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The effects of a box in the pen on the agonistic behavior of pigs after regrouping was determined in 24 pigs from five litters that were kept in three pens after weaning. For the experiment, the pigs were allocated to six pens with four animals each and kept with their peers for 2 weeks. The lightest pig from each pen was removed and isolated for 2 weeks, and then regrouped with its original peers. At the time of regrouping, half of the pens were equipped with the box. The number and duration of agonistic behavior events were particularly large and long in the pen without a box on the first day after regrouping, and for the isolated pig on the first day (all P < 0.05). The number of times the box was accessed was large for the isolated pig on the first day after regrouping ( P < 0.01). The number of agonistic behavior events and the times the box was accessed was correlated on the first day after regrouping ( r s = 0.79, P < 0.01). The number of agonistic behavior events on the first day after regrouping was greater in the pens without a box than in the pens with a box ( P < 0.01). It was suggested that the box had the effect of reducing agonistic behavior after regrouping. 相似文献
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The effects on agonistic interactions of installing a tire in a pen with 24 weanling pigs allocated to six pens, with four animals in each, were determined. At the first grouping, two pigs were transferred from each pen to another pen where non‐littermates existed. Then half of the pens were equipped with a tire (Grouping 1). After one week, the pigs transferred at Grouping 1 were again transferred to other pens were non‐littermates existed (Grouping 2). At Grouping 2, any pen was not newly equipped with a tire and no pig was exposed to a tire for the first time. After another week, the pigs transferred at the previous groupings were once more transferred to other pens where non‐littermates existed (Grouping 3). At Grouping 3, the pigs in the pens with a tire were transferred to pens without a tire, and the pigs in the pens without a tire were transferred to pens with a tire. Then all pens were equipped with a tire. In Grouping 1, the effects on agonistic interactions of installing a tire were not significant. However, the injury score (less the score, less the number and damage of injury) was higher in the pens without a tire than in the pens with a tire (P < 0.05). In Grouping 2, pigs in the pens with a tire were attacked more than pigs in the pens without a tire (P < 0.05). The number of agonistic behaviors positively correlated with access to the tire (rs = 0.31; P < 0.01). In Grouping 3, the number of attacks received by pigs with no experience in using a tire was larger on the first day after grouping than on the 4th day (P < 0.05). The injury score was higher for pigs being transferred than for pigs not being transferred (P < 0.05). In conclusion: (i) installing a tire in a pen did not reduce the agonistic interactions of pigs, but it could change the style of their attacks, and (ii) initially having pigs experienced in using a tire can be useful for reducing the damage caused by agonistic interactions. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to investigate social behavior in preweaning lambs, especially their preferences in social interactions. A total of 30 lambs (16 Polish Milk Sheep 05 and 14 Polish Whiteheaded Mutton Sheep) were observed for 113 h 30 min during the first 2 months of their lives. Interbreed differences were insignificant both in agonistic and affiliative behavior. Males appeared to be more active both in agonistic and affiliative interactions. They also preferred other males in agonistic interactions. On the other hand, females fought more often with males, than with females. Lambs of both breeds preferred individuals of their own breed as partners in affliative behaviors. Twins preferred most their siblings in affliliative interactions and usually did not attack and fight with them. This study shows that sex and breed can influence social preferences in preweaning lambs. 相似文献
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从动物福利谈猪栏设计 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文针对目前在高度密集饲养的现代养猪中,许多经营者为简化管理、降低成本、提高生产效率．而采用一些不利于动物福利的猪栏模式这一现象,就母猪单体栏、生长肥育猪栏和保育猪栏的设计提出新的改进,使之更满足动物福利,并在一定范围内试用,效果理想。 相似文献
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Toshie ISHIWATA Katsuji UETAKE Yusuke EGUCHI Toshio TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):504-509
