不同浓度氮、磷、钾对蝴蝶兰幼苗生长的影响

采用氮、磷、钾3因素4水平全因子试验设计,研究了不同浓度营养液处理对蝴蝶兰幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:氮浓度250 mg/L、磷浓度15 mg/L、钾浓度150 mg/L对蝴蝶兰幼苗生长、叶面积增长较适合.高磷(60 mg/L)降低幼苗叶长、叶宽及叶面积生长速率;高氮(350mg/L)促使叶细长薄弱,对提高叶面积增长率作用不大;高钾(250mg/L)有助于幼苗叶面积增长率提高和干物质的积累;幼苗叶面积的增长率与叶宽的增长率呈显著正相关;施肥有助于叶宽增长从而促进蝴蝶兰幼苗的叶面积增长.     

不同浓度营养液浸泡保水剂对黄瓜幼苗生长和光合作用的影响

采用不同浓度营养液浸泡丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸盐(钾)共聚交联物(CAA),与蛭石混合配制成5种基质,研究不同基质对黄瓜穴盘苗的生长、叶绿素荧光参数、光合作用的影响。结果表明:随营养液浓度的增加,黄瓜幼苗的生长指标显著提高,净光合速率(Pn)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)等光合作用指标显著增加;在5种基质处理中,处理5(总盐分浓度为10.98 g/L)效果最明显,幼苗生长指标、光合参数等均显著高于其它处理;表明使用高浓度营养液浸泡CAA与蛭石混合配制的育苗基质进行黄瓜育苗,既可以减少施肥次数,还能显著提高黄瓜的穴盘苗质量,可作为生产中草炭为主的栽培基质的替代品。     

盐胁迫对小型西瓜幼苗生长的影响

以"秀雅"和"秀丽"不同小型西瓜品种为试材,采用营养液培养法,研究了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对耐盐性不同的2个品种小型西瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:50mmol/L浓度以下NaCl胁迫对"秀雅"幼苗生长没有明显影响,75mmol/L浓度以上NaCl胁迫则显著抑制其生长;"秀丽"幼苗生长则随NaCl胁迫浓度提高而显著降低。在75mmol/L浓度以上,随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长,幼苗盐害指数显著增大,存活株率则显著降低,且同一时间、相同浓度NaCl胁迫下,"秀雅"幼苗盐害指数低于"秀丽",而存活株率高于"秀丽"。说明NaCl胁迫严重抑制了小型西瓜幼苗的生长,但2个品种对盐胁迫的反应存在明显差异,"秀雅"幼苗在盐胁迫下生长降低幅度较小、盐害指数较低而存活株率较高,对盐胁迫的适应性较强。     

微酸性电解水对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响

以"金棚8号"番茄为试材,采用基质栽培法,普通自来水配制的营养液(CK)为对照,研究了有效氯浓度分别为20 mg·L^-1(SAEW20)、40 mg·L^-1(SAEW40)、60 mg·L^-1(SAEW60)、80 mg·L^-1(SAEW80)的微酸性电解水配制的营养液对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响,以期验证微酸性电解水作为一种功能水对番茄幼苗生长是否具有促进效应。结果表明:SAEW80处理下的番茄幼苗干鲜质量均显著高于对照;SAEW80处理能显著增加番茄幼苗叶面积,且提高壮苗指数的效果显著;微酸性电解水的有效氯浓度对番茄幼苗叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的影响较小;根施微酸性电解水可以提高番茄幼苗的净光合速率和水分利用效率;SAEW80处理下的番茄幼苗根系总表面积、总体积和平均直径最高且显著高于对照。总之,低有效氯浓度的微酸性电解水配制营养液对番茄幼苗根施不会影响植株的正常生长,而高有效氯浓度在一定程度上可以促进番茄幼苗的生长,可以使用高有效氯浓度(80 mg·L^-1)微酸性电解水进一步研究作用机理。     

