道路植物景观量化评价与实证研究

以桂林市10条主干道为样本,构建以生态效益、景观价值、社会功能三个方面为评价准则的道路植物景观评价体系,运用熵权法计算各指标权重及综合评价值,量化分析道路植物景观质量水平。结果表明,社会功能是影响桂林市道路植物景观的主要因素,产氧量、景观时序性、畅通度、降噪度是其重要指标;道路植物景观综合评价值范围为0.2995～0.7793,植物景观质量差异性较大,但景观质量整体较好;其中,七星路的综合评分最高,漓江路的最低,评价模型能客观评价植物景观质量。为提高桂林市道路植物景观质量提供科学依据。     

基于AHP-模糊综合评判法的茶文化观光园景观评价

影响茶文化观光园景观的因素是多方面的。文章选取5个一级指标,24个二级指标作为因素集,采用层次分析法(AHP法)建立茶园景观评价体系,应用基于AHP的模糊综合评判模型对江浙地区4个茶文化观光园进行客观评价。结果表明,江苏茶博园的景观综合评价结果为优秀,梅家坞茶文化村和安吉白茶园的景观综合评价结果为良好,阳羡茶文化生态园的景观综合评价结果为一般。评价结果符合实际,说明采用此方法进行茶文化观光园景观评价具有一定的科学意义。     

基于AVC旅游吸引力评价指标体系的乡村景观构建——以南岭走廊永兴油塘村为例

基于AVC三力理论基础,尝试探析乡村景观的旅游吸引力评价影响因素、评价指标选取原则、评价理论依据和评价模型的构建。以南岭走廊永兴油塘村为例,对其现有资源进行分析,构建油塘村旅游吸引力评价指标体系,根据综合分值进行分析,指出问题现状,提出规划建议,为旅游型乡村景观的可持续发展提供借鉴与参考。     

松柏山水库流域森林景观健康评价

以松柏山水库流域森林生态系统为研究对象,选择不同的景观评价指标进行森林景观健康评价,结果表明,该水库流域生态环境相对较差。对松柏山水库流域森林景观健康进行评价,旨在为松柏山水库的环境治理提供理论依据。     

基于AHP法的工业废弃地综合治理生态景观评价——以运城盐湖工业废弃地治理工程为例

通过对盐湖无机盐工业废弃地治理工程的实地调查,采用AHP法对其生态景观进行综合评价。结果表明:在评价体系中,自然、半自然景观和人为景观2个准则层因素,其权重均为0.500,说明盐湖工业废弃地改造中自然景观和人为景观重要程度相等;指标层由地形地貌景观、水体景观、植物景观、道路景观和建筑及园林小品景观5个层级组成,指标层的地形地貌多样性,综合值达0.7825,评价结果为非常满意;植物景观的乡土特色性综合值为0.1223,评价结果为非常不满意。盐湖无机盐工业废弃地的生态景观综合评价等级为"良",说明盐湖工业废弃地综合治理工程的景观效果良好。     

基于AHP方法的城市公园景观认知评价模型的构建

阐述了景观认知评价的概念及相关理论,以层次分析法建立城市公园景观认知评价指标体系。通过资料分析及专家咨询等方法得出8类25个评价因子,并对指标权重进行计算和分析,最终建立了多因素城市公园景观认知评价模型,实现了非量化因素的量化研究。     

园林植物景观评价研究进展

基于园林植物景观评价研究现状,主要阐述了美景度评价法、层次分析法、审美评判测量法、人体生理心理指标测试法及语义分析法五种方法在园林植物景观评价中的应用,并总结了不同研究方法相对应的绿地类型,探究园林植物景观评价的应用价值和未来发展前景。     

基于AHP法的乡村公共空间低成本景观设计方法研究

乡村公共空间景观设计是乡村建设的重点内容，在乡村振兴战略背景下，利用有限资金和资源建设乡村景观成了乡村建设的重要议题。梳理低成本景观的概念及研究现状，采用AHP层次分析法构建乡村公共空间低成本景观评价体系，根据评价体系指标权重对低成本景观设计要素进行排序，进而提出乡村公共空间低成本景观设计方法，为推进美丽乡村建设提供参考。     

银杏作为行道树景观评价指标的研究

银杏树形美观,在城市道路绿化中,被越来越多地用作行道树.本研究从生态性指标、经济性指标与艺术性指标3个方面,构建评价体系,并确立相应的评价指标,运用模糊综合评价法对吕梁市吕梁大道、西安市高新路、昆明市金广路、揭阳市池尾街道与合肥市徽州大道的银杏行道树景观进行评价.结果表明,这5条街道的银杏行道树景观效果美的隶属度分别为...     

