大规模定制下产品设计开发模式与分析方法

为满足客户化和全球竞争的需求,企业要实现大规模定制(MassCustomization,MC)。本文提出了大规模定制下的产品设计开发模式,并在此基础上,针对先进制造系统的特征--柔性,提出了一种基于柔性度的制造系统的分析方法,给出了柔性度的计算模型。     

MC模式下的虚拟企业产品设计模式与调度优化研究

大规模定制(Mass Customization,MC)生产模式下,传统的企业组织结构已不能满足生产的需要,虚拟企业成为支持大规模定制生产模式的最佳组织形式。本文分析了MC模式下组建虚拟企业进行产品所需遵循原则;提出了MC模式下虚拟企业产品的设计模式。在此基础上分析了MC模式下虚拟企业调度优化问题中的相关矛盾,借助动态空余设计能力的概念,建立了动态调度优化数学模型。     

财务柔性与企业非效率投资

从财务柔性的概念出发,讨论财务柔性对企业非效率投资之间的关系,梳理了财务柔性对企业投资、投资不足以及过度投资的相关文献,为深入探究财务柔性的经济后果提供思路。     

生物炭对有机菜心产量、品质及水分利用的影响

为探究生物炭对提升有机菜地土壤保水能力与菜心水分利用的作用,基于田间小区定位试验,研究不施肥（CK）、单施有机肥（MC0,110t/hm2）、有机肥+低量生物炭（MC1,110t/hm2+85t/hm2）和有机肥+高量生物炭（MC2,110t/hm2+17t/hm2）对土壤水分动态以及有机栽培菜心产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,有机肥配施生物炭可显著提高有机菜地表层土壤（0～20cm）含水率,增加0～70cm土壤贮水量,与处理MC0相比,处理MC1和MC2全生育期平均含水率分别提高4.7%和8.6%（P<0.05）,0～70cm土壤贮水量分别提高12.3%与3.4%。CK处理0～20cm土层含水率变化幅度大（10.5%～31.2%）,处理MC1变化幅度相对较小,为15.4%~30.4%。相比处理MC0、MC2和CK,处理MC1可显著促进菜心生长,增加产量,改善菜薹品质。菜心株高、叶片数和叶围面积均以处理MC1为最高,相比处理MC0,处理MC1生物量与产量分别提高36.7%、59.1%,而硝酸盐含量降低20.0%～44.3%。与MC2、MC0和CK相比,处理MC1周年耗水量分别降低3.6%、6.8%和13.7%（P<0.05）,而产量水分利用效率分别提高49.8%、75.7%和2264.8%（P<0.05）,生物量水分利用效率分别提高45.4%、46.6%和720.1%（P<0.05）。处理MC2与MC0相比,菜心产量和水分利用效率虽明显增加,但均显著低于处理MC1。研究结果可以为西北旱区有机蔬菜合理制定培肥制度提供理论依据。     

制造企业生产物流管理与企业市场导向的互动

制造企业需要突出速度和柔性等客户价值因素,并为此强化生产物流的管理,借鉴精益生产和BPR的部分理念,进行系统思考和规划,提升生产物流管理的效率,从而有力支撑企业今后市场导向特征。     

基于客户关系管理的柔性销售模式研究

由于客户个性化需求的日益突出,客户关系管理也日趋重要,而运用柔性销售模式将给企业带来更大的发展空间。为此,探讨了客户关系管理与柔性销售模式的相互关系;介绍了柔性销售模式的4个阶段;总结了客户关系管理与柔性销售模式结合应用的流程;分析了基于客户关系管理的柔性销售模式的几个特点。     

构建全员创新模式 培育“大创新”思维

正近年来,国网嘉兴供电公司致力于在管理创新实践中构建全员创新模式,培育"大创新"思维,通过充分发挥全员创新和改善作用,将先进的管理理念与企业实践相结合,涌现出了大批管理创新成果,大幅提升了企业运营管理水平,为加快推进"两个转变"提供了有力保障。保护创新动力源主要措施。营造宽松的、开放的、柔性的组织环境,鼓励创新,促使员工拓宽思路。倡导     

