油剂和伊维菌素注射液联合使用,可起到最佳的蜱虫预防效果。     

系数倍率法检测伊维菌素脂质体含量的研究

伊维菌素脂质体是伊维菌素的一种重要新剂型,为消除辅料对伊维菌素含量测定的影响,采用系数倍率法在245nm和222nm处不经分离直接测定脂质体中伊维菌素的含量。结果表明,伊维菌素在4～28μg／mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0．9999,平均回收率为104．6％。说明系数倍率法能消除脂质体中卵磷脂与胆固醇对伊维菌素含量测定的影响,可作为伊维菌素脂质体质量控制的有效方法。     

高效液相法测定伊维菌素粉的含量

伊维菌素是从阿佛曼链毒素菌发酵产物分离的独特物质经化学修饰而制成的。20世纪80年代中期的国外研究证实，伊维菌素对动物体内线虫和表寄生虫均有显著驱杀效果。1994年美国默沙东药厂生产伊维菌素，年销售额达4.95万美元，列居当年世界动物保健品市场的10大产品榜首。由伊维菌素加一定辅料配制而成的伊维菌素粉，     

伊维菌素对昆明犬精液质量的影响

伊维菌素对犬的线虫、螨、虱、蜱等多种体内外寄生虫都有较好的防治效果,具有用量小、疗效高等特点,已经被广泛应用于犬的养殖生产中.但资料显示,伊维菌素注射液对成年的公牛、公猪的精液质量会产生影响,降低精液质量.为了研究伊维菌素对公犬精液质量的影响程度,笔者开展了伊维菌素注射液对公犬精液质量影响试验,为犬的健康繁育和发展提供理论依据.     

马里努阿犬伊维菌素和硫酸阿托品中毒的救治方法

伊维菌素注射液(阿苯达唑)又名多邦·亚克、本品为高浓度高效驱虫药,是目前最优良、应用最广泛的一类新型广谱、高效、安全和用量小的理想抗内外寄生虫药,但对纯血统的马里努阿犬注射用药过量是有很强的毒副作用。硫酸阿托品注射液,辅料为:氯化钠、注     

伊维菌素防治犬疥螨病

以往用药浴的方法治疗犬疥螨病,不但费时、费力,而且防治人员被犬咬伤的事故常有发生。为探索最佳药品,我们选用了美国默克公司生产的伊维菌素注射液对犬疥螨病进行了防治试验。１实验材料药物：美国默克公司生产的伊维菌素注射液,含伊维菌素收稿日期：１９９７－１２...     

伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片含量测定方法的建立

为了建立伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片同时测定两种主药含量的方法,采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以乙腈∶水的梯度洗脱系统作为流动相,伊维菌素检测波长为245 nm,吡喹酮检测波长为210 nm。在该色谱条件下,溶剂和辅料对伊维菌素和吡喹酮出峰均无干扰,伊维菌素和吡喹酮与相邻杂质峰分离良好。伊维菌素在2～400μg/m L的浓度范围线性关系良好;吡喹酮在1～100μg/m L的浓度范围内线性关系良好。伊维菌素回收率为102.5%,吡喹酮回收率为99.4%。该方法操作简便,准确度高,重复性好,可用于伊维菌素吡喹酮咀嚼片同时测定两种主药的含量。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.