Physiological Differences Between Yellow-Seeded and Black-Seeded Rapeseeds (Brassica napus L.) with Different Testa Characteristics During Artificial Ageing

Yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a new kind of breeding resources with yellow color, increased oil and protein content and less unwanted crude fiber content due to the thinner and transparent testa compared with traditional black or brown-seeded rapeseed. To analyze the longevity of the yellow-seeded rapeseed during storage, the physiological differences between the yellow and black-seeded near-isogenic lines were studied by artificial ageing method. The testa rate, anthocyanin content and melanin content of yellow-seeded rapeseeds decreased by 20.1, 25.2, and 80.4% respectively than black-seeded rapeseed. During artificial ageing, the yellow-seeded rapeseed showed significantly different effect of ageing compared with the black-seeded, as demonstrated by faster deterioration with lower germination percentage, seed vigour index, reducing sugar and soluble protein contents than the black-seeded, as well as a drastic increase in electrical conductivity, malnodialdehyde (MDA) content and a rapid decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The results suggested that the transparent testa of the yellow-seeded rapeseed lost some abilities to protect the embryo against adverse environmental conditions and thus led to a poor storability.     

Analysis of the Lignin Contents and Related Enzymes Activities in Seed Coat Between Black-Seeded and Yellow-Seeded Rapes （Brassica napus L.）

One pair of near isonegic yellow/black seeded rape （Brassica napus L） were used as experimental materials to study the changes of lignin contents and enzymes activities of 4-coumarate： CoA ligase （4CL）, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD） and ferulate 5-hydroxylase （F5H） in seedcoats during the stage of seed development. The variation analysis showed that the changes of lignin contents and enzyme activities of 4CL, CAD and F5H in seed coat had significant differences between black- and yellow-seeded rapes, and also between different development stages. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the lignin contents were positively correlative to the activities of all three enzymes investigated in the study, and the interactions between them in the seed coat of the two lines. For yellow-seeded rape, the correlation coefficient （0.7262018） of lignin content and the interaction between 4CL and F5H was significant, the lignin contents were highly positively correlative to the activities of CAD and F5H, the interaction between 4CL and CAD, and the interaction between CAD and F5H. For the black-seeded rape, only the lignin content was highly positively correlative to the activity of F5H （the correlation coefficient was 0.772949）, the other correlation coefficients, i. e. lignin contents to 4CL, CAD activities, the interactions between the three enzymes were not significant although all the correlation coefficients were above 0.5000. The results suggested that 4CL, CAD and F5H regulated the biosynthesis of lignin in seedcoat of rapes, leading to the lignin contents in the seedcoats of the yellow-seeded rape much lower than that of the black-seeded line, and affecting the thickness of the developing seedcoats in rapes. Therefore, it was likely to change the seedcoat ratio by overexpressing or suppressing the activities of one of the enzymes, both of them or all of them.     

甘蓝型油菜种皮花青素相对含量测定方法研究

在配合甘蓝型油菜育种工作中,花青素含量的变化是重要的一个测定指标,笔者介绍了一种改进的测定甘蓝型油菜种皮中花青素相对含量的方法pH差示法,同常用的盐酸甲醇法相比较,同样不需要标准样品,成本低廉,测定简便快捷,同时能有效的去除甘蓝型油菜种皮中褐色物质对测定结果的干扰,所得结果能更准确地表现出不同色泽的种皮中花青素含量的变化。pH差示法在简便,快捷的基础上,所测定甘蓝型油菜种皮花青素相对含量更为准确、有效。     

甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质性状间的相关性分析

 【研究目的】为探讨不同田间环境条件下,同一甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型各品质性状之间的相关关系,【方法】以甘蓝型黄籽油菜基因型GH01为材料,研究了由播期与密度形成的9种田间环境条件下粒色及其它主要品质性状间的相关性。【结果】结果表明：黄籽度与胚含油量、种子含油量间呈明显的负相关关系（相关系数分别为r=-0.6617和r=-0.7458*）,胚含油量与胚蛋白质含量、种子含油量之间仍保持着极其显著的负相关和正相关关系（相关系数分别为r=-0.9071**和r=0.8973**）。【结论】甘蓝型黄籽油菜黄籽度、种子含油量之间的相关关系随供试基因型的不同而发生变化,但另一些品质性状（含油量、蛋白质含量）间的相关关系并不因供试基因型间的差异而改变。     

