The flavivirus precursor membrane-envelope protein complex: structure and maturation

Many viruses go through a maturation step in the final stages of assembly before being transmitted to another host. The maturation process of flaviviruses is directed by the proteolytic cleavage of the precursor membrane protein (prM), turning inert virus into infectious particles. We have determined the 2.2 angstrom resolution crystal structure of a recombinant protein in which the dengue virus prM is linked to the envelope glycoprotein E. The structure represents the prM-E heterodimer and fits well into the cryo-electron microscopy density of immature virus at neutral pH. The pr peptide beta-barrel structure covers the fusion loop in E, preventing fusion with host cell membranes. The structure provides a basis for identifying the stages of its pH-directed conformational metamorphosis during maturation, ending with release of pr when budding from the host.     

新城疫病毒HN蛋白结构及其生物学活性研究进展

新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)HN糖蛋白位于病毒囊膜表面,与病毒的毒力及致病性密切相关,因此在NDV的研究中具有重要的意义。从HN蛋白的1级结构、空间结构分析了与其相应的受体结合能力、神经氨酸酶活性和促膜融合活性等生物学活性。     

Reconstitution of Ca2+-regulated membrane fusion by synaptotagmin and SNAREs

We investigated the effect of synaptotagmin I on membrane fusion mediated by neuronal SNARE proteins, SNAP-25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin, which were reconstituted into vesicles. In the presence of Ca2+, the cytoplasmic domain of synaptotagmin I (syt) strongly stimulated membrane fusion when synaptobrevin densities were similar to those found in native synaptic vesicles. The Ca2+ dependence of syt-stimulated fusion was modulated by changes in lipid composition of the vesicles and by a truncation that mimics cleavage of SNAP-25 by botulinum neurotoxin A. Stimulation of fusion was abolished by disrupting the Ca2+-binding activity, or by severing the tandem C2 domains, of syt. Thus, syt and SNAREs are likely to represent the minimal protein complement for Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.     

Spatial coordination of cytokinetic events by compartmentalization of the cell cortex

During cytokinesis, furrow ingression and plasma membrane fission irreversibly separate daughter cells. How actomyosin ring assembly and contraction, vesicle fusion, and abscission are spatially coordinated was unknown. We found that during cytokinesis septin rings, located on both sides of the actomyosin ring, acted as barriers to compartmentalize the cortex around the cleavage site. Compartmentalization maintained diffusible cortical factors, such as the exocyst and the polarizome, to the site of cleavage. In turn, such factors were required for actomyosin ring function and membrane abscission. Thus, a specialized cortical compartment ensures the spatial coordination of cytokinetic events.     

植原体免疫主导膜蛋白Imp基因在大肠杆菌中表达条件优化(英文)

[目的]为了提高植原体膜蛋白Imp基因在E.coliBL21(DE3)中的表达量,优化Imp基因的原核表达条件。[方法]通过设计正交试验,考察不同的培养条件对工程菌E.coliBL21(DE3)-pET-28a(+)-Imp的影响。在获得最佳培养条件的基础上考察不同诱导条件对Imp蛋白表达量的影响。利用SDS-PAGE和GeneTools凝胶分析软件分析融合蛋白Imp的表达量。[结果]表达条件优化结果表明,最佳培养条件为:温度37℃,pH7.0,装液量20%,振荡速度200r/min。最佳诱导条件为:温度37℃,起始OD600≈1.5,IPTG终浓度0.1mmol/L,诱导培养时间6h。[结论]在最佳条件下Imp表达量达到70.98mg/L,确定了Imp融合蛋白在大肠杆菌的优化表达条件。     

