家禽病毒性呼吸系统疾病的疫苗防控

<正>家禽病毒性呼吸系统疾病可导致鸡只生长迟缓,产蛋量和蛋品质降低,死亡率增加,屠体品质下降,给世界家禽业带来严重的经济损失。在这些疫病中,新城疫和高致病性禽流感带来的损失最为严重。     

呼吸道微生物区系与牛呼吸道疾病综合征发生的关系

牛呼吸道疾病综合征(BRDC)是养牛业中重要的健康问题和经济问题,特别是在刚断奶并新运输到饲养场的犊牛中发生。数十年的研究未能有效减轻其危害,至今BRDC仍然是导致牛发病、死亡、减产的主要原因之一。许多研究表明呼吸道微生物区系在牛呼吸道健康中占据重要地位,呼吸道微生物区系对BRDC的影响以及这些区系形成的因素是一个新颖且值得探究的领域。论文系统介绍了BRDC的发病机制,重点描述了牛呼吸道微生物区系的形成、变化、主要组成结构以及与BRDC之间的关系,并讨论了未来的发展方向,以便更好地理解呼吸道微生物区系在家畜健康养殖中的作用。     

Marc-145细胞培养条件摸索及其初步应用

Marc-145细胞,上皮样细胞,来源于猴肾细胞,从母细胞(Ma-104细胞)克隆而得到,可连续传代培养。此细胞主要用于病毒的培养,特别是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)对此细胞尤为敏感,本试验主要研究Marc-145的适宜培养条件,以及PRRSV野毒株在该细胞中的增殖。     

Respiratory therapeutics.

Treatment of small animal respiratory diseases tends to target bronchodilators. Although this is not inappropriate, recent advances in the understanding of respiratory diseases have underscored the importance of inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Drug therapy of the respiratory tract in small animals is most successful when it is based on a knowledge of normal physiology and disease pathophysiology of respiratory tract diseases.     

Respiratory muscle fatigue.

The contribution of respiratory muscle fatigue to the development of ventilatory failure has been the subject of considerable interest and has stimulated much research. Experimental studies in dogs have shown respiratory muscle fatigue to be a cause of ventilatory failure in both cardiogenic and septic shock models. In clinical conditions resulting in acute or chronic hypercapnia, respiratory muscle fatigue is believed to occur; however, the specific role of fatigue has been difficult to prove.     

Respiratory problems in foals

Despite major advances in our knowledge and ability to treat respiratory diseases in neonatal foals, neonatal respiratory medicine is still in its infancy. It is hoped that this article may serve as a guideline for diagnosis and treatment. Specific antibiotic regimens and emergency procedures are covered in other articles in this symposium. Because management factors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease, education of clients as to their importance would help both prophylactically and therapeutically. The necessity of very careful monitoring of neonates, which is critical to early detection of disease, should be stressed. As respiratory diseases can be fulminant and rapidly fatal, it is imperative not to delay diagnosis and therapy. Thorough examination and implementation of appropriate diagnostic techniques, as well as prompt early referral to a more sophisticated facility when indicated, would prevent many deaths. Although sophisticated support systems are vital for survival of some of these foals, good basic intensive nursing care combined with selection of appropriate drug therapy very early in the course of the disease is all that many foals require and can significantly improve survival rates.