粳稻糊化温度遗传研究

本文提出了测定粳稻米糊化温度的改进方法，并利用该方法，以父、母本各3个及按NC-Ⅱ设计配置的9个杂交组合为试材，采用朱军提出的包括种子效应、母体效应、细胞质效应的三倍体种子模型对粳稻糊化温度的遗传进行了研究。结果表明，粳稻米糊化温度的控制以遗传因素为主，三套遗传体系对糊化温度的表达都有影响，但以种子效应为主。基因效应以加性效应为主。对粳稻糊化温度的改良应从亲本入手，宜在早代进行选择。     

籼粳交稻米品质性状杂种优势的遗传分析

用胚乳性状遗传模型和分析方法对籼粳交稻米品质性状的杂种优势进行了遗传分析,结果表明：各品质性状都具有一定的杂种优势,其中碱消值和蛋白质含量的优势较强。直链淀粉含量和胶稠度的优势较弱。不同性状杂种优势的遗传原因不同,直接显性和母体显性对杂种优势的贡献大小因性状而异,但总的来说,母体显性对籼粳杂种Ｆ２籽粒品质性状的杂种优势具有重要的意义,细胞质效应对部分性状（如胶稠度、蛋白质含量）的群体平均优势有一定     

陆地棉种子性状直接效应和母体效应的遗传分析

采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法，分析了陆地棉５个品种及其配制的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和正反回交一代（ＢＣ１、ＢＣ２、ＲＢＣ１和ＲＢＣ２）世代籽指、种仁率、容重和油分４个种子性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明，４个棉子性状的遗传均以母体效应为主，种子直接遗传效应作用较小。各性状的直接效应与母体效应的协方差不显著。通过母体植株的遗传表现对这些性状选择更为有效。可以根据籽指小和容量大等性状母体植     

籼型黑米稻粒形性状与其中某些矿质元素含量的遗传相关性

采用禾谷类作物种子数量性状遗传模型, 分析籼型黑米稻品种双列杂交F1和F2种子粒形性状与其中矿质元素Fe、 Zn、 Mn和P含量间的多种遗传相关性. 结果表明, 籼型黑米粒重、粒长、粒宽、粒长/粒宽与其中Fe、 Zn、 Mn和P含量除存在明显的表现型相关和基因型相关外, 尚存在较明显的种子直接加性相关、直接显性相关、细胞质相关、     

水稻稻米Hg累积的遗传生态特性研究

选用6个不同类型的水稻品种（系）,按完全双列杂交设计（6×5）配成一套亲本、F1和F2 3个世代的遗传材料。采用包括种子、细胞质、母体植株三套遗传体系的种子性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,系统分析了稻米汞含量性状的遗传特点。主要结果如下：遗传方差分析结果表明,Hg元素含量除了受制于种子基因效应、细胞质基因效应和母体植株基因效应等遗传主效应外,还会明显受到各遗传效应与环境互作效应的影响,汞元素含量主要以遗传主效应为主。在各遗传体系中,汞元素含量以显性效应及其与环境互作效应为主,种子基因效应也有一定作用。遗传率和选择响应分析结果表明,汞总狭义遗传率较高,世代的遗传传递力较强,在鉴定筛选淘汰时,需要加大群体才能达到降低Hg元素含量的育种目标。     

不同遗传体系基因效应对水稻籽粒碳氮代谢的影响

选用6个不同类型的水稻品种（系）,按完全双列杂交设计（6×5）配成一套亲本、F1和F2 3个世代的遗传材料。采用包括种子、细胞质、母体植株三套遗传体系的种子性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了稻米可溶性糖含量、全氮含量、糖氮比3个性状的遗传特点。遗传方差分析结果表明,可溶性糖含量和全氮含量两性状的表现同时受到种子、细胞质、母体植株三套遗传体系的控制,其中可溶性糖含量和主要受制于二倍体母体植株核基因的显性效应;全氮含量、糖氮比主要受制于种子核基因的显性效应。遗传率和选择响应分析结果表明,可溶性糖含量、糖氮比的遗传率较小,对其进行选择不易奏效;全氮含量以直接狭义遗传率为主,采用单粒选择易取得较好效果。     