乡村植物景观评价体系的建立

在参考学者的研究成果及相关理论的基础上,试图建立乡村植物景观评价体系。从乡村植物景观所具有的4种功能出发,根据评价指标选取原则,初步构建目标层、项目层和指标层等3个层次的评价指标体系,包括生态效应、社会效应、经济效应和美学效应等4个方面。     

林内色彩斑块分布格局对秋季生态景观林美景度的影响——以塞罕坝机械林场为例

色彩是林内最强烈的视觉语言,秋季林内色彩差异尤为明显,研究色彩斑块布局对人工景观林质量提升有重要意义。为了探究色彩对生态景观林秋季景观质量的影响特征,以塞罕坝机械林场白桦纯林、2个密度的落叶松纯林、白桦-落叶松混交林为研究对象,选取了36张景观照片,采用ArcGis 10.3软件对照片进行矢量化处理,采用FRAGSTATS 4.2软件提取矢量化后照片的格局指数,采用美景度评价法(SBE)对照片中景观进行质量评价,美景度计算用的是标准化处理后的数据,故对照照片为随机1张照片。通过比较秋季4个林分色彩斑块形状指数(LSI)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)、香农均匀度指数(SHEI)和分离度指数(SPL)的变化特征,明确林内色彩斑块景观指数对生态景观林美景度的影响,分析不同林分景观质量的差异性,进而为生态景观林经营与评价提供依据。主要研究结果如下：(1)白桦纯林斑块多样性指数最高,美景度与斑块多样性指数呈显著负相关(相关系数为-0.847),导致白桦纯林美景度最低,且与其他3个林分类型差异显著;低密度落叶松纯林美景度最高,人们对落叶松纯林喜好程度较高。(2)美景度与色彩斑块LSI值存在正相关性,...     

黑龙江省哈大高速公路景观评价体系研究

在借鉴世界各国高速公路发展、高速公路景观设计、景观评价研究的基础上,以哈大高速公路景观为实例,对黑龙江省高速公路景观现状进行了分析,建立较为系统、客观、简捷、实用且又能得到专家和公众认同的高速公路景观评价体系,并对该评价体系在其它高速公路路段的应用进行了研讨。     

Landscape characteristics affecting streams in urbanizing regions of the Delaware River Basin (New Jersey,New York,and Pennsylvania,U.S.)

Widespread and increasing urbanization has resulted in the need to assess, monitor, and understand its effects on stream water quality. Identifying relations between stream ecological condition and urban intensity indicators such as impervious surface provides important, but insufficient information to effectively address planning and management needs in such areas. In this study we investigate those specific landscape metrics which are functionally linked to indicators of stream ecological condition, and in particular, identify those characteristics that exacerbate or mitigate changes in ecological condition over and above impervious surface. The approach used addresses challenges associated with redundancy of landscape metrics, and links landscape pattern and composition to an indicator of stream ecological condition across a broad area of the eastern United States. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected during 2000–2001 from forty-two sites in the Delaware River Basin, and landscape data of high spatial and thematic resolution were obtained from photointerpretation of 1999 imagery. An ordination-derived ‘biotic score’ was positively correlated with assemblage tolerance, and with urban-related chemical characteristics such as chloride concentration and an index of potential pesticide toxicity. Impervious surface explained 56% of the variation in biotic score, but the variation explained increased to as high as 83% with the incorporation of a second land use, cover, or configuration metric at catchment or riparian scales. These include land use class-specific cover metrics such as percent of urban land with tree cover, forest fragmentation metrics such as aggregation index, riparian metrics such as percent tree cover, and metrics related to urban aggregation. Study results indicate that these metrics will be important to monitor in urbanizing areas in addition to impervious surface.     

