性成熟程度、天气情况、外界温度对雄蜂精子总数和活精子比率影响的研究

本试验旨在采集到高质量的雄蜂精沌为蜜蜂人工授精教术理论的发展提供依据。本文较详细地研究了性成熟程度、天气情况、外界温度对采集到的高加索蜜蜂雄蜂、东北黑蜂雄蜂和意大利蜜蜂雄蜂的精子总数和活精子比率的影响,结果表明：（1）性成熟度一般的（即在稍微挤压下,雄蜂外生殖器就外翻的）雄蜂精子总数、活精子比率要比欠成熟的（即在稍微用力挤压下,雄蜂外生殖器外翻的）多。（2）晴天时采集到的雄蜂的精子总数、活精子比率要比阴天时多。（3）随着外界温度的升高,所采集的雄蜂个体精子总数增多;活精子比率也有增高的趋势。     

中华蜜蜂产生二倍体雄蜂的生物学研究

对中华蜜蜂产生二倍体雄蜂的生物学研究表明,在高度近亲繁殖(兄妹交配的蜂王)条件下,中华蜜蜂产生二倍体雄蜂,二倍体雄蜂的成虫率高于西方蜜蜂和印度蜜蜂,形态特征和生物学特性与单倍体雄蜂存在明显差异。中蜂二倍体雄蜂排精量少,精子密度低,精子总数少,精子活力较差,死精率高。     

花粉饲料对雄蜂质量的影响试验

影响雄蜂质量的因素很多,主要包括饲料营养、哺育群群势、蜂王质量以及天气情况等。作为主要营养源的花粉,对雄蜂质量的影响究竟如何？试验得知：花粉饲料的质与量对雄蜂的初生重、性成熟体重、采精量、精子密度和有效精子数量等方面均产生重要影响。充足优质的鲜蜂花粉是培育优良雄蜂的重要的必需因素。     

蜂王交配及蜂王受精囊的简明剖视第二部分蜂群是高级有机体

一、精子的贮藏和利用蜂王通常在受精囊中贮藏 5～ 6百万个精子。蜂王若和 1 0～ 2 0个雄蜂交配 ,可在她输卵管内搜集2亿个精子 ,但是 90 %的精液排出体外。每个雄蜂可生产 1 0 0 0万精子 ,超过了一只蜂王的贮精子量。蜂王交配行为乍看是一种浪费 ,她从许多不同雄蜂身上得到了精液 ,效益确实是很高的。虽然进入受精囊的精液只是一小部分 ,但是许多交配雄蜂为蜂王提供了精子。考虑到各个雄蜂产生的精子是不一样的 ,这样就使蜂群内的工蜂后裔产生很大的变异。Tarpy等报道有 80 %的蜂王和 5个雄蜂交配 ;有 5 4%的蜂王和 1 0个雄蜂交配。雄蜂的…     

营养水平对荷斯坦公牛生长发育性器官发育和初精品质的影响

对二十四头１５３±２１至４２０±１８日龄的荷斯坦公平按采食量１００％、８５％、７０％自由采食，分为组１、２、３．以测定其年龄、体尺、生长发育和营养水平与性成熟和初精品质的关系．结果，体重和体况评分随营养水平提高而线性增加，而采食量对体高和阴囊周径无影响。组１和组３比较，达到性成熟时年龄较小，体重较重，体况评分较高。这些性状与营养水平间呈显著线性相关．营养水平对体高和性成熟时阴囊周径无影响。采食量对精液量、精子密度、鲜精活力和活精子率以及初级精子畸形率没有影响。次级畸形率和总畸形率随营养水平提高而线性提高，但冻后活力和成活精子率与最高营养水平（组２）呈正曲线相关。屠体背膘厚、睾丸实质重、附睾精子贮存量、每克睾丸实质的附睾精子贮存量随营养水平提高呈线性提高。结论是营养水平显著影响性成熟、生长发育、生殖器官发育、日龄、体重、体况评分，次级和总精子畸形率，冻后精子活力和成活精子率、背膘厚。     

雄蜂精液室内常温贮存的探讨

将采集的雄蜂精液，分装贮精管内，置于20－24℃室温内常温条件下贮藏，25天精子活力良好，但随着贮存时间的延长，镜检时精子恢复活力使用时间也在延长。     

检测肉羊精子活率方法的比较

就精子加热法、伊红-苯胺黑染色法、中性红染色法3种精子活率的测定方法进行比较,以便找到一种快速又准确的方法。通过测定肉羊精液,结果表明,用以上3种方法测定精子活率,差异不显著。但在试验过程中发现,伊红染液浓度对精子活率有影响。中性红染色法能在光学显微镜下对精子进行形态描述与识别。     