To determine seasonal and sex differences in behavioral motivation of cattle just after long transport, 54 Japanese Black × Holstein cattle were observed at 5 min intervals for 2 h just after 25‐h transport by road and ferry. The stocking pen (12.0 × 9.5 m) consisted of an eating area (near a feeding alley), a drinking area (near water bowls) and a resting area (all areas except for other two areas). First, the effect of season was determined with heifers in summer (n = 12: 7.9 ± 0.6 months of age; 292.0 ± 18.5 kg) and autumn (n = 19: 8.2 ± 0.6 months of age; 295.8 ± 15.5 kg). The mean temperature on the observation day was 28.5 (max: 34.5, min: 24.5)°C in summer and 20.3 (max: 26.5, min: 16.4)°C in autumn. Percentage of cattle staying in each area was different by season (χ2 = 22.0; P < 0.01). In summer, the percentage of cattle staying in the drinking area (26.7%) was greater than the expected percentage (16.7%). Percentage of cattle staying in the eating area was greater in both seasons (31.3% in summer and 53.6% in autumn) than the expected percentage (16.7%). However, the mean percentage of cattle performing each behavior was not significantly different by season. Secondly, the effect of sex was determined with steers (n = 23: 7.6 ± 0.6 months of age; 301.9 ± 20.7 kg) and heifers (n = 19: same as above) in autumn. Although the percentage of cattle staying in each area was different by sex (χ2 = 20.2; P < 0.01), the percentages of steers (25.5%) and heifers (53.6%) staying in the eating area were both greater than the expected percentage (16.7%). However, percentage of animals performing each behavior was not different by sex. These results recommend to stockpersons that they should install additional troughs for hay and water into a pen just after long distance transport, since the number of cattle that can eat and drink at the same time was limited. 相似文献
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K. E. Bøe I. Kvaal E. J. S. Hall G. M. Cronin 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(4):221-230
This research investigated individual differences in dunging patterns in loose-housed lactating sows. Farrowing pens were divided into six sectors and in study 1 each sector was given a dung score from 0 (no manure) to 3 (≥2 deposits). There were significant positive correlations between dung score and the weight of manure within sectors. In study 2, pen cleanliness was scored in 24 farrowing pens for loose-housed sows on three consecutive days in weeks 3, 4 and 5 of lactation (9 observations). One-third of the sows received a dung score of 0 for the solid floor area, in seven to nine of the observations. These sows could be categorized as ‘clean’ sows. However, 46% of sows scored 0 in the solid floor area for less than two observations, and these sows could be categorized as ‘dirty’ sows. Overall, older parity sows were ‘cleaner’ than gilts and mid-parity sows. 相似文献
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The effects of floor heating at parturition on sow and piglet behaviour in pens were examined in a Danish production herd. A total of 50 gilts and sows were split into two groups; one (n = 25) experienced no treatment; one (n = 25) was exposed to floor heating in the area of the sow around parturition. The sows and piglets were recorded on video 24 h a day for behavioural analyses.Floor heating tended to improve piglet weight at weaning (P = 0.05) but did not affect average daily gain. Piglets in pens with floor heating were more often in proximity of the sow at posture changes than piglets from pens without floor heating on day one postpartum (P = 0.01). Floor heating did not affect duration of parturition or any of the recordings of sow behaviour significantly. 相似文献
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Jamie T Parham Amy E Tanner Sarah R Blevins Mark L Wahlberg Ronald M Lewis 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(3)
Chute (CS) and exit (ES) scores are common subjective methods used to evaluate temperament in cattle production systems. A pen test, which allows behavior to be observed in a non-restrained setting, may also be an effective method to evaluate temperament by allowing more variation among animals to be expressed. The merit of pen scores in assisting producers in evaluating temperament is equivocal. The objectives of this study were to validate the usefulness of a pen score in delineating temperamental cattle and to determine whether these behavioral scores change under repeated and routine management. Over 3 consecutive years, a factorial design of two measurement protocols (frequent [F], infrequent [IN]) and three recording periods was used. The F measurements were collected over 3 consecutive days and IN measurements only on day 1 within a recording period. Each year, 20 mostly Angus commercial Bos taurus heifers were randomly assigned to each protocol. Behavior was measured using a CS, ES, and exit velocity. Body temperature and heart rate also were recorded. A fecal and blood sample were collected and analyzed for levels of various metabolites including glucose concentration and serum cortisol. Following routine handling, each heifers’ response to 30 s of exposure to a human stressor was recorded both individually and in groups of four. An individual (IPS) and group (GPS) pen scores were assigned from 1 (docile) to 6 (aggressive). For all heifers, protocol, event, and their interaction, were compared on the first day of an event. For F heifers, event and day within event were instead used. Body weight was included as a covariate, with sire and year fitted as random effects. Reliability of IPS and GPS were determined using a kappa (K) coefficient. Both IPS and GPS were reliably assigned (K = 0.64 and 0.44 for IPS and GPS, respectively) and positively correlated with body temperature, heart rate, glucose, and serum cortisol (r = 0.28 to 0.37). Furthermore, F heifers acclimated to repeated handling in an individual pen setting (P < 0.05) while acclimation to handling within groups was not evident (P > 0.14). IPS provides a reliable evaluation of temperament in a non-restrained setting that is indicative of an animal’s response to stress and may be useful when attempting to make phenotypic selection decisions. However, temperamental heifers became calmer with repeated gentle handling. 相似文献