生物质炭对西瓜植株生长性质及品质的影响

以西瓜为试材,利用控制性的大田试验栽培技术,研究了不同浓度生物质炭(对照CK,0t/hm2、低生物质炭LB,5t/hm2、中生物质炭MB,10t/hm2、高生物质炭HB,20t/hm2)对西瓜植株生长性质和品质的影响。结果表明:不同浓度生物质炭对西瓜植株的生长均具有明显的促进作用,西瓜植株各生长指标均高于对照,其中以根长的变化幅度最大;生物质炭降低了西瓜幼苗非保护酶活性,提高了保护性酶活性,不同浓度生物质炭处理下西瓜幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性整体呈先增加后下降趋势,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性呈逐渐降低趋势,高浓度生物质炭引起了西瓜根系细胞的失水,抑制酶活性的发挥,产生轻微的抑制作用;施入生物质炭会增加西瓜植株根区土壤pH值和降低根区土壤电导率;生物质炭在一定程度上对西瓜根区土壤养分的累积作用和改良土壤肥力作用,但对磷素并没有显著的影响,土壤钾素的增加幅度高于土壤其它养分指标;施用生物质炭后,西瓜植物体内全碳和全氮含量均随生物质炭浓度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,全磷含量呈降低趋势,全钾含量呈增加趋势,并且显著高于对照(P0.05);以中水平生物质炭(MB)处理下西瓜植株品质最高,而高水平生物质炭(HB)可能会降低西瓜植株的品质。总之,生物质炭在一定程度上可以提高西瓜植株生长特性和根区土壤理化养分含量,但这还与土壤类型、西瓜种类、土壤肥力和生态环境等密切相关。     

拉肖皂苷C对萝卜、黑豆、松柳芽苗种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以萝卜、黑豆、松柳种子为试材,以蒸馏水为对照,研究了0.001、0.005、0.010、0.050、0.100、0.500mg/L不同浓度的拉肖皂苷C(LG-C)对萝卜、黑豆、松柳种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:0.005、0.500mg/L的LG-C溶液浸种对松柳种子萌发具有显著促进作用,各浓度处理对幼苗苗高均无显著影响;0.050mg/L的LG-C明显促进了萝卜幼苗的生长,幼苗地上部生物学产量增加,维生素C含量明显高于其它处理;0.001mg/L的LG-C对黑豆幼苗地上部生物学产量的增加作用明显,对维生素C含量的增加也有较显著的作用;浓度为0.001mg/L的LG-C对松柳幼苗的根长及须根的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对苗粗和根粗有明显的促进作用,0.005mg/L的LG-C则显著促进松柳幼苗地上部生物学产量的增加,同时有效增加其维生素C含量;试验表明,适宜浓度的LG-C在芽苗菜生产中具有一定的应用价值。     

不同浓度矮壮素处理对高温环境黄瓜幼苗徒长及定植后生长的影响

秋季黄瓜育苗正值高温季节,容易导致幼苗徒长,为明确高温环境下抑制黄瓜幼苗徒长的适宜矮壮素浓度及其对移栽后黄瓜生长的影响,以黄瓜康秀4号为材料,采用不同浓度（0、200、300、400、500mg/L）的矮壮素,在昼夜温度为33℃/23℃环境下对黄瓜幼苗进行喷施处理,分析比较黄瓜幼苗植株性状、壮苗指数及移栽后的株高及产量相关指标。喷施200、300 mg/L矮壮素处理均具有较好的抑制幼苗徒长的效果,喷施200 mg/L矮壮素处理黄瓜株高和下胚轴长均最小,分别较对照显著降低34.9%和24.1%,下胚轴粗、叶面积、根干质量、叶片干质量、壮苗指数均最大,分别较对照提高9.8%、1.3%、6.7%、12.4%、46.7%,且下胚轴粗和壮苗指数与对照间均达显著差异水平;喷施300mg/L矮壮素处理可较好促进植株干、鲜质量的形成,移栽后的株高较对照显著降低8.4%,前期产量较对照显著提高14.5%;喷施500 mg/L矮壮素则对幼苗及移栽后的生长造成了不利影响。因此,200mg/L矮壮素溶液适用于育苗,300 mg/L矮壮素溶液更有利于移栽后早期黄瓜植株生长和产量增加,可根据不同需求进行选择。     

尿素态氮对滇龙胆漂浮育苗幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以滇龙胆成熟种子为试材,采用漂浮育苗法及植物生理学实验方法研究了尿素态氮对浮育苗幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明:尿素态氮浓度在25～50 mg/L范围内,有利于幼苗茎叶生长;尿素态氮浓度为25 mg/L时有利于根生长;同时叶片中叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、根系活力极显著(P＜0.01)高于未施氮和其它浓度处理;与对照相比,当尿素态氮浓度为100 mg/L时,幼苗的生长受到明显抑制,叶片中绿素含量和NR活性降低,根系活力也显著下降.     

