规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子的四季动态监测研究

本研究对规模化奶牛场产奶牛和育成牛粪中污染因子进行了四季监测,结果表明,鲜粪中含水率两类牛群夏季最高、春季最低;风干粪样中,除产奶牛夏季全氮和全磷外,产奶牛和育成牛5项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质＞全氮＞全磷＞锌＞铜;两类牛群全磷含量夏季最高、秋季最低,有机质含量春季最高、夏季最低,铜和锌含量夏季均最低;产奶牛全氮含量夏季最低、春季最高,铜含量春季最高,锌含量冬季最高;育成牛全氮含量夏季最高、秋季最低,铜含量秋季最高,锌含量春季最高.     

不同周龄SPF级SD大鼠胰腺自发性病变的组织学观察

研究不同周龄SPF级SD大鼠胰腺自发性病变的种类及其病变发生率,为药物安全性评价提供背景资料。收集3年安评试验中11、19、31周龄试验对照组大鼠胰腺制作病理切片,光学显微镜下观察SD大鼠胰腺病变的种类及组织形态学特点,并统计其病变发生率。结果显示,大鼠胰腺主要出现了以下病变:①单核细胞浸润:11周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为0.6%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.25%;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为1.0%,雄性为1.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.96%。②腺泡细胞空泡变性:11周龄大鼠未观察到该病变的发生;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为0,雄性为2.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为3%,其中雌性为2.1%,雄性为3.9%。③腺泡细胞萎缩、腺管增生:11周龄大鼠未观察到该病变的发生;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为0.5%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为3.0%,其中雌性为1.0%,雄性为4.9%。结果表明,SPF级大鼠胰腺可发生单核细胞浸润、腺泡细胞空泡变性、腺泡细胞萎缩及腺管增生等自发性病变,且病变发生率可随着年龄的增加而增加。     

奶牛养殖小区育成牛粪中污染因子的四季动态监测研究

本文研究了奶牛养殖小区育成牛粪中污染因子的季节变化规律,结果表明,育成牛鲜粪中含水率春季最低,冬季最高;风干粪样中,除夏季全氮和全磷顺序颠倒外,五项检测指标及其年均值的季节变化规律均保持一致,即有机质〉全氮〉全磷〉锌〉铜;育成牛全氮含量夏季最低、冬季最高,全磷含量秋季最低、夏季最高,有机质含量夏季最低、秋季最高,铜含量夏季最低、春季最高,锌含量春季最低、夏季最高。     

Effect of topical phenylephrine on the equine pupil

The mydriatic effect of 10% phenylephrine was evaluated in 9 horses. Base-line pupillary size in mesopic conditions and during light stimulation was ascertained before application of pharmacologic agents. In study 1, 10% phenylephrine was applied to each eye (n = 5 horses). After 15 minutes, the pupillary size was determined in both lighting conditions. Phenylephrine was again applied to each eye, and after an additional 15 minutes, the pupillary size was determined. In study 2, 1% tropicamide was applied to each eye (n = 4 horses), and after 30 minutes, the pupillary size was determined in both lighting conditions. Tropicamide and phenylephrine were applied to each eye immediately after determination of pupillary size, and after an additional 30 minutes, the pupillary size was determined. There was no significant change (P greater than 0.9) in pupillary size when phenylephrine was used alone or when phenylephrine was used in an eye that had been dilated with tropicamide.     

芪板青颗粒质量控制研究

为建立芪板青颗粒中绿原酸、咖啡酸和黄芪甲苷含量测定的方法。测定绿原酸和咖啡酸采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 250 mm×4.6 mm 5μm色谱柱,流动相为0.05%磷酸溶液-乙腈(92∶8,V∶V),进样量10μL,柱温30℃,流速为1.0 m L/min,在190 nm～400 nm范围进行扫描,记录327 nm色谱图;测定黄芪甲苷采用Waters symmetry C18 5μm 4.6 mm×250 mm色谱柱,进样量10μL,漂移管温度35℃,雾化器温度35℃,气流速度1.2 L/min,流动相为水-乙腈(65∶35,V∶V),柱温30℃,流速1.0 m L/min。绿原酸在3.611～72.23μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r为0.99999,平均加样回收率97.1%;咖啡酸在3.060～61.20μg/m L范围内线性关系良好,r为0.99999,平均加样回收率96.2%;黄芪甲苷在1.0～10μg范围线性关系良好,r为0.9997,平均加样回收率为98.0%。该方法定性、定量准确,适用于芪板青颗粒含量测定。     

Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats

Endoscopic balloon dilation of benign esophageal strictures was performed in 18 dogs and 10 cats with a median age of 4 years. Stricture formation was associated with a recent anesthetic episode in 18 patients. Regurgitation was the most common clinical sign and was present a median of 4 weeks before dilation. Most animals had a single stricture; median diameter was 5 mm, and median length was 1 cm. Esophagitis and mucosal fibrosis were detected in 9 patients each. Dilation was performed with progressively increasing diameter balloons, from 6 to 20 mm. After dilation, mucosal hemorrhage was mild to moderate in most patients. Esophageal perforation was the only serious complication and occurred in 1 patient. Postdilation therapy consisted of administration of cimetidine, metoclopramide, sucralfate, and prednisone in most animals. The median number of dilation procedures performed in each animal was 2, with a range of 1-5. The median interval between dilations was 13 days. Stricture diameter markedly increased with subsequent dilations. Median duration of follow-up was 131 weeks. A successful outcome occurred in 88% of patients, with most animals able to eat canned, mashed, or dry food without regurgitation. Mucosal fibrosis was associated with a better clinical response score, while increasing age was weakly associated with fewer dilations. The dilation protocol used in this group of animals was safe and efficacious.     

犬正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓的子宫和卵巢组织结构及乳铁蛋白表达的对比

本研究旨在探明犬子宫和卵巢在正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓时，其组织结构及乳铁蛋白（lactoferrin，LF）表达的变化特征。应用Masson’s、VVG、PAS组织化学染色方法观察乏情期、发情期、患子宫蓄脓时犬子宫及卵巢的组织结构特点，用免疫组织化学SP法观察LF的分布特征。结果显示，正常发情期犬：乏情期、发情期子宫内膜肌层厚度比分别为0.762 0、0.924 3；乏情期子宫固有层中胶原纤维含量大于发情期，发情期卵巢中胶原纤维含量大于乏情期；子宫血管层及卵巢血管内弹性膜清晰完整；子宫腺在乏情期时浅层管腔小，深层较大、腺管上皮为单层柱状上皮、上皮细胞及管腔内PAS阳性反应较强，发情期子宫腺管腔变大、腺管上皮为单层立方上皮、上皮细胞及管腔内有PAS阳性反应；子宫黏膜上皮在乏情期和发情期均为单层柱状上皮，但胞核位置不同，乏情期胞核位于中央，发情期胞核位于顶部。患子宫蓄脓犬：子宫内膜肌层厚度比为1.615 0；子宫固有层和卵巢中胶原纤维含量少于正常发情期；子宫腺管腔大，且形状不规则，管腔内有炎性细胞浸润，腺管上皮为单层立方上皮，有淋巴细胞位于基膜，上皮细胞及管腔内PAS阳性反应较弱；子宫血管层及卵巢血管内弹性膜较正常发情期变薄，且有断裂现象；子宫黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，胞核位于基底。LF在乏情期子宫腺上皮和卵巢中的表达水平高于发情期，而在子宫黏膜上皮中发情期的表达水平高于乏情期。患子宫蓄脓时犬子宫和卵巢中LF的表达水平均较低。综上表明，犬正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓时的子宫和卵巢组织结构特点显著不同，LF的表达水平也存在差异。     

徐淮山羊H-FABP基因克隆、表达产物亚细胞定位的研究及转基因小鼠的制备

旨在克隆徐淮山羊心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因的cDNA,探讨其生物信息学功能。通过EGFP融合蛋白对该基因亚细胞水平的表达定位,探究该基因在异种生物体内表达情况,探索制备异种转基因动物的可能性。采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法克隆徐淮山羊H-FABP基因cDNA,进行生物信息学分析,构建其融合表达载体pEGFP-H-FABP。脂质体(LTX)介导基因转染山羊成纤维细胞(GEF),48h后进行荧光检测,RT-PCR检测mRNA在细胞内的表达。利用睾丸注射将目的基因转入小鼠体内,在DNA和蛋白水平上检测目的基因的表达情况。结果,徐淮山羊H-FABP基因完整编码区(CDS)大小为402bp,编码133个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为AY466498.1。徐淮山羊H-FABP序列与人、鸡、褐家鼠、奶牛、野猪、驴及斑马鱼相应编码区同源性为89%、76%、85%、84%、93%、91%、70%,氨基酸序列同源性为90%、79%、88%、97%、95%、94%、72%。成功构建融合表达载体pEGFP-H-FABP,目的基因在mRNA水平上成功表达。目的蛋白定位于细胞质中,与在线预测结果相同(无信号肽,定位于细胞质中)。通过尾静脉注射和睾丸注射,该基因可以在小鼠体内实现暂态表达和持续性表达。本研究成功克隆了徐淮山羊H-FABP基因cDNA,而且H-FABP基因在进化过程中是保守的。该蛋白无信号肽,在单细胞水平上可表达于细胞质中,在小鼠体内也可以成功表达。     