植原体免疫主导膜蛋白Imp基因在大肠杆菌中表达条件优化

[目的]为提高植原体膜蛋白Imp基因在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的表达量,优化Imp基因的原核表达条件。[方法]通过设计正交试验,考察不同的培养条件对工程菌E.coli BL21(DE3)-pET-28a(+)-Imp的影响。在获得最佳培养条件的基础上考察不同诱导条件对Imp蛋白表达量的影响。利用SDS-PAGE和Gene Tools凝胶分析软件分析融合蛋白Imp的表达量。[结果]表达条件优化结果表明,最佳培养条件为:温度37℃,pH 7.0,装液量20%,振荡速度200 r/min;最佳诱导条件为:温度37℃,起始OD600≈1.5,IPTG终浓度0.1mmol/L,诱导培养时间6 h。[结论]在最佳条件下Imp表达量达70.98 mg/L,确定了Imp融合蛋白在大肠杆菌的优化表达条件。     

黑曲霉MAN1基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及酶学性质分析

为了通过基因工程的方法在大肠杆菌中生产β-甘露聚糖酶.以β-甘露聚糖酶生产菌黑曲霉为材料,通过RT-PCR扩增获得β-甘露聚糖酶基因MAN1的cDNA片段,将该片段克隆连至pMD18-T并测序.Blast比对结果表明,该序列与GenBank中编号XM001400053的序列相似性为100％,将pMD18-MAN1与PE...     

Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface

Foreign DNA fragments can be inserted into filamentous phage gene III to create a fusion protein with the foreign sequence in the middle. The fusion protein is incorporated into the virion, which retains infectivity and displays the foreign amino acids in immunologically accessible form. These "fusion phage" can be enriched more than 1000-fold over ordinary phage by affinity for antibody directed against the foreign sequence. Fusion phage may provide a simple way of cloning a gene when an antibody against the product of that gene is available.     

鱼类神经坏死病毒衣壳蛋白MCP和鮰爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白ompN1融合基因的原核表达

目前在针对鱼类神经坏死病毒的疫苗研究中,主要是将神经坏死病毒某些蛋白作为抗原进行注射免疫,但是传统的注射免疫并不能有效地激发黏膜免疫。笔者将鱼类神经坏死病毒的衣壳蛋白（MCP）与鮰爱德华氏菌的跨粘膜蛋白ompN1融合表达,拟制备能够抵抗神经坏死病毒的粘膜疫苗;利用从NCBI GenBank库里获得的鱼类神经坏死病毒的外壳蛋白MCP和鮰爱德华氏菌的外膜蛋白ompN1的基因序列,将两者进行序列优化与全基因合成,分别构建原核表达载体:MCP-ompN1 pET28a和MCP pET28a和ompN1 pET28a,并在大肠杆菌内分别诱导表达融合蛋白MCP-ompN1,MCP,ompN1后,再利用包涵体纯化及透析复性获得MCP-ompN1,MCP,ompN1蛋白。SDS-PAGE结果显示,原核表达纯化得到了较纯的MCP-ompN1 融合蛋白,Western Blotting结果表明,纯化得到的MCP-ompN1 融合蛋白不仅具有MCP抗原性,还具有ompN1抗原性。本实验通过原核表达纯化得到了鱼类神经坏死病毒衣壳蛋白MCP和鮰爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白ompN1的融合蛋白MCP-ompN1,为进一步验证融合蛋白MCP-ompN1能否作为抵抗神经坏死病毒的粘膜疫苗奠定了基础。     

Growth factors induce phosphorylation of the Na+/H+ antiporter, glycoprotein of 110 kD

The Na+/H+ antiporter, which regulates intracellular pH in virtually all cells, is one of the best examples of a mitogen- and oncogene-activated membrane target whose activity rapidly changes on stimulation. The activating mechanism is unknown. A Na+/H+ antiporter complementary DNA fragment was expressed in Escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein, and a specific antibody to the fusion protein was prepared. Use of this antibody revealed that the Na+/H+ antiporter is a 110-kilodalton glycoprotein that is phosphorylated in growing cells. Mitogenic activation of resting hamster fibroblasts and A431 human epidermoid cells with epidermal growth factor, thrombin, phorbol esters, or serum, stimulated phosphorylation of the Na+/H+ antiporter with a time course similar to that of the rise in intracellular pH.     