以“12345”工程为导向的管理创新

<正>开展能力素质提升工作是内强素质、外树形象,率先建成"一强三优"现代公司的迫切要求;是县级供电公司提升管理水平、争先创优、全面实施管理创新工程的迫切要求;是员工实现自身价值、获得本领、赢得尊重、有所作为的现实需要。县级供电企业必须认清形势,查找差距,找准定位,全面实施能力素质提升工作,提升企业管理水平,推动企业全面、健康、可持续发展。为此,于洪区供电公司全体员工高度重视该项工作,制定并实施能力素质提升的"12345"工程,把能力素质     

企业柔性雇佣外部知识型员工知识贡献影响因素的实证研究

知识贡献是包括知识共享在内的各种知识活动的基础,企业通过各种柔性雇佣方式大量获取外部知识型员工的管理现状迫使研究者们有必要跨越组织边界,对柔性雇佣的外部知识型员工对组织的知识贡献给予关注。本文通过理论分析和实证研究,对企业柔性雇佣的外部知识型员工知识贡献的影响因素进行了探索性研究,发现外部知识型员工的工作年限、与企业内部员工的沟通程度、互信程度、情感程度和认知程度是影响他们知识贡献的重要因素。     

创新培训机制 提升员工队伍素质

近年来,安徽省固镇供电公司结合企业发展的需要,不断完善培训手段,创新培训机制,丰富培训内容,优化培训方式,促进了公司广大员工学习意识提升、业务素质提升和应用能力提升．为企业可持续发展奠定了坚实的人才和技能基础。     

变量施肥自动控制系统的研制

以Mc68HC908GP32单片机为核心,开发了变量施肥的电液比例控制驱动系统.施肥机根据已知施肥处方图以及GPS的位置信号计算出流量信息并传送至嵌入式系统,由单片机实时控制液压执行机构,变量输出田间不同位置的施肥量.通过对施肥机的静止和地块工作试验验证,变量控制可靠,作业效果良好.     

Long-term stochastic simulation of mountain beef cattle herds under diverse management strategies

A stochastic simulation model was used to assess the effects of diverse management strategies on beef herds under mountain conditions in the Spanish Pyrenees. Animals grazed on different seasonal resources (valley meadows, forest pastures and mountain pastures) and were fed with forages and concentrates during winter. The simulated management strategies were winter calving (WC, weaning at 180 days), autumn calving (AC, weaning at 160 days), 8-month calving (8MC, weaning at 180 days), and two calvings in 3 years, with weaning taking place at either 170 days of age (2C3Y) or at 9 months (2C3Y9 M). Each strategy was tested for two types of production systems: (i) cow-calf farms that market calves just after weaning; and (ii) cow-calf/finishing farms that fatten the animals by means of an intensive feeding system until achieving a suitable weight for slaughter. A herd of 100 cows was simulated over 15 years, but only data obtained after reaching the steady state (year 6) was used in the analysis. The strategies were evaluated by considering reproductive, productive and economic performance. The percentages of pregnant cows at the end of the mating season were highest for 8MC, 2C3Y and 2C3Y9M (between 92% and 94%). The percentage was intermediate for AC (88%) and lowest for WC (78%), which also showed greater variability between years. The two strategies that extensified management (2C3Y, 2C3Y9M) produced, as expected, a lower number of calves weaned per year (59 and 60), whereas this figure was the highest for 8MC (90). Although AC and 8MC resulted in higher productive performances, the increased labour requirements and winter feeding costs resulted in low economic margins for these strategies, which also meant poorer utilization of natural resources. In economic terms, WC was the best strategy for cow-calf/finishing farms, whereas 2C3Y was the worst of the two types of production systems, although it resulted in the most intense utilization of grazing resources. The long lactating period of 2C3Y9M did not affect the reproductive performance of cows, so this strategy yielded the highest economic margin at weaning. The extensification strategies (2C3Y and 2C3Y9M) were less sensitive to changes in the price of feedstuffs. The information obtained from the simulation of the different strategies is useful for evaluating the possible trade-offs between production, economics, use of natural resources and labour requirements.     

区域农业竞争力评价与分析

区域农业竞争力对相应区域农业发展至关重要,掌握区域农业竞争力态势对农业发展政策的制定也有着重要影响.为此,从外显层面和潜在层面确定了包括8个指标的区域农业竞争力评价指标体系,选择熵权法确定各指标权重,创建了便于和全国平均水平比较的指标处理方法.以此为基础,对全国31个省市的农业竞争力进行了评价,并对评价结果进行了分类和分析.     

