森林可持续经营需要森林认证

森林认证在短期内已发展成为一种过程，用来确定森林经营和操作是否满足规定的要求，森林认证的审查是由独立的第三方来完成的，对达到要求的森林给予认证。因此，森林认证的目标就是向木材产品     

森林认证的现状与意义

森林认证在国际上仅有十几年的历史,但由于它的概念符合现代消费者要求产品具有“绿色、环保、可持续经营”的消费理念,得以在全世界范围内迅速普及。森林认证工作在中国更是一个新生事物,但随着加入WTO,国际贸易的不断扩大,森林认证的建立迫在眉睫,它对国内众多林产品生产及加工企业而言,更是一张进入国际市场的准入证,必须引起高度重视。     

木兰林管局森林经营中存在的主要问题及对策研究

森林经营是国有林场发展永恒的主题,随着社会的发展和科技的进步,森林经营突出时代特征、把握资源特点,体现发展特色。木兰林管局在近年森林经营实践中,以资源为基础,以市场为导向,以科技为支撑,探索出国有林场培育优质高效森林,搞活林业产业经济,推动森林可持续经营之路。本文结合木兰林管局森林资源特点,对森林经营中存在的问题及可持续经营进行研究和探讨。     

森林认证进展综述

本文综合介绍了森林认证的意义、起源、背景、主要内容、实施步骤和国内外森林认证工作的进程。     

试述森林认证与森林可持续经营的关系

当前,森林认证已成为全球性的一项森林经营管理活动,成为促进森林资源可持续经营的重要举措。从全球来看,森林认证正逐步得到全世界生产企业和消费者的认可,将成为解决世界森林问题、促进森林可持续经营和林产品市场准入的一种有效手段。文章从森林认证的宗旨、产生的背景、森林认证的标准及森林认证的内容等方面阐述了森林认证是促进森林资源...     

中国森林认证探讨

通过研究森林认证与森林可持续经营、林产品国际贸易、保护生态环境和生物多样性以及中国林业同国际接轨等方面的关系 ,详细阐述了中国开展森林认证工作的意义和作用以及中国森林认证的进展情况 ,分析了森林认证对中国森林经营和林产品贸易的可能影响 ,认为森林认证是实现林业可持续发展和生态良好的文明发展道路的有效途径     

浅谈对森林认证的认识

文章通过对森林认证的特点、体系、机构、过程等方面的论述,阐述了森林认证对全球森林可持续经营的影响。     

木兰林管局森林经营类型划分及其管理途径

森林经营类型的划分,及其森林经营措施和森林经营管理类型的确定,是森林经营方案的核心内容。本文针对河北省木兰林管局所处区位条件、森林资源基础和任务,利用最新进行的二类调查资料,按照森林经营主导任务和现实森林类型,将木兰林管局划分为6种森林经营类型组和相应的26种具体的森林经营类型。从不同森林经营类型、森林经营目标出发,结合现有经营技术水平,提出了不同森林经营类型主要经营技术措施和管理途径。并就森林经营方案有效实施,提出了进一步完善森林资源管理政策、构建森林经营方案为核心的管理体系,以及加强森林经营管理人员能力的对策建议。     

木兰林管局商品林合理年伐量的探讨

采伐森林收获木材一直是森林利用的最主要方式,确定一个经营单位的合理年伐量可以充分利用现有的林木资源,发挥商品林应有的经济效益的同时,不断调整森林结构和提高森林资源质量。通过对木兰林管局商品林的龄组结构的分析,选择了合理的年伐量计算公式,得出了相对合理的商品林年度采伐量。     

关于FSC森林认证的实践与思考

通过对吉林森工集团森林认证情况的分析,提出了森工林区森林认证存在的问题及开展森林认证的必要性,对吉林森工开展森林认证工作提出了建议。     

木兰林管局幼龄林现状及经营对策

结合木兰林管局森林资源现状与林分结构,分析了幼龄林经营中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的经营对策和一系列的保障措施。     