尼罗罗非鱼Hepcidin抗菌肽在大肠杆菌中的融合表达及其抗菌活性

Hepcidin是一类分子量较小、富含半胱氨酸的阳离子抗菌肽,TH1-5则是从莫桑比克罗非鱼(Oreochromis mossambicus)中分离到的3种hepcidin cDNA序列中的1种;虽然化学合成的TH1-5的成熟肽显示了对若干细菌的抑菌活性,但通过重组DNA表达的此肽是否也具生物学活性则是未知的。本文参考莫桑比克罗非鱼hepcidin TH1-5的核苷酸序列,以尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的肝脏为基因克隆的材料,对其类似于hepcidin TH1-5的成熟肽(mTH)进行了重组DNA表达。在构建的重组表达质粒"pET-32a-mTH"中,mTH基因与携带有6×His-tag标签和肠激酶识别位点的trxA基因融合,25℃下,经1mmol/L IPTG诱导培养8h后,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中成功表达了"trxA-mTH"融合蛋白。经固化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)纯化后的融合蛋白并不显示抑菌活性,但经肠激酶消化处理后,释放出的重组mTH显示了对革兰氏阳性的单增李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌以及革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性。     

二维电泳和质谱技术鉴定BmNPV包埋型病毒粒子的蛋白组成

 【目的】BmNPV包埋型病毒ODV（occlusion-derived virus）粒子在BmNPV感染家蚕初期起了非常重要的作用,主要包含了病毒感染初期所必须的蛋白质,解析其蛋白组成有利于进一步理解病毒和宿主关系,同时也为了进一步了解BmNPV的生活史提供依据。【方法】利用二维电泳对ODV病毒蛋白进行分离,采用考马斯亮兰G-250染色,经质谱鉴定。【结果】共获得70个蛋白点,大部分集中在等电点5～9之间,约占蛋白点总数的61%。其中59个蛋白点适合质谱分析, 数据库检索出20种蛋白,其中13种与AcMNPV中鉴定一致,而另7种蛋白是BmNPV中新鉴定出来的。此外,在二维电泳图谱上显示GP41蛋白点有21个,VP39蛋白点有9个。【结论】超速离心结合PCR技术提取ODV蛋白方法可行;二维电泳和质谱联用技术是一种研究病毒蛋白质组快速有效的方法。     

大肠杆菌6-磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因的克隆与表达

通过PCR克隆了大肠杆菌6-磷酸甘露糖异构酶基因manA,分别构建了含manA基因的原核和真核生物表达载体。在大肠杆菌中经IPTG诱导表达的GST-PMI融合蛋白,经亲和层析纯化和PreScission蛋白酶酶切,SDS-PAGE分析证实PMI蛋白为42 ku。对转manA基因的拟南芥进行PCR分析表明,manA基因已稳定整合到拟南芥基因组中。氯酚红显色反应证实,整合到拟南芥基因组中的manA基因能表达具有6-磷酸甘露糖异构酶活性的PMI蛋白。这些结果说明,克隆的manA基因可在细菌和高等植物中高效表达。     

昆虫病毒包涵体电镜样品的制备及其超微结构观察

在提纯昆虫病毒包涵体及其病毒粒子的电镜样品制备进行了初步探讨．结果表明：在电镜下观察，包涵体及其病毒粒子图像清晰，显示了病毒粒子的形态特征，可达到昆虫病毒电镜鉴定之目的．与此同时，还观察到某些包涵体表面呈蜂窝状或沟型凹陷等“前多角体”的特殊构造；多角体块状蛋白质晶格、多角体外膜以及杆状病毒粒子蛋白亚基斜纹花样、病毒粒子囊膜等超微结构．     

Structure of the uncleaved human H1 hemagglutinin from the extinct 1918 influenza virus

The 1918 "Spanish" influenza pandemic represents the largest recorded outbreak of any infectious disease. The crystal structure of the uncleaved precursor of the major surface antigen of the extinct 1918 virus was determined at 3.0 angstrom resolution after reassembly of the hemagglutinin gene from viral RNA fragments preserved in 1918 formalin-fixed lung tissues. A narrow avian-like receptor-binding site, two previously unobserved histidine patches, and a less exposed surface loop at the cleavage site that activates viral membrane fusion reveal structural features primarily found in avian viruses, which may have contributed to the extraordinarily high infectivity and mortality rates observed during 1918.     