镉胁迫对‘丽春’桃树体中镉积累及根系生长的影响

以水培‘丽春’桃（Prunus persica L.Batsch.）幼苗为试材,研究不同镉浓度（1、2 、4 、8、16、64 mg.L^-1 ）和pH 5.6的条件下,根的生长长度,生长速率以及树体器官、茎组织、根、叶亚细胞结构中镉积累的变化。结果表明,处理2 d后,营养液中镉浓度小于4 mg.L-1时根生长速率较对照显著（P<0.05）增加,表现为促进生长,随处理天数的增加,刺激生长效果减弱。当营养液中镉浓度超过4 mg.L^-1、处理时间超过6 d,根生长速率随镉浓度增加而减少,表现为抑制生长。营养液中镉浓度为64 mg.L^-1时,根系停长。镉在桃树体中的积累量：器官中,根>茎>叶;茎组织中,木质部>韧皮部;根、叶亚细胞中,细胞壁>可溶性部分、细胞核>线粒体;根细胞壁中镉含量显著（P<0.05）高于其它亚细胞组分,这说明细胞壁在抵御桃树受镉胁迫时起到关键性作用。     

拉肖皂苷C对西瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以西瓜为试材,以蒸馏水和0.05 mg/L的油菜素内酯溶液为对照,研究0.0005、0.001、0.005、0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5 mg/L浓度拉肖皂苷C(LG-C)对西瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:用不同浓度拉肖皂苷C浸种,西瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长状况差异显著.浓度为0.001 mg/L的拉肖皂苷C浸种最有利于种子萌发.与对照相比,西瓜幼苗生长量及健壮程度均有不同程度的增加,且呈现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的生长趋势,其中浓度为0.005 mg/L的拉肖皂苷C浸种效果最好.     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

江汉平原麦瓜棉菜一年四熟栽培技术

江汉平原是国家优质粮食、优质棉花和双低油菜重要生产基地,也是湖北省西瓜主产区。种植西瓜对增加农民收入、丰富市场、发展农村经济、提高土地利用率具有重要作用。江汉平原西瓜生产的突出特点是间作套种,早在20世纪70年代就推广了“麦／／瓜-稻”这种水旱、粮经作物配套种植的优化模式．并获得原荆州地区科技进步二等奖。由于西瓜间作套种提高了单位面积的经济效益、     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

中国''''99昆明世界园艺博览会蔬菜瓜果园

蔬菜瓜果园作为中国’99昆明世界园艺博览会六大专题展园之一 ,占地 4 90 0ｍ2 。园内以农舍草屋为中心 ,通过瓜架、篱笆、草亭及蔬菜瓜果栽培 ,构出一幅农家乐园式的田园风光。另外 ,通过集中展示中国蔬菜瓜果的科技生产水平 ,丰富的资源优势 ,色彩缤纷、新奇别致的蔬菜瓜果品种 ,来突出本次世博会的主题“人与自然 ,和谐发展———迈向 2 1世纪” ,从而展现“蔬菜瓜果园艺是人类赖以生存的重要食源和艺术”为主题思想的蔬菜瓜果园内涵。　　蔬菜瓜果园位于世博园主入口世博大道南侧 ,与盆景园、药草园相邻。在总体布局、栽培上充分运用园…     

Some responses of cucumber,grown in beds of peat,to N,K and Mg

Two levels of N and four levels of K, applied to beds of sphagnum peat before planting (Experiment A), were tested in factorial combination with three concentrations of N (50, 175 and 300 mg 1^-1) and two of K (50 and 250 mg T1) in the liquid feed. In three cucumber crops grown, Mg was supplied or omitted before planting as a split plot factor (96 subplots). In two further crops (Experiment B), grown in fresh peat, six concentrations of N (20-320 mg 1^-1) were tested in the liquid feed, all other nutrient levels being constant. In Experiment A, the early yield was reduced by low and high levels of N. The main effect of N on the final yield was not significant, but maximum yield was achieved with 175-300 mg 1^-1 N in the liquid feed where the peat received a small amount of ureaformaldehyde (15 g m“2) and Mg fertilizer. The N x Mg interaction became increasingly marked with successive crops; the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<31%) increased with the amount of N applied. K deficiency reduced the yield by up to 66%, and very high levels of K also tended to decrease the yield. The K x Mg interaction became more marked with time and the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<23%) increased with the amount of K applied. Leaves from N, K and Mg deficient plants contained <2.5% N, <1.0% K and <0.28% Mg respectively. In Experiment B, where N was supplied only in the liquid feed, the highest yield was obtained at 220 mg 1^-1. The relation between yield and the total amount of N supplied in the feed was defined by a quadratic regression.     

盆景果树的发展、特点及价值

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