Use of clomipramine in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs: a preliminary, clinical study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a treatment protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs. DESIGN: A study was undertaken to assess clinical responses in 24 dogs diagnosed with one or more of three behavioural disorders stated above to a treatment regimen that included clomipramine and behaviour modification. PROCEDURE: A detailed behavioural and clinical history was obtained for each dog. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was diagnosed in nine cases: primary presenting complaints were tail-chasing, shadow-chasing, circling and chewing; one case was diagnosed with concurrent separation anxiety. Separation anxiety was diagnosed in 14 cases: presenting complaints included destruction, vocalisation and escaping in the absence of the owner; four cases also exhibited noise phobia. The study also included one dog diagnosed with noise phobia only and another with inappropriate fear responses. Clomipramine was administered orally twice daily. The starting dose was 1 to 2 mg/kg bodyweight. The dose was increased incrementally to a maximum of 4 mg/kg if needed. A behaviour modification program was designed and the owner instructed on its implementation. Dogs continued medication for at least 1 month after clinical signs disappeared or were acceptably reduced, then withdrawal of medication was attempted by decreasing drug dosage at weekly intervals while behaviour modification continued. RESULTS: The presenting clinical sign was largely improved or disappeared in 16 dogs, 5 demonstrated slight to moderate improvement and the behaviour was unchanged in 3. Clomipramine withdrawal was attempted in nine cases: this was successful in five. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine was effective and well-tolerated in controlling signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or separation anxiety and/or noise phobia in 16 of 24 assessable cases, when used in combination with behaviour modification, and improvement in clinical signs was noted in 5 others.     

多种药物治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的疗效比较试验

对患有卡他性和脓性子宫内膜炎的病牛采用多种药物进行治疗,对治疗效果进行比较分析。结果表明:治疗卡他性子宫内膜炎时,乳宫安的治愈率为80%,金乳康的治愈率为93%,洁尔阴的治愈率为87%,青链霉素的治愈率为73%。在治疗脓性子宫内膜炎的试验中,乳宫安的治愈率为75%,金乳康的治愈率为88%,洁尔阴的治愈率为75%,青链霉素的治愈率为67%。乳宫安、金乳康和洁尔阴的总受胎率均为100%,而青链霉素的总受胎率为75%。露它净和宫得康配合应用,对卡他性子宫内膜炎的治愈率达100%,对脓性子宫内膜炎的治愈率达90%,并且对愈后奶牛的一次输精受胎率达100%。     

不同季节蛋种鸡产蛋性能的测定分析

以海兰褐蛋种鸡为观察对象,从122日龄开始到429日龄结束,收集7 520只蛋种鸡1个产蛋年（2014年1月—12月）的产蛋资料,分析得出每月的产蛋率、破蛋率等相关数据,对12个月的数据进行统计分析。结果表明,产蛋率以春季最高,秋季最低;种蛋合格率冬季最高,秋季最低;料蛋比以冬季最高,春季最低;破蛋率以夏秋两季最高,冬季最低;死淘率以秋季最高,冬季最低。     

绿洲灌溉区与旱作区多龄苜蓿地土壤有机碳、氮及物理特性分析

以甘肃灌区和旱作区苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地土壤为研究对象,对不同地域的苜蓿地土壤全氮(TSN)、有机碳(SOC)、容重、含水量进行测定,结果表明:灌区SOC含量均高于旱作区,在90~100cm土层其含量与旱作区差值最大,达3.41g/kg。在0~100cm灌区SOC含量为6.81~12.49g/kg,均值为9.25g/kg,比旱作区高22%。旱作区TSN含量随土壤深度的增加而减小,含量在(1.03±0.01)~(0.44±0.04)g/kg。在0~30cm灌区TSN含量相对较稳定,差异不显著(P0.05),在30~60cm剖面全氮含量急剧下降,70~100cm含量变化较为稳定,TSN含量维持在(0.66±0.01)g/kg。旱作苜蓿地土壤含水量在0~60cm变化不显著(P0.05),0~100cm土壤含水量均值为(14.437±1.124)%,灌区苜蓿地土壤含水量均值为(16.025±2.029)%。随着土壤深度的增加,旱作区和灌区苜蓿地土壤容重均呈现依次增大的分布规律,旱作区最大值为(1.421±0.034)g/cm,比最小值高出17.5%,灌区最大值(1.332±0.017)g/cm,比最小值高出11.3%.     