甘蓝型油菜自交亲和性的遗传分析

通过四个杂交组合的四世代和三个杂交组合的六世代的遗传分析表明:甘蓝型油菜的自交亲和性(SC)至少受两对基因控制,其遗传力约50％或更低;SC的遗传效应中主要是加性效应,同时也存在显性效应和上位性效应。     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,0il Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile(RGMS)lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses.The crosses,their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters.Results showed that variationsfor seed yield,oil content,days to flowering and days to maturity were significant.Mean squares for hybrids were significant for allcharacters.High heterosis(-4.5%-88.3%),heterobeltiosis(-15.6%-81.1%)and standard heterosis(-34.8%-33.1%)were found forthe seed yield.The highest heterosis and heterobcltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190.The highest standard heterosiswas found in the Cross Qianyou8A×Q034.Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were demcted for the oil content.Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity.Among parents,Ⅲ188,Ⅲ224,and Q034 were proved to be thesuperior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations.2365,Ⅲ1224,and QH303-4AB were good for high oilcontent breeding.Ⅲ176,2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding.Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500kg·hm-2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis,heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis.Among them,10 crosses gave higher oilcontent than that of check.These crosses Can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content.Two crossesincluding Qianyou3A×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,Oil Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses. The crosses, their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters. Results showed that variations for seed yield, oil content, days to flowering and days to maturity were significant. Mean squares for hybrids were significant for all characters. High heterosis (–4.5%-88.3%), heterobeltiosis (–15.6%-81.1%) and standard heterosis (–34.8%-33.1%) were found for the seed yield. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190. The highest standard heterosis was found in the cross Qianyou8A×Q034. Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were detected for the oil content. Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity. Among parents, Ⅲ188, Ⅲ224, and Q034 were proved to be the superior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations. 2365, Ⅲ224, and QH303-4AB were good for high oil content breeding. Ⅲ176, 2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding. Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500 kg·hm -2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis. Among them, 10 crosses gave higher oil content than that of check. These crosses can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content. Two crosses including Qianyou3A ×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

甘蓝型优质油菜籽粒含油量和千粒质量相关性分析

检测了2004—2005年国家油菜区域试验8个区的甘蓝型油菜品种(系)的籽粒含油量与千粒质量,并进行相关性分析,结果表明,长江上游区(1,2组)、长江中游区(A,B,R组)、黄淮区和长江下游区(C,D组)共计8个区的甘蓝型油菜品种(系)的籽粒含油量与千粒质量的相关系数分别为-0.011 3,0.357 9,-0.268 4,0.194 6,0.150 0,0.523 0,-0.326 6和0.205 3,即除了黄淮区的油菜籽粒含油量与千粒质量呈中度相关外,其它7个区都呈弱度相关或基本无相关性。     

Heterosis of Double Low Self-incompatibility in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

66 F1 hybrids, produced by 3 double low self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties with a North Carolina Ⅱ (NCⅡ) crossing design, were tested for their heterosis in Wuhan, China during two growing seasons from 1999- 2001. The results showed that significant differences were found between F1s and their parents for yield per plant and seed oil content. Mid-parent heterosis of these two characters ranged from 5.50%-64.11% and from 1.55% -7.44% respectively. Heterosis for seed yield per plant was greater than that of seed oil content. For yield components, heterosis of total number of siliques per plant was the highest, followed by seed number per silique and 1 000 seeds weight. Significant genotype-by-year interaction was found for seed yield per plant. Results from correlation and combining ability analysis indicated that parental effects on its F1 hybrid depended on characters, seed yield per plant was affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and seed oil content was affected mainly by additive effect. When designing hybrid programme, parents might be selected by GCAs and variances of SCAs of parents for the characters affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and by the sum of GCAs of female and male parents for the characters mainly affected by additive effects.     

甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系性状关联性分析

[目的]评估甘蓝型油菜雄性不育系性状间的关系。[方法]采用半双列杂交方法,利用10个甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育系为材料配制了45个杂交组合。45的杂交组合和10个亲本材料于2007-2008年在贵阳种植并用于评估。[结果]植株高度、株有效角果数、初花期和成熟期与产量成显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.644,0.583,0.281和0.341;每角粒数与种子大小（千粒重）成显著负相关（-0.533）。株有效角数、每角粒数、千粒重和植株高度对产量的直接通径系数分别为0.5562、0.4074、0.4813和0.4017。[结论]株有效角数、每角粒数、千粒重和植株高度与种子产量成正相关,并对产量有较高的直接贡献。其它性状包括株分枝数、初花期、成熟期和含油量对产量的贡献较低。     

华南种植冬性半冬性甘蓝型油菜的可行性研究

本文通过对101个冬性、半冬性的甘蓝型油菜材料在湛江引种试验,以及2个年度的品种比较试验材料进行生态适应性分析研究,结果表明:冬性、半冬性甘蓝型油菜,在湛江也有正常的物候期和生长发育期,农艺性状表现良好,参试品种均能正常开花结籽,2006~2007年度的产量为1238~1944 kg/hm2,2007~2008年度的产量为1350~1951 kg/hm2。然而,湛江冬季气温却达不到阶段发育学说认为冬性、半冬性甘蓝型油菜所需要通过春化阶段的低温,这表明了冬性、半冬性的甘蓝型油菜品种通过春化阶段也可以不需要严格的低温,因此,华南的生态气候条件可以种植甘蓝型油菜。     

Genetic Diversity of Testa Pigments and RAPD Marker of Yellow-Seeded Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

14 yellow-seeded rapeseed lines (Brassia napus L. ) from different genetic sources were used toanalyze diversity of testa pigments content, oil and protein content, and RAPD markers. The results showedthat the anthocyanin and melanin were the most important pigments in testa and their content were responsiblefor the variation in seed color ranging from orange to black yellow, 14 yellow-seeded lines could be classifiedinto 3 groups., high anthocyanin content group with anthocyanin content over 2.54 mg g-1 DW, the seed colorwas light yellow or orange; low pigments content group with low content of anthocyanin and melanin, the testawas transparent and the seed color was light yellow, greenish yellow or twany; high melanin content groupwith melanin content over 178.4U(A290nm), the testa was black, the seed color was black yellow. Oil eantentchanged from 36.2% to 45.5%, protein content from 21.1% to 27.7%, and the correlation analysis revealedthat the oil content is highly significantly negatively correlated with the protein content. The cluster analysisshowed that the extensive genetic variation existed among 14 yellow-seeded lines by using unweighted pairedgroup method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on RAPD markers which were amplified with decamerprimers, the genetic similarity among them ranged from 0.25 to 0. 909, and 14 yellow-seeded lines could putinto 2 clusters corresponding to genome difference.     

甘蓝型油菜利用自交不亲和性的杂种优势

以一个自交不亲和系1010为共同母本与6个品种杂交,产生6个F_1代.用平均优势率、超亲优势率和对照优势率测定了F_1代的优势表现。结果表明,小区产量、主花序长、叶丛期叶长叶宽及主花序角果数的优势较强.讨论了三个优势指数的关系、杂种优势形成的原因及亲子间的相关性。     

甘蓝型油菜品种间籽粒产量及产量性状杂种优势分析

应用双列杂交设计,研究了遗传来源不同的12个甘蓝型油菜品种间66个双列组合的单株籽粒产量及产量性状的杂种优势。分析结果,21个组合单株籽粒产量具有超高亲优势,超高亲优势率为70 24%(30 70%～218 10%)。产量性状中,8个组合千粒重表现超高亲优势(3 57%～20 48%),其中7个组合为低千粒重亲本组合;47个组合单株角果数具有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为28 02%(0 93%～97 87%);13个组合的每角粒数有超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势率为11 67%。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜品种间籽粒产量超高亲杂种优势明显,可利用的杂种优势潜力较大;杂交油菜籽粒产量的杂种优势主要源自单株角果数的杂种优势,每角粒数和千粒重对籽粒产量的杂种优势贡献较小。文中讨论了甘蓝型油菜品种间杂种优势利用的可行途径。     