黑龙江省家畜繁育指导站种公牛精子畸形率的观测与研究

在牛精液品质检查中,我们发现精子畸形率似乎与品种有关,为此,我们对黑龙江省家畜繁育指导站七个品种的种公牛畸形精子进行了生物统计分析,其结果表明精子畸形率与品种有极显著的差异,主要表现在ST（西门塔尔）与LM（利木赞）、ST（西门塔尔）与CL（夏洛来）之间精子畸形率差异极显著,ST（西门塔尔）与BL（比利时兰）、ST（西门塔尔）与HB（荷斯坦）之间精子畸形率差异显著,其他品种之间精子畸形率无显著差异。     

西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L)精子质量研究进展

蜜蜂育种工作主要是选育优质高产蜂王,但近年来雄蜂的重要性越来越受到专业人员和广大养蜂者的关注与重视,雄蜂的质量和处女王的质量同等重要。雄蜂的优劣主要通过雄蜂精子质量来判断,而雄蜂精液量、精液密度和精子的活力是当前衡量精子质量的重要指标。对近年来关于雄蜂体型、性成熟度、外界环境、营养条件以及p H值和渗透压等因素对精子质量的影响的研究进行综述,旨为蜜蜂育种工作者和蜜蜂生物学研究提供参考。     

狗人工授精中精液品质与妊娠率、窝产仔数的关系

用未经稀释的新鲜精液给３１只狗进行人工授精的妊娠率为７１％（２２／３１），并产出了１２４只小狗。用不少于２２０×１０６个形态正常精子进行输精的平均妊娠率为８１．５％（２２／２７）。其妊娠率显著地受每次射精时直线运动精子总数或形态正常的精子总数的影响（Ｐ＜０．０５），而不受其百分数的影响（Ｐ＞０．１），窝产仔数不受精子活力与形态的影响（Ｐ＞０．１）。     

水牛附睾不同部位精子超微结构及荧光标记差异分析

哺乳动物精子经过附睾成熟后才能获得运动及受精的能力,为解释水牛精子在附睾中的成熟过程,本研究选用性成熟期的沼泽型水牛附睾,利用乙烯吡咯烷酮包裹的硅胶微小颗粒（Percoll）梯度离心纯化分别提取附睾头、体和尾部精子,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统（CASA）检测精子活力,透射电镜观察附睾不同部位精子的超微结构,对精子进行荧光标记后,利用流式细胞仪和荧光显微镜观察检测不同部位精子质膜完整率、线粒体鞘膜电位和顶体差异。结果表明,Percoll分离得到附睾头、体和尾3部位精子的纯度达95%,不同部位精子活力分别为8.35%、20.21%和65.60%;附睾不同部位精子都存在着结构完整的精子以及相同的畸形类型,附睾尾部精子线粒体鞘高膜电位比率最高,精子质膜完整率从附睾头部到尾部逐渐升高,精子顶体完整率从附睾头部到尾部逐渐升高。本研究直观地展示了水牛附睾不同部位精子特征以及差异,为研究水牛精子成熟机理提供理论依据。     

利用流式细胞仪建立牦牛X、Y精子分选体系的研究

旨在探索与优化牦牛精子分选条件,建立高效的牦牛X、Y精子分选技术体系.本研究制备了牦牛精液细胞悬液,采用不同量的DNA染料Hoechst33342和诱惑红共孵育精子细胞.利用流式细胞仪分选牦牛X、Y精子,通过比较分选效率、分选后精子活力及发育潜能,优化分选条件.运用RT-PCR检测分选精子的纯度,利用精子分析系统检测分...     

越冬雄蜂寿命及其生殖力的研究

通过对越冬雄蜂生殖力的观测发现：秋季产卵较晚的新王群仍然保持着“容纳”雄蜂的情绪,在这种蜂群里大批雄蜂可以安全越冬;越冬雄蜂的寿命8个月以上;越冬雄蜂精子的活性正常,采集量符合常规标准;利用越冬蜂精液为早春培育的处女王授精,产卵后经长时间观察生殖力正常。     

Retracted: Effects of multiple collections on spermatozoa quality of Persian sturgeon,Acipenser persicus: motility,density and seminal plasma composition

In this study, we investigated the effects of multiple collections of sperm on the endangered Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, in terms of a number of sperm functional parameters (percentage of motile spermatozoa, total time period of motility and sperm concentration) as well as on the ionic composition, protein concentration and osmolality of seminal plasma. Semen samples were collected from 12 induced male fish in three experimental groups that had been injected intramuscularly with LHRH‐A₂, at dosages of 5 μg/kg body weight, at a number of time regimes: at 12 h, 17 h and 24 h after spawning induction (1); at 24, 29 and 34 h after spawning induction (2); and at 36, 41 and 46 h after spawning induction (3). The percentage of motile spermatozoa and the period of sperm motility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after the second and third collections. The concentration of spermatozoa decreased after the third collection, but this decline was not significant. No significant effect of multiple collections on protein concentration and ionic content (with exception of the Cl^? ion) of seminal plasma was observed. In all experimental groups, a moderate impact of sequential collection on the osmolality (p < 0.05) of seminal plasma was observed. This study provides new data on the effects of multiple collections on spermatological characteristics in the Persian sturgeon. Our results confirm that sequential stripping after the third collections has a negative effect on a number of functional parameters associated with sperm.     