烟草青枯菌FQY_4的抗生素类抗/耐药性相关基因分析

为探明烟草青枯菌基因组中抗/耐药性基因作用机理。在烟草青枯菌FQY_4基因组测序的基础上,结合培养青枯菌的半选择性培养基中抗生素的使用,采用基因注释及同源基因比较法,分析青枯菌FQY_4基因组携带的抗/耐药性相关基因。结果显示:青枯菌FQY_4染色体上和巨大质粒上分别有6个和12个与多抗/耐药性相关的基因,包括多粘菌素耐药蛋白基因、膜融合蛋白CmeA基因、二甲基腺苷转移酶基因、膦胺霉素耐药性蛋白基因、外膜多耐药性系统相关基因和抗四环素基因序列。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒HN99株N基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及产物免疫活性检测

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒HN99株核蛋白(N)基因PCR产物经BamHⅠ、HindⅢ双酶切,克隆入大肠杆菌原核表达载体pMAL-p2X,构建重组表达质粒pMAL-p2X-N,转化大肠杆菌TB1并进行诱导表达。通过pMALTM融合蛋白纯化系统对表达产物进行非变性纯化,将纯化的N蛋白按常规方法免疫新西兰大白兔,制备兔抗鸡传染性支气管炎病毒N蛋白的多克隆抗体,并用ELISA法检测其生物活性。结果表明,表达的重组核蛋门纯化后出现2条带,相对分子质量分别约为92和82 ku,与Western blot出现的2条蛋白带一致;纯化的重组蛋白经裂解因子作用后,出现2条蛋白带,相对分子质量分别为45和35 ku,与预期结果相符合;制备的多克隆抗体可与不同鸡传染性支气管炎病毒株发生反应,与亲本毒株的反应性略高于与其他毒株的反应性。以上结果表明,原核表达的可溶性N蛋白具有高度的生物活性,有望作为新的基因工程抗原用于鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的群特异性诊断。     

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus fusion-entry receptor: cystine transporter xCT

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and other lymphoproliferative syndromes often associated with HIV/AIDS. Functional complementary DNA selection for a receptor mediating KSHV cell fusion identified xCT, the 12-transmembrane light chain of the human cystine/glutamate exchange transporter system x-c. Expression of recombinant xCT rendered otherwise not susceptible target cells permissive for both KSHV cell fusion and virion entry. Antibodies against xCT blocked KSHV fusion and entry with naturally permissive target cells. KSHV target cell permissiveness correlated closely with endogenous expression of xCT messenger RNA and protein in diverse human and nonhuman cell types.     

鸡干扰素α受体Ⅱ胞外域的克隆及GST融合蛋白原核表达

应用RT-PCR技术扩增鸡干扰素α受体Ⅱ胞外域（CHIFNAR2 EC）基因片段,将扩增产物克隆至pMD-18T,转化J M109感受态。重组质粒与表达载体pGEX-6P-1经双酶切后构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-CHIF-NAR2EC,转入BL21,提取质粒酶切和测序鉴定。测序结果与参考序列比较,核苷酸同源性为99%。用IPTG诱导表达,对诱导条件进行初步优化,表达蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在。通过切胶的方法进行纯化,获取具有较高纯度的融合蛋白。表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western Blot检测显示融合蛋白分子量大小约为50 KD,采用抗GST抗体进行Western Blot,成功检测到特异性目的条带。