牧业资讯

进京生猪安全生产与管理技术保障体系建设基本完成确立了66家外埠进京生猪安全生产示范基地;建立了由本市和外埠动物防疫监督机构相结合,本市屠宰企业和外埠生猪示范基地相结合,抽检和自检相结合,共同对进京生猪生产进行监管的动物及动物产品可追溯全程安全监管模式;组织生猪定点屠宰企业与示范基地加快畜牧兽医高新技术应用与创新,实行产业化生产模式,并辐射到相关区域。截至目前,示范基地共向北京市四家定点屠宰企业提供生猪98.99万头,超额完成48.99万头,完成指标的198%,总体增效1.24亿元,确保了进京生猪无疫安全。我国定期发布农产品市场…     

生猪疫病统防统治的作法及体会

我市地处重庆与四川和贵州结合部,年出栏生猪１２０万头,产肉１１万千公斤,名列全国产肉大县前１［位,养猪业是我市农村经济的三大支柱产业之一。《动物防疫法》颁布后,我市政府制定出台了“江津市生猪疫病统防统治管理办法”,并同时与《动物防疫法》于１９９８年施行,两年来成效显著。１生猪疫病统防统治的具体作法根据《动物防疫法》及上级有关规定,我市政府制定的生猪疫病统防统治办法主要是坚持四个统一。１．１统一组织物资,即全市防疫所需各种疫（菌）苗、药品、器械等物资统一由市动物防疫监督机构负责组织计划、调运,以确…     

兰坪县生猪定点屠宰企业动物卫生责任书

为切实加强对我县生猪定点屠宰企业动物防疫活动管理,防止重大动物疫病发生,确保动物源性食品安全,保护人民群众身体健康,维护公共卫生安全。根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、中央编办《关于进一步加强"瘦肉精"监管工作的意见》、农业部《农业部关于进一步加强生猪"瘦肉精"监管工作     

规模养猪场标动物识及生产防疫信息报送工作的实施

为贯彻落实国家扶持生猪生产政策措施，有效防控重大动物疫病，保障畜禽产品质量安全，进一步规范畜牧业生产的经营行为，充分发挥动物标识及疫病可追溯体系在畜牧业生产统计、动物防疫和动物产品安全监管等方面的重要作用，根据农业部、省农业厅《关于开展规模养猪场标识及生产防疫信息报送工作的通知》[农医发[2007]17号]闽农医[2007]363号文件要求，     

外埠进京生猪全程无疫安全监管模式的发展应用

北京市动物卫生监督所在实施《进京生猪安全生产与管理技术研究与推广》项目过程中,初步建立了外埠进京生猪全程无疫安全监管体系,在应用中实现了对外埠进京生猪从产地、运输、屠宰等环节监控,形成了由企业自检为主、动物卫生监督机构抽检为辅的实验室检测模式、动物卫生监督机构检疫监督模式和监管信息反馈模式三者有机组成的外埠进京生猪全程无疫安全监管模式,这一监管模式在外埠进京动物及产品的安全监管中得到普遍的应用,并在动物卫生监督工作新形势和新要求下,不断的深化和发展:在运输监督环节实现数字化、网络化、视频化监管;加大官方抽检力度,增加抽检项目,拓宽检测范围,实行区域区划监管;用现代化装备推进可追溯体系建设等。外埠进京生猪全程无疫安全监管模式在应用推广中不断向科技化、现代化、规范化和可追溯化的方向发展。     

吉林省免疫无口蹄疫区建设实施方案

为全面推进吉林省免疫无口蹄疫区（以下简称无疫区）建设,依据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《国家动物疫病防治中长期规划（2012～2020年）》、农业部《无规定动物疫病区评估管理办法》、《无规定动物疫病区管理技术规范》及《吉林省无规定动物疫病区建设管理条例》,结合我省实际,制定本方案.     

生猪屠宰监管检查内容及处罚处理依据

生猪屠宰监管工作是畜牧兽医部门、动物卫生监督机构在食品安全方面承担的重要职责,是生猪产品流向市场的最后一道关口,做好生猪屠宰监管检查工作,对于保障人民群众肉品消费安全意义重大。笔者根据《动物防疫法》《生猪屠宰管理条例》《动物检疫管理办法》《生猪屠宰检疫规程》《生猪屠宰产品品质检验规程》(GB/T17996-1999)等法律法规,整理汇总了畜牧兽医部门、动物卫生监督机构的生猪屠宰监管检查内容和处罚处理依据,供大家参考。     

浅谈如何做好动物疫病监测工作

动物疫情防治包括疫情预防和控制,而预防需要及早发现疫情,采取积极措施,这就使动物疫病监测显得尤为重要。动物疫病监测是疫病监督机构对重大动物疫病进行定期和不定期的检测,掌握疫情的流行规律、发展动态和趋势,为制定切实可行的控制方案提供依据。《动物防疫法》自2007年8月修订后,为我国动物疫病监测提供了法律支持,积极推动了动物疫病监测的有效开展,因此,检测已成为各级疫控中心防控动物疫病的重要手段,采取有效的动物疫病监测是畜牧业生产安全及社会公共卫生安全的重要保障。     

农业部兽医局：逐步消灭重点疫病

日前，农业部兽医局发布了《农业部2012年兽医工作要点》，提出当前和今后一个时期内，兽医工作的两大任务是有效控制和扑灭动物疫病、维护公共卫生安全和动物产品质量安全。动物防疫的目标是逐步消灭重点动物疫病。动物疫病防控关系着食品安全，丝毫不能松懈。2012年要重点组织开展口蹄疫、禽流感、     

动物卫生监督执法是兽医工作的发展方向

各级动物卫生监督机构是《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》、《重大动物疫情应急条例》和《宁夏回族自治区动物防疫条例》等法律法规授权的执法主体单位．如何做到工作要法制化、手段要科学化、装备要现代化、操作要规范化、队伍要正规化．如何实现国家提出的力争到2015年对禽流感、口蹄疫在内的重大动物疫病实现全方位控制．区域性消灭的目标．是摆在我们各级动物卫生监督机构面前首先必须要解决好的一个大问题．     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.