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为充分利用广西农区丰富的秸秆、牧草、土地等资源,加快推进山羊业规模化、规范化和标准化生产,应用“一规范五推广”山羊圈养集成创新技术,引进隆林黑山羊和波尔山羊在右江河谷高热高湿地区圈养。建立了山羊圈养示范点43个,示范户203户,建设标准羊舍10350m^2,种植养羊牧草24.83 hm^2。饲养基础母羊6012只,圈养经产母羊产羔率为199.05%。山羊人工授精冻精、鲜精配种受胎率为76.56和81.43%。波尔山羊与隆林山羊杂交一代羔羊初生体重2.56-2.98kg,比隆林山羊提高14.29-24.67%。制订了DB45/T244-2005山羊圈养技术规范。项目技术成果为实现广西山羊生产由传统山区向平原农区发展重心的战略性转移和山羊产业持续发展与资源永续利用提供了科学新方法和现实经验。 相似文献
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试验通过对鸭胚注射芳香化酶抑制剂(AI)和β-雌二醇(E2)构建性反转模型,观察其性腺外观形态变化,并荧光定量检测雌性基因P450arom、FOXL2、SF-1和雄性基因DMRT1、SOX9、AMH等6个基因在性反转和正常鸭胚中的表达情况。结果显示:芳香化酶抑制剂能促进公鸭性腺发育,母鸭表现雄化;雌二醇能促进母鸭性腺分化,公鸭表现雌化。DMRT1、SOX9、AMH表达趋势相似,AI促进基因表达使胚胎雄化;E2抑制基因表达使胚胎雌化。P450arom、FOXL2、SF-1在AI组中被抑制使胚胎雄化,在E2组中得到促进发生雌化。该研究结果为研究鸭胚性反转机制奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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Fisher经典的性比分配理论预测:如果双亲繁殖雄性和雌性子代的代价相同,那么子代的性比应趋于平衡.然而,性比组成是长期进化的结果,常因不同因素的影响而出现偏离.文献报道猛禽由于存在不同形式的两性异型现象而导致子代性比常出现偏离,但子代性比偏离方向因种而异.本研究中我们对红隼(Falco tinnunculus)子代的性比组成进行了调查,目的是检验红隼子代性比是否受产卵日期、产卵顺序、卵重、出雏顺序或窝卵数影响.在窝水平上,红隼(雄性)的初级性比为47.0%,没有偏离0.5,但次级性比为40.8%,显著偏离0.5(p=0.029).在种群水平上,初级性比和次级性比都没有出现偏离.窝卵数和卵重影响红隼的次级性比组成,窝卵数越大,雄性后代数量越多,且发育为雄性后代的卵重较发育为雌性后代的重.初级性比和次级性比都受到产卵日期的影响,产卵越早,雄性后代比例越高. 相似文献
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Recent evidence suggests that many Australian agamids show temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) with variation in sex determining mechanisms among closely related taxa. However, as shown in other vertebrates, sex ratios can also be influenced by genetic or phenotypic differences among females in their propensity to produce sons or daughters, and these influences might confound any thermal effects of incubation per se. To address these issues, we investigated the determinants of sex ratios in the mallee dragon Ctenophorus fordi, together with a detailed analysis of karyotypes. There was no detectable variation in sex ratios arising from variation among females, clutches or incubation temperatures, which might indicate genetic sex determination for this species. However, there was no evidence of cytologically distinct sex chromosomes using standard banding techniques. The sex ratio pattern in C. fordi strongly contrasts with the results for the congener Ctenophorus pictus, where sex ratios show variation among females. Thus, Australian agamids offer promising opportunities to address fundamental issues in sex ratio biology. 相似文献
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Rolling behaviour of sows in relation to piglet crushing on sloped versus level floor pens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lone Danholt Vivi Aarestrup Moustsen Mai Britt Friis Nielsen Anders Ringgaard Kristensen 《Livestock Science》2011,141(1):59-68
The study focused on the rolling behaviour of sows and the crushing of piglets by sows' rolling behaviour. The experiment examined the influence of sloped floor in loose housed farrowing pens on the rolling behaviour of sows and crushing of piglets. The experimental unit was made up of 24 pens. There were two experimental pen designs with piglet creep in the corner of the pen and piglet creep across the end of the pen, respectively. Both of the experimental pen designs had a 10% sloped floor in the sow's resting area. The two control pen designs were identical to the experimental pen designs, but with a level floor. The behaviour of 85 sows and their litters was continuously video recorded. Behavioural observations were made from birth of the first piglet and until 3 days after birth of the first piglet. Rolling behaviour of sows caused significantly more trapped piglets under the sow than lying down from standing (P = 0.04). Rolling behaviour caused 64% of the trapped piglets and lying down from standing caused 36% of the trapped piglets. Rolling from udder to side without protection trapped significantly more piglets than rolling from udder to side near slanted wall or piglet protection rails and rolling from side to udder (P < 0.001). With a certain pen design sloped floor reduced rolling from udder to side without protection (P = 0.007) and reduced the number of trapped piglets (P = 0.01), but results concerning lying behaviour showed that sloped floor pushed sows to rest on the level part of the floor. The results indicate that rolling behaviour that crushes piglets can be reduced, and sows prefer to lie on a level floor. 相似文献