黑莓体细胞胚诱导中的细胞生理特性差异

为了解黑莓不同类型愈伤组织与胚前体组织的生理特性差异,为体细胞胚诱导提供依据,本文通过对黑莓均质、松散型胚性愈伤组织进行诱导研究,比较了黑莓3种不同类型的愈伤组织与胚前体组织生理特性方面的差异。结果显示：球形胚前体组织的可溶性糖含量最高,其余3种愈伤组织间无差异;球形胚和硬块型组织脯氨酸含量最高,其次是稀软型,松散型的最低;硬块型的丙二醛含量最高,其他3种间无差异;稀软型的SOD酶活性最高,其次是松散型和硬块型,球形胚的最低;稀软型的POD酶活性最高,其他3种间无差异。隶属函数综合分析认为,加拿大黑莓的松散型愈伤组织的生理特性最接近于球形胚前体组织,因此松散型愈伤组织更适于体细胞胚的诱导。     

2013年-2015年宁夏地区牛支原体感染的血清学调查分析

为了摸清宁夏地区肉牛和奶牛牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)感染情况及流行趋势,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对2013年-2015年采集自宁夏地区肉牛主要养殖区的57个肉牛场886份血清和奶牛主要养殖区的39个奶牛场1 088份血清进行检测.结果发现,2013年抽检的16个奶牛场阳性率为32.17％(148/460),场群阳性率100％(16/16);2014年抽检的银川地区12个奶牛场,阳性率为26.52％(61/230),场群阳性率100％(12/12);2015年抽检的11个奶牛场,阳性率为44.97％(179/398),场群阳性率100％(11/11);2014年阳性率较2013年和2015年低,2015年最高,2013年与2014年阳性率差异不显著(P>0.05),2015年与2013年和2014年的阳性率差异极显著(P<0.01).2013年抽检的19个肉牛场,阳性率为7.26％(18/248),场群阳性率为26.32％(5/19);2014年抽检的38个肉牛场,阳性率为5.02％(32/638),场群阳性率为50％(19/38);2014年较2013年的阳性率低,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而且部分地区和肉牛场未检测到牛支原体阳性血清.上述结果表明,宁夏地区奶牛养殖场牛支原体感染状况较为严重,应引起养殖场的高度重视.     

河南省陆地植被净第一性生产力估算及其时空分布

基于地理信息系统和卫星遥感技术,利用地面气象数据和MODIS数据,同时考虑河南省自身实际地理和植被覆盖情况,在对最大光利用率和水分胁迫系数的获取进行改进的基础上,利用CASA模型对河南省植被净第一性生产力（NPP）进行了估算,并分析了其时空分布。结果表明,2008年河南省NPP生产量为34.87 Mt C,NPP空间分布和植被类型有密切关系,森林植被最大,然后依次是灌丛、草地、农田等。12、1和2月NPP最小,植物基本停止生长,植被的NPP只占全年的1.38％;5、7和8月的NPP最大,占全年总量的56.84％。与Miami、Montreal、Chinkugo模型相比,本研究结果和Miami模型结果最为接近,植被类型NPP均值排序和Chinkugo模型相似;与实测数据对比结果显示,模拟值接近于实测值,说明模型适用于河南省NPP的模拟。     

Cloning of PLIN2 Gene of Yak and Its Expression in Ovary during Different Estrus Periods

The purpose of this study was to research the sequence characteristics and the expression of PLIN2 gene, and to analyze the relationship between the expression and the ovaries in different estrus periods. According to the gene sequence of bovine in GenBank, the primer was designed. The PLIN2 gene of yak was cloned by RT-PCR, and the expression quantity of the PLIN2 gene in different tissues of yak was detected by the semiquantitative RT-PCR. Meanwhile,the differential expression of the PLIN2 gene in different ovarian estrus periods of yak was detected by quantitative Real-time PCR. The results showed that the length of the PLIN2 gene was 1 353 bp in CDS, encoding 450 amino acids. The PLIN2 protein was predicted to be non-seretory and lacking cross-membrane domain. It was 99.4% homology identity to that of corresponding cDNA from bovine, which showed that the PLIN2 gene was quite conservative in the process of evolution. The expession profile of PLIN2 was wide in yak tissues, but there were some differences in different tissues. The expression quality was higher in kidney, breast and ovary, while it was almost nothing in lung. The result of quantitative Real-time PCR indicated that yak PLIN2 gene was expressed in different ovarian estrus periods, and the highest expression during the luteal phase, which indicated the PLIN2 gene played an essential role in yak estrous cycles.     