基于云环境和有限元并行计算的农机产品数字化仿真

为了解决现代化农机复杂产品数字化分析和仿真的计算开支问题,提出了一种基于云计算的农机产品数字化仿真系统平台,该平台采用云计算的三层架构和服务封装的思想,将有限元分析仿真系统的功能需求划分成服务,为有限元提供云环境下的并行协同计算功能。采用虚拟化技术,将有限元设计资源利用云环境进行集中管理,实现了软件交付的灵活性和计算资源的共享。以农机部件的大变形支持结构为例,对系统的模型建立、作业管理和数据处理3个方面进行了实例验证。仿真结果表明:采用云环境的并行计算后,其计算的收敛精度和计算效率都有了较大幅度的提高,能够计算大变形的农机部件结构,且资源的共享率较高,实现了农机部件的数字化、协同化设计。     

The role of innovation,servicing and obsolescence in agricultural extension

This paper argues for an expanded view of agricultural extension. Diffusion, the orthodox theory of technology adoption, is shown to apply to only one part of the life cycle of an agricultural practice. Other processes equally important to technological change, innovation, servicing and obsolescence, cannot be ignored.Innovation is the result of thinking in a way fundamentally different from science and the humanities. It employs modelling, pattern-formation and synthesis in the design process. Servicing after adoption is necessary to maintain a technologically-based practice and may require the major commitment of resources from advisory organizations. Obsolescence is the inevitable fate of all practices and may be dealt with by evolutionary modification or total substitution. All three processes may require of the extension worker and the supporting organization quite different skills and attitudes from those traditionally associated with diffusion. Organizations need considerable flexibility in order to manage all aspects of technological change.     

稻谷含水率分布及变化规律

利用计算机和单粒水分测定装置,测定稻谷干燥、缓苏、混合过程中稻谷的含水率分布,研究了稻谷与稻谷、稻谷与介质之间的水分交换机理和宏观运动规律。结果表明,在干燥初始阶段,如果谷层较厚或风量较小,高湿稻谷含水率偏差可能会随着干燥过程的进行而有增大的趋势,但最终的稻谷含水率趋向一致,加大风量可以提高干燥的均匀性;干湿稻谷混合后,稻谷含水率偏差随着混合时间的增加,按指数规律减小,稻谷的平均含水率越低,混合后的含水率偏差就越小。     

浇铸尼龙收缩应力的估算与有限元分析

MC尼龙等可浇铸成型的高分子材料,其成型收缩对芯模产生的挤压应力很大,从而导致脱模困难,有时甚至使铸件产生裂纹而报废。为此对高分子材料的成型过程进行了研究,提出了一种计算MC尼龙成型过程收缩应力的方法,并用有限元分析软件对该计算方法进行了验证,所得出的结论和评价表明该计算方法具有很好的适用性和较好的可信度,为MC尼龙等材料的铸件使用芯模的设计和拔模研究以及浇铸模具设计提供了重要的理论依据和参考。     

基于AHP-Fuzzy的竞争力评价体系应用研究

在分析企业竞争力内涵和性质基础上,针对我国农机企业的特点,构建了农机企业竞争力评价体系。提出了评价体系的设计原则和方法,建立了指标体系,并综合运用层次分析法和模糊数学对指标体系进行了权重计算和指标处理,实现了对农机企业竞争力的科学识别和评价。     

FSWM: A hybrid fuzzy-stochastic water-management model for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty

A hybrid fuzzy-stochastic water-management (FSWM) model is developed for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty, based on advancement of a multistage fuzzy-stochastic quadratic programming (MFSQP) approach. In MFSQP, uncertainties presented in terms of fuzziness and randomness can be incorporated within a multilayer scenario tree, such that revised decisions are permitted in each time period based on the realized values of the uncertain events. Moreover, fuzzy quadratic terms are used in the objective function to minimize the variation of satisfaction degrees among the constraints; it allows an increased flexibility in controlling the system risk in the optimization process. Results of the case study indicate that useful solutions for the planning of agricultural water management have been obtained. In the FSWM model, a number of policies for agricultural water supply are conducted. The results obtained can help decision makers to identify desired water-allocation schemes for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty, particularly when limited water resources are available for multiple competing users.