苯磺隆胁迫下油菜萌发期相关性状的全基因组关联分析

目的 研究苯磺隆残留对油菜种子萌发的影响,运用全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association analysis,GWAS）揭示苯磺隆胁迫下油菜萌发期相关性状的遗传因子和候选基因,探究油菜在苯磺隆逆境胁迫下的生理形态所反映的基因调控机制,为耐苯磺隆油菜品种的研究提供参考。方法 以241份甘蓝型油菜品种（系）为材料、25 mg·L ^-1苯磺隆溶液为处理液、蒸馏水为对照进行发芽试验。发芽7 d测定并计算相对发芽率、相对根长和相对鲜重。结合芸薹属60K SNP芯片分析群体基因型,通过STRUCTURE软件和TASSEL软件分别对该群体进行群体结构分析以及亲缘关系和LD衰减分析。为有效排除假关联的影响,采用一般线性模型（GLM）和混合线性模型（MLM）中的6种模型进行比较,确定每个性状GWAS分析的最优模型。同时,利用TASSEL软件在最优模型下对241份材料的3个性状分别进行全基因组关联分析,根据关联SNP位点的LD区间序列预测候选基因。 结果 241份品种（系）群体可分为P1（94份材料）和P2（147份材料）2个亚群,其中约56.28%的材料之间的亲缘关系值为0。全基因组关联分析（K+PCA模型）共检测到16个与性状显著关联的SNP位点,这些位点可解释9.42%—13.14%的表型变异率。通过分析显著SNP位点的LD区间与甘蓝型油菜对应的区间序列,筛选出25个候选基因可能与油菜耐苯磺隆有关,其中9个为细胞色素P450家族基因,5个参与谷胱甘肽合成或代谢过程,2个为多药耐药相关蛋白基因。同时发现与相对发芽率显著相关的基因ATGSTU19编码谷胱甘肽转移酶,参与毒素分解过程,在各种胁迫反应中起重要作用。在相对根长和相对鲜重共同鉴定到的候选基因BnaC02g27690D功能未知。结论 共检测到16个SNP位点与耐苯磺隆性状显著关联,筛选出25个候选基因可能与油菜耐苯磺隆有关。     

Analysis on Combining Ability for Characters of Male Sterile Lines in Rapeseed （ Brassica napus L.）

The male sterile line is very important in the hybrid breeding program of rapeseed. This study was conducted to evaluate the combining ability of many characters of male sterile lines in Brassica napus...     

甘蓝型春油菜杂交种陇油13号选育报告

陇油13号是以不育系24A为母本,恢复系C6为父本组配而成的甘蓝型春油菜三系杂交组合。在2011—2012年甘肃省春油菜区域试验和2013年生产试验中,表现高产、优质、适应性广等特点,适宜甘肃省春油菜区推广种植。     

甘蓝型油菜种子性状间的相关与通径分析

该研究对108份甘蓝型油菜骨干系材料的含油量、蛋白质含量与种子色素含量进行分析,结果表明：含油量与蛋白质含量、种皮色素含量及胚花色素含量、总酚含量和黑色素含量存在极显著负相关,蛋白质含量与种皮和胚色素含量均达到极显著正相关或负相关,与黑色素含量存在极显著正相关;通径分析表明,种胚类黄酮含量与种子含油量的直接通径系数值都较大,说明对种子含油量的贡献较大;蛋白质含量、种胚总酚含量和种皮黑色素含量与种子含油量的直接通径系数为负值,说明它们对种子含油量的贡献为负效应.种胚总酚含量和黑色素含量与种子蛋白质含量的直接通径系数为较大的正值,说明它们对种子蛋白质含量的贡献较大,为正效应;种胚类黄酮含量和种皮黑色素含量与种子蛋白质含量的直接通径系数为负值,说明它们对种子蛋白质含量的贡献为负效应.油菜籽的含油量提高受到蛋白质含量和种皮、胚色素的影响,蛋白质在合成过程中可能与油分合成竞争底物,与黄酮类化合物的合成代谢途径密切相关,种皮和胚色素含量分别在2个环境中相关性不一致,表明种皮和胚色素合成可能受不同遗传体系控制,色素在其合成代谢途径过程中的底物竞争性可能不同.     

甘蓝型油菜polCMS微粉控制及遗传改良研究进展

目前生产上大量应用的甘蓝型油菜polCMS普遍存在育性不稳定、容易产生微粉的现象,对其研究和应用造成一定的影响。本文介绍了甘蓝型油菜polCMS的应用现状、存在的问题及解决方法,对其在今后的研究方向和发展前景进行了探讨。