浙江省早籼稻蒸煮品质的品种、地点、品种×地点互作效应研究

以浙江省1995年早籼稻品种区域试验6个试点参试品种蒸煮品质测定结果为材料,用多元分析法探讨了糊化温度、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量3个蒸煮品质的品种（基因型）效应、地点效应、品种×地点互作和蒸煮品质间的相关关系,剖析了各效应的相对重要性。分析结果表明,蒸煮品质的3个性状均以品种效应为主,而且依次以直链淀粉含量的品种间变异最大,胶稠度次之,糊化温度最小;环境对糊化温度有较大影响。相关分析显示,蒸煮品质间有相关关系,且完全来自遗传（品种）效应。     

籼粳交稻米蛋白质含量的基因型与环境互作效应的分析

用包括基因型×环境互作效应的种子性状遗传模型,对籼粳交组合的蛋白质含量进行了遗传研究,结果表明：在籼粳交组合中,蛋白质含量的遗传表达主要受直接加性和母体加性效应控制,以母体加性效应为主。直接显性、母体显性和细胞质效应方差分量也达到显著或极显著水平。基因型×环境互作主要表现为直接加性×环境、母体加性×     

籼稻稻米直链淀粉含量的胚、胚乳、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析

采用禾谷类作物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法, 分析了籼稻稻米直链淀粉含量的 胚、 胚乳、 细胞质和母体植株遗传效应以及环境互作效应。 结果发现稻米直链淀粉含量 的表现主要受制于基因的遗传主效应, 环境互作效应对其影响较小。 控制直链淀粉含量的 遗传主效应以胚乳效应为主, 细胞质效应和母体效应对直链淀粉含     

油菜籽硫代葡萄糖苷含量的胚、细胞质、母体遗传效应分析

采用双子叶作物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法，分析了油菜籽硫代葡萄糖苷（硫苷）含量的胚、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系的基因效应以及环境互作效应。结果发现油菜籽硫苷含量的表现主要受制于母体遗传效应，其次为细胞质效应，胚（子叶）效应对其影响较小。不同遗传体系的基因主效应要明显大于环境互作效应。硫苷     

普通玉米子粒性状四类效应的遗传分析

采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,以５个玉米自交系及其间配制的Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１,ＢＣ２为材料,研究了５个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明,除粒宽外,各性状的遗传同时由质效应和胚、胚乳、母体基因效应所控制,丰粒重主要受胚乳和母体效应的影响,粒长的遗传以母体效应为主,粒宽和粒厚以胚乳效应为主。各部位子粒百粒重的胚乳直接加性效应与母体加性效应的协方差达显著或极显著水平,其余性状的胚、胚乳直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著,通过母体植株的遗传表现可对这些性状进行有效的选择。在提高丰粒重的玉米育种中,以任一部位子粒百粒重作为选择标准可起到相同的选择效果,直接选择粒宽的分离类型有利于获得大粒的遗传材料。Ｓ２２是改良百粒重的优良亲本。     

Genetic effects on Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in Indica black pericarp rice and their genetic correlations with grain characteristics

Complete diallel crosses with 6 varieties of black pericarp rice and 1 variety of aromatic white rice were conducted to analyze the seed, maternal and cytoplasmic genetic effects on Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents in kernels by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in parents and their F₁s and F₂s. Seed, maternal as well as cytoplasmic genetic effects controlled the contents of all the mineral elements studied. The seed genetic effects were found to be more influential than the maternal genetic effects on Fe, Zn, Mn contents. Seed additive effects constituted a major component of the genetic effects whereas the seed additive along with maternal additive and dominant effects formed the main part in the inheritance of P content. The heritabilities of seed effects on all the mineral contents were highly significant (p< 0.01). The estimated values of narrow-sense heritabilites of seed genetic effects on Fe, Zn and Mn contents were high, while those of seed and maternal effects on P content were intermediate. Single plant selection and single grain selection based on the seed mineral element contents were advocated to improve the hybrid progeny. Genetic correlations showed that there existed significant genetic correlations of seed additive, seed dominance, cytoplasm, maternal additive and maternal dominance between grain characteristics such as 100-grain weight,grain length, grain width, grain shape and mineral elements Fe, Zn, Mn and P contents. Indirect selection of grain characteristics may be one of the breeding methods to select for higher contents of Fe, Zn, Mn and P in black pericarp indica rice. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inheritance of isoflavone contents in soybean seeds