猪A-FABP基因真核表达载体的构建及其组织表达

本实验以长白猪背最长肌为实验材料,进行组织RNA的提取及A-FABP基因的克隆,构建p EGFPN1-A-FABP真核表达载体,并通过脂质体转染成纤维细胞,48 h观察荧光表达。同时应用荧光定量PCR法检测猪7种不同组织(心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、背最长肌、腿肌)中A-FABP基因的差异表达。结果表明:成功构建p EGFP-N1-A-FABP融合表达载体,并在细胞中表达绿色荧光蛋白;A-FABP基因在7种组织中均有表达,其中背最长肌和腿肌中A-FABP基因的表达量最高,与其他组织相比差异极显著(P0.01),而脾脏和肾脏中的表达量相对于心脏、肝脏和肺脏差异显著(P0.05),而A-FABP基因表达量在心脏、肝脏和肺脏中差异不显著(P0.05)。表明该基因能够在真核载体和细胞中表达,并且在猪不同组织的表达具有差异性。     

2018年湖南省规模猪场伪狂犬病血清学调查

为了解湖南省规模化猪场猪伪狂犬病免疫状况及猪伪狂犬病毒感染情况,2018年在湖南省14个市州208个规模猪场采集4288份猪血清,采用ELISA方法检测血清中的伪狂犬病毒抗体。结果显示,免疫猪PRV gB抗体个体阳性率为78.1%,PRV gE抗体个体阳性率为21.0%,场阳性率为38.9%;从不同养殖规模来看,存栏量在1000头以上的大型猪场PRV gE抗体阳性率最高,为22.9%;在季节分布上,夏季猪群的PRV gE抗体阳性率最高,为25.1%;在不同的年龄阶段中,以种母猪PRV gE抗体阳性率最高,为36.2%。表明猪伪狂犬病在湖南地区仍广泛流行,野毒感染情况较为普遍。     

鸡Smad4基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达分析

试验旨在克隆鸡Smad4基因，并对其进行生物信息学和组织表达分析。以苏禽3号优质黄羽肉鸡为试验对象，使用RACE技术扩增并克隆了鸡Smad4基因全长序列，对其进行生物信息学分析，构建系统进化树，并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了Smad4基因在鸡各组织中的表达情况。结果显示，鸡Smad4基因全长序列包含17 bp的5'UTR、1 842 bp的开放阅读框和466 bp的3'UTR，有11个外显子和10个内含子，mRNA序列全长2 325 bp，可编码613个氨基酸。系统进化树显示，鸡Smad4与其他鸟类聚为一类。生物信息学分析显示，Smad4蛋白分子质量为65.43 ku，理论等电点为10.04，为亲水蛋白；含有2个保守结构域：MH1和MH2；二级结构由α-螺旋（18.11%）、延伸链（17.29%）和无规则卷曲（64.60%）组成。组织表达分析表明，Smad4基因在鸡的心脏、肝脏、空肠、卵巢中均有较高表达，而在胸肌中不表达。本试验成功获得了鸡Smad4基因全长序列，并初步研究了其组织表达规律，为进一步研究Smad4基因在鸡繁殖活动中的分子机制提供了理论依据。     

刺参不同部位中主要营养成分分析与评价

本文对刺参不同部位(体肇、肠和卵)中的主要营养成分进行了研究.结果表明:刺参属于高蛋白质食品,且肠和卵的蛋白质含量高于体壁;富含人体所必需的铜、铁、锰、锌等元素,这些元素更易在肠中富集;δ-维生素E在刺参中含量丰富,以肠中最高;体壁中酸性粘多糖含量较高,为5.03%;氨基酸组成全面,鲜昧氨基酸的含量丰富,体壁中羟脯氨酸含量很高,为4.20%,是动物胶原蛋白的主要成分;鉴定出23种脂肪酸,必需脂肪酸含量高,尤其C20:5 n3(EPA)在肠中高达16.06%.因此.刺参具有较高的营养价值和一定的药用价值.[动物营养学报,2010,22(1):212-220][中文全文见<动物营养学报>网站(www.china.JAN.com)中文版2010年22卷1期]