Comprehensive evaluation of the Fruit Quality of the Main Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus spp.) in North China

To establish a quality evaluation system of the fruit quality of pear, 15 evaluation indicators of 9 main cultivars of pear (Pyrus spp.) in North China were analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to form a comprehensive evaluation model and select the characteristic indicators of the fruit quality. All of the 15 evaluation indicators showed significant differences from the results of ANOVA (P?<?0.05) among different cultivars. The values for coefficient of variation (CV) among 15 evaluation indicators ranged from 1.46% to 326.38%. There were different degrees of correlations between the evaluation indicators based on the results of CA. PCA was used to remove the overlapped information between the indicators, and then there were new variables with less information, so that the principal component comprehensive model was established. The rank of the 9 cultivars based on comprehensive scores of the fruit quality was listed as follows: ‘Mili’?>?‘Xuehua’?>?‘Hongxiangsu’?>?‘Daguoxing’?>?‘Yali’?>?‘Huangguan’?>?‘Yuluxiang’?>?‘Hongxiaoli’?>?‘Anli’. By combining HCA and principal component comprehensive model, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio, h^* and fruit shape index were selected to be the characteristic indicators for the evaluation of the fruit quality of the main cultivars of pear in North China.

     

Landscape cohesion: an index for the conservation potential of landscapes for biodiversity

In urbanising landscapes, planning for sustainable biodiversity occurs in a context of multifunctional land use. Important conditions for species persistence are habitat quality, the amount and configuration of habitat and the permeability of the landscape matrix. For planning purposes, these determinants should be integrated into simple indicators for spatial conditions of persistence probability. We propose a framework of three related indices. The cohesion index is based on the ecology of metapopulations in a habitat network. We discuss how an indicator for species persistence in such a network could be developed. To translate this network index into an area index, we propose the concept of spatial cohesion. Habitat cohesion and spatial cohesion are defined and measured for single species or, at best, for species profiles. Since species differ in their perception of the same landscape, different species will rate different values of these indices for the same landscape. Because landscapes are rarely planned for single species, we further propose the index of landscape cohesion, which integrates the spatial cohesion indices of different species. Indices based on these concepts can be built into GIS tools for landscape assessment. We illustrate different applications of these indices, and emphasise the distinction between ecological and political decisions in developing and applying such tools. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

沈阳公园运动空间植物景观研究与评价

以沈阳市公园为研究区域,针对公园运动空间旁植物景观进行研究评价。采用AHP层次分析法建立植物景观评价体系,进而确定植物景观评价因子以及各个因子的权重,对植物景观进行评价。     

蔬菜产业振兴标准指标评价体系构建研究

为科学评价蔬菜产业发展水平，促进蔬菜产业发展，在乡村振兴战略背景下构建蔬菜产业振兴标准指标体系，即基于科学性、实用性、系统性、引领性原则，从产业规模、基础设施与装备水平、产业质量、产业科技水平、产业绿色水平、产业经营主体、产业服务体系及产业效率和效益8个方面，选取了30个指标，构建了蔬菜产业振兴标准指标体系；最后，介绍了其应用范围及评价方法。     

辽宁省中心交通岛景观绿化模式评价与分析

侧重视觉质量、植物景观、人文功能3方面,选择对中心交通岛景观绿化影响较大的评价因子,建立合理的AHP评价体系,计算各评价因子的权重,根据权重对辽宁省10个城市的28个中心交通岛进行评价,得出其综合排序,并对其进行比较分析。     

森林景观美学评价现状与展望

认知森林景观并科学评价其美学价值,对于优化城市森林景观、提升森林美景度、改善人居环境质量有重要意义。目前,国内外森林景观评价多尝试运用景观生态学的专家学派方法、心理物理学方法、认知学派方法和经验学派方法,在定性描述的基础上,试图建立森林景观评价的独特体系。本文综合分析了上述四种方法的特点和应用情况,指出森林景观美学评价有可能在融合既有方法的基础上,借助数字图片编辑和景观可视化技术的深入研发,逐步发展定性描述与定量分析相结合的综合评价体系,为合理评价森林景观提供技术准备。     

蔬菜机械化水平评价研究与实证分析

为掌握我国蔬菜生产机械化发展现状、区域差异及薄弱环节,科学评价蔬菜生产机械化水平,理清蔬菜生产机械化的发展问题及思路,通过文献调研、专家咨询和实地调查等方法,构建了露地生产环节蔬菜机械化水平评价指标体系,包括耕整地、种植、采收、植保、灌溉机械化水平等5个二级指标,并提出了具体指标的计算方法。选取江苏3个典型蔬菜园区进行实证分析,评价结果与实地调研情况吻合。评价指标体系的建立对于制定蔬菜产业发展相关政策具有参考意义。