Summary We studied the genetic basis of isoflavone content inheritance in soybean seeds. The progenitors BARC-8 (low isoflavone content), IAC-100 (high isoflavone content), the F₁ and F₂ populations derived from reciprocal crosses, and backcross populations were analyzed for isoflavone content and composition. Six isoflavones were detected: daidzin (DZ), genistin (GT), glycitin (GC), malonyldaidzin (MDZ), malonylgenistin (MGT) and malonylglycitin (MGC). DZ, GT, MDZ and MGT contents were influenced by the cytoplasm and the nuclear genes of the maternal parent. For this reason, a genetic model was considered that included the cytoplasmic effect and epistasis between nuclear and cytoplasmic genes. Except for GT, the additive effect was the most important one. For GT content the cytoplasmic effect was the most important. Except for MDZ, the epistatic effects were significant for all the isoflavone forms. Our data indicate that genetic improvement for these traits should explore the additive genetic variances in superior lines or the cytoplasmic effect and the epistatic interactions between cytoplasmic and nuclear genes to obtain the largest selection gains.     

粳型杂种稻米品质性状的表现及遗传控制

研究了由4个不育系及其保持系与7个恢复系配组的24个粳型杂种的9个品质性状的遗传表现 , 结果表明： (1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间, 但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有 较多的超高亲组合, 糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 (2)杂种的整精米率、 粒长、 粒宽、 垩白率、 糊化温度5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关; 糙米     

Dynamic quantitative trait loci underlies isoflavone accumulation in soybean seed

Most of quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying soybean seed isoflavone contents were derived from the harvest stage of plant development, which uncover the genetic effects that were expressed in earlier seed developmental stages. The aim of this study was to detect conditional QTL associated with isoflavone accumulation during the entire seed development. A total of 112 recombinant inbred lines developed from the cross between ‘Zhongdou 27’ (higher seed isoflavone content) and ‘Jiunong 20’ (lower seed isoflavone content) were used for the conditional QTL analysis of daidzein (DZ), genistein (GT), glycitein (GC) and total isoflavone (TI) accumulations through composite interval mapping with mixed genetic model. The results indicated that the number and type of QTL and their additive effects for individual and total isoflavone accumulations were different among R3 to R8 developmental stages. Three unconditional QTL and six conditional QTL for DZ, four unconditional QTL and five conditional QTL for GT, six unconditional QTL and five conditional QTL for GC, six unconditional QTL and seven conditional QTL for TI were identified at different developmental stages, respectively. Unconditional and conditional QTL that affect individual and total isoflavone accumulations exhibited multiple expression patterns, implying that some QTL are active for long period and others are transient. Two genomic regions, Satt144‐Satt569 in linkage group F (LG F; chromosome 13, chr 13) for DZ, GC, GT and TI accumulations and Satt540‐Sat_240 in LG M (chr 07) for TI and GC accumulations, were found to significantly affect individual and total isoflavone accumulations in multiple developmental stages, suggesting that the accumulation of soybean seed isoflavones is governed by time‐dependent gene expression.     

大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的遗传效应研究

大豆异黄酮含量差异较大的6个大豆品种为亲本，通过双列杂交配置杂交组合，测定了两个环境条件下亲本、F₁和F₂种子的异黄酮含量。采用双子叶植物种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法, 分析了胚、细胞质和母体植株等不同遗传体系的基因效应以及环境互作效应。结果发现大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的表现主要受制于母体遗传效应, 其次为胚(子叶)基因效应,细胞质效应影响较小。不同遗传体系的基因主效应明显大于环境互作效应。异黄酮含量的机误方差较大,说明异黄酮含量更易受到环境条件变化影响。亲本遗传效应分析表明, 选用豫豆29或郑90007亲本有利于增加杂种后代大豆籽粒异黄酮含量,提高品质改良的效果。胚显性方差和母体显性方差均极显著，表明种子杂种优势和母体杂种优势会同时存在，而且是不受环境影响的主效应基因。