中国森林认证试点——松江河林业有限公司森林经营认证中森林经营与保护实践分析

本文阐述了中国森林认证体系建设发展历程及松江河林业有限公司开展中国森林认证试点背景和过程,分析了森林经营认证过程中森林经营与保护方针、目标和原则,总结实践与经验提出具体森林经营与保护措施,并对吉林省森林认证前景进行讨论。     

木兰林管局华北落叶松人工林可持续经营对策探讨

在分析木兰林管局落叶松人工林的发展现状和存在问题的基础上,探讨了今后落叶松人工林可持续经营的途径,提出了加快良种生产,开展地力衰退防治研究,大力营造混交林,科学经营现有林,加强培育定向林等对策。     

A comparison of biodiversity values in boreal forest regeneration areas before and after forest certification

Abstract

In this study, 236 regeneration areas (mostly clear-cuts) in southern Norway were selected by random stratified selection: 118 of the study units were cut before and 118 after the introduction of forest certification in 1998. The degree of compliance with biodiversity measures established in the prevailing certification standard (ISO 14001 and the Norwegian standard “Living Forests”) was compared in a field study, and the differences were analysed. In some aspects, a clear difference could be seen, most clearly in an increasing number of green retention trees and an increasing mean width of buffer-strips left along rivers, bogs and lakes in the postcertification units compared with the precertification units. Even though there was a significant increase in the mean number of retention trees, as much as 21% of the postcertification regeneration areas still did not have sufficient retention trees to comply with the certification standard and 41% had either too few retention trees or too few spruce trees according to the standard. Concerning the management of small swamp forests, and the damage done to terrain and prelogging coarse dead wood by off-road transport, little improvement was seen. The discussion examines whether it is probable that the changes seen are a result of forest certification in Norway.     

Effects of acquiring FSC forest management certification for Japanese enterprises using SmartWood Audits

We explore the organizational, environmental, and economic effects of sustainable forest management (FM) certification by Smart-Wood (SW), one of the certification bodies accredited by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to carry out certification in Japan. We closely investigated three enterprises: the Yusuhara Forest Owners’ Cooperative, Yamanashi Prefectural Forest, and Ryujin-mura Forest Owners’ Cooperative. Interviews with representatives of these entities provided crucial empirical information regarding the influence of certification on environmental assessment, rare-species protection, landscape-management planning, management objectives, and forest supervision. Attainment of FM status improved environmental awareness and engendered positive changes in assessing and managing forests and other natural resources but simultaneously imposed heavier economic costs.     

Assessment of motivation and attitudes of forest industry companies toward forest certification in northwestern Russia

This study explores for the first time the attitudes and motivation associated with forest certification among forest industry companies in northwestern Russia. Interviews were carried out in the form of a structured questionnaire including 35 forest industry companies operating in northwestern Russia. Although development of certification in individual companies was initiated by general market demand, representatives of certified companies also emphasized the importance of internal corporate policy. Certified and noncertified groups of respondents identified market demand as a main driving force influencing development of forest certification. Ensuring the legality of wood origin, company's image and competitiveness of wood products were recognized as the most important benefits associated with forest certification. Absence of mandatory requirements from authorities and customers appeared to be the largest obstacle among both groups of respondents. Representatives of noncertified companies pointed out economic inaccessibility and low level of preparedness of management as of high importance, which is mainly associated with absence of quality management system. The results of the study indicated a general positive attitude on forest certification; it was noticed that respondents have gaps in understanding the principles and limited awareness with regards to forest certification, especially among noncertified forest industry companies.     

木兰林管局近十年森林资源经营效果及评价

介绍了木兰林管局近十年森林资源即种类、数量、质量的变化情况,反映了木兰林管局的自然及社会经济条件,对其经营效果进行了综合评价,指出无论是其生态效益、经济效益还是社会效益在十年中都得到了提高,分析了效益得到提高的原因,包括自然环境和社会支持及对科学研究的重视等。