采精员和猪舍环境参数对杜洛克公猪精液品质的影响

【目的】研究采精员、猪舍温湿度、氨气浓度和光照强度对种公猪精液品质的影响,以提高猪精液品质。【方法】选取347头(580±48) d的杜洛克公猪,收集2021年11月至2022年2月共2 966条精液测定记录,采精员做好每天公猪的采精记录,猪舍温湿度、氨气浓度和光照强度参数于每天上午09:00进行测定。使用R软件对采精员记录、环境参数和精液性状进行关联分析。【结果】(1)采精员对精液品质具有显著影响(P<0.05),8号采精员采集的精液精子活力最高、精子畸形率最低。(2)猪舍环境温度为22～25℃时,精子活力显著高于18.5～22℃(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著低于18.5～22℃(P<0.05)。(3)相对湿度在70%～77%时精子活力最高、精子畸形率最低,与相对湿度在46%～60%时差异显著(P<0.05),与相对湿度在60%～70%时无显著差异(P>0.05),相对湿度在60%～70%时精子活力、精子畸形率和总精子数都处于较高水平。(4)随着氨气浓度降低,精子活力和总精子数呈现上升趋势、精子畸形率呈下降趋势,氨气浓度2～4 ppm与5～7.3 pp...     

应用RAPD分析测定蜂王与雄蜂交配的数量

以卡尼鄂拉蜂 (Apismelliferacarnica)和高加索蜂 (Apismelliferacaucasica)的雄蜂精液对意大利蜜蜂(Apismelliferaligustica)的处女蜂王进行人工授精 ,并利用 11个引物进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记分析。根据RAPD标记计算工蜂个体间的平均遗传相似系数 ,然后计算蜂王与雄蜂交配的数量。结果表明 ,RAPD标记是测定蜂王与雄蜂交配数量的一种有效方法。     

Embryo development of porcine oocytes after injection with miniature pig sperm and their extracts

This study examined embryo development of porcine oocytes after microinjection of sperm extracts (SE) in porcine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). SE was prepared from miniature pig sperm by a nonionic surfactant, and various concentrations (0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg/mL) of SE were injected into the matured oocytes with a first polar body. In the pronuclear stage, the rate of oocytes with two pronuclei and a second polar body (21.4%) in the sperm and SE (0.04 mg/mL) injection group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to other groups. The rate of 2–4‐cell stage in sperm and SE (0.04 mg/mL) injection group was 38.1%, and it was significantly higher than that in the sperm injection group (22.9%). The rate of blastocyst stage in sperm and SE (0.04 mg/mL) injection group was 21.4%, the value was significantly higher than those in SE (0.08 mg/mL) injection group (0%), sperm injection group (5.7%), and sperm and SE (0.08 mg/mL) injection group (2.6%). These results suggest that SE induces activation of porcine oocytes and their further embryonic development, and that SE is effective for porcine ICSI.     

长时间现地保存解冻牛细管冻精检测研究

[目的]本文为了对条件差的养牛场(现地)解冻的细管冻精能长时间保存。[方法]做了2方面的实验研究:实验1:建立对解冻后的精子活力和细菌数2个关键检测指标方法的建立研究;实验2:设计冰水混合物及室温2种保存环境在不同时间对解冻后精子活力和菌落数的影响。[结果]表明:在室温保存2h精子活力差异不显著,2h后差异显著;解冻后精子在冰水混合物里保存4h活力和细菌数差异不显著,4h后细菌数增多,活力下降,差异显著。[结论]牛场要将解冻后精液保存在放到有冰袋的水里效果更好。     

A comparison of duck and chicken egg yolk for cryopreservation of stallion sperm

OBJECTIVE: Duck and chicken egg yolk were compared for their protective effects against cold shock during the cryopreservation of stallion sperm in a lactose-EDTA-glycerol cryodiluent. DESIGN: A completely randomised design was used. Procedure Ejaculates from five stallions (n = 14 ejaculates) were split and diluted to either 20 or 200 x 10(6) sperm/mL in a lactose-EDTA extender containing either duck or chicken egg yolk. The extended semen was then frozen in liquid nitrogen. The percentage of sperm total motility and forward progressive motility were assessed before freezing and at 0 and 1 hr after thawing. Morphology data were also collected at 0 and 1 hr post thaw. RESULTS: Total and forward progressive motility were higher when the sperm were frozen in the presence of duck rather than chicken egg yolk. Furthermore, the total and forward progressive motility and percentage of morphologically normal sperm were higher when frozen at a concentration of 200 than 20 x 10(6)/mL. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that the motility parameters of stallion sperm are improved when the semen is frozen in lactose EDTA extender supplemented with duck egg yolk rather than chicken egg yolk. Moreover, sperm motility and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm were higher after freezing at a concentration of 200 x 10(6)/ml rather than 20 x 10(6)/ml.