不同氮肥施用量和播种期对两优6326产量的影响

在氮肥施用量及方法相同情况下,两优6326产量随着播种时间的推迟而降低;在相同播期条件下,两优6326产量随着氮肥用量的增加而提高,结实率则随氮肥用量的增加而下降。播种时间的迟早比氮肥施用量多少对两优6326产量的影响程度更大。试验结果表明,两优6326在生产上以纯氮施用量225.0~262.5 kg/hm2、5月15-20日播种为宜。     

江汉平原“一种两收”优良水稻品种筛选

为了筛选适宜江汉平原"一种两收"的水稻良种,设置了丰两优香1号(对照)、两优6326、新两优223、丰两优1号等14个品种的适宜稻种筛选试验。试验表明:1供试品种的头季及再生季生育期与对照丰两优香1号均无显著差异。2试验品种两季总产量为810.72~1 111.3 kg/667 m~2,平均产量959.07 kg/667 m~2;其中,广两优1128两季总产(1 111.3kg/667 m~2)显著高于对照丰两优香1号(1 005.02 kg/667 m~2)。C两优华占、两优6326,、新两优223、新两优6号及准两优527均高于对照丰两优香1号,未达到显著水平。因此,与对照丰两优香1号相比,供试品种中广两优1128,C两优华占、两优6326、新两优223、新两优6号及准两优527均适宜用做江汉平原再生稻品种,其中广两优1128最适宜江汉平原再生稻生产。     

甬优4949和超优1000在华中地区再生稻种植的氮肥运筹研究

【目的】研究不同氮肥运筹处理下,超优1000、甬优4949作再生稻种植时的产量、氮肥偏生产力以及再生力的表现,以期为超优1000和甬优4949引入再生稻系统提供理论依据。【方法】试验为裂区设计,主区为氮肥处理,共设置了6个不同的氮肥处理,分别为N_1(120_main150_ratoon)、N_2(120_main225_ratoon)、N_3(185_main150_ratoon)、N_4(185_main225_ratoon)、N_5(250_main150_ratoon)、N_6(250_main225_ratoon);品种为副区(甬优4949、超优1000,两优6326作为再生稻大面积种植的对照品种)。测定不同品种在不同氮肥运筹下株高、分蘖数、叶面积指数、地上部生物量、产量、产量构成因子和成熟籽粒氮含量。【结果】试验结果表明,在头季,两优6326、超优1000、甬优4949最高产量分别为9.16 t/hm^2、9.08 t/hm^2和11.15 t/hm^2,其对应的施氮量分别为185 kg/hm^2、120 kg/hm^2和185 kg/hm^2。三个品种在高施氮量下(225 kg/hm^2)的平均再生季产量分别为5.41 t/hm^2、4.98 t/hm^2、6.02 t/hm^2,在低施氮量下(150kg/hm^2)的平均再生季产量分别为5.78 t/hm^2、5.41 t/hm^2、6.49 t/hm^2。然而,三个品种在低氮处理下的氮肥偏生产力均显著高于高氮处理。综合产量和氮肥偏生产力,甬优4949的最优氮肥运筹应与两优6326保持一致(185_main150_ratoon),而超优1000在目前的产量水平下的头季施氮量低于两优6326(120 kg/hm^2),而再生季可与两优6326保持一致。【结论】甬优4949可在华中地区作再生稻种植并且氮肥运筹模式可与两优6326保持一致,而超优1000由于生育期太长,再生季不能完全成熟,不适合在华中地区作再生稻种植。     

两优6326在江西上饶种植表现及高产栽培技术

两优6326是安徽省宣城市农科所选育的两系杂交稻组合,2007-2008年在上饶市不同土壤肥力的水稻生产区域进行示范推广,产量9.22～9.90 t/hm2.介绍了其种植表现及栽培技术.     

优质高产两系杂交中籼新组合皖稻119的选育与应用

皖稻119(原名两优6326)是宣城市农科所用自育的优质光温敏核不育系宣69S与优质中籼新品系wh26配组育成的杂交中籼新组合.该组合具有生育期适中、米质优、产量高、中抗白叶枯病等特点,2004年3月通过安徽省农作物品种审定.介绍了其选育过程、主要特征特性及栽培制种技术要点.     

两优6326在安徽巢湖示范表现及高产栽培技术

两优6326是安徽省宣城市农科所选育的两系杂交稻组合,2007-2009年在安徽省水稻产业提升行动巢湖农科所示范点种植表现突出,产量9.51～10.07t/h㎡.介绍了该组合的示范表现及高产栽培技术.     

江西发现一秆双穗水稻植株

2009年9月20日在江西省东乡县虎圩乡陈桥村委会揭家村小组,笔者在观察两系杂交水稻两优6326高产栽培展示田时,在靠田埂的一蔸水稻中意外发现一根茎秆长着两个结实正常的稻穗(简称为双穗禾),一个稻穗与正常水稻一样从剑叶节长出,另一个稻穗则从倒2叶节长出.     

豫南稻区再生稻精确定量施肥技术探讨

为探讨豫南稻区再生稻精确定量施肥技术的最佳用氮量,以杂交籼稻两优6326为材料,比较分析了5个不同施氮水平条件下的水稻生长、病虫害发生、倒伏等情况及产量表现,并通过经济效益曲线拟合,得出最佳用氮量。结果表明,以头季稻施氮14.8 kg/667 m^2、再生季施氮9.0 kg/667 m^2时再生稻两季产量均较高。在此施肥水平,头季稻群体适宜,后期光合速率正常,纹枯病危害和倒伏相对较轻,成熟期茎鞘干物质积累较多,有利于高节位再生芽的萌发。经济效益曲线拟合结果显示,杂交籼稻两优6326作再生稻种植全生育期适宜施N量为27.5 kg/667 m^2,产量可达847.11 kg/667 m^2。     

不同留茬高度对豫南再生稻生育期及产量的影响

为探讨"中稻+再生稻"高效种植模式在豫南稻区的配套栽培技术,以两优6326为试验材料,开展了头季稻不同留茬高度对再生稻影响的试验。结果表明,随着留茬高度的提高,再生稻的生育期呈先缩短后延长的趋势,每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重降低,总穗数逐渐增加;当留茬高度低于25 cm时,倒4节及其以下节位是再生稻产量贡献的主要节位;当留茬高度在30~40 cm时,倒3节和倒4节是再生稻产量贡献的主要节位;当留茬高度高于45 cm时,倒2节和倒3节是再生稻产量贡献的主要节位。两优6326在留茬高度为45 cm时,再生季生育期最短,产量最高,达到5 665.5 kg/km~2,倒2节和倒3节产量的贡献率达70.57%。豫南稻区再生稻栽培可参照两优6326采取"留2保3争4"的措施,在收割时要兼顾当年腋芽生长的长度,充分利用倒2节和倒3节上的优势芽,提高再生稻产量。     

豫南稻区再生稻品种灰色关联度分析与评价

为筛选出适合豫南稻区种植的再生稻品种,本试验应用灰色关联度分析法,对10个再生稻品种头季及再生季的产量和主要经济性状进行关联分析。结果表明,富两优1号的等权关联度和加权关联度均最大,是豫南稻区理想的再生稻品种;其次是两优6326和皖稻199;丰源优358、穗源9号、两优302等3个品种与目标品种的关联度接近,也可作为再生稻在豫南稻区种植;皖旱优26的关联度较小,与目标品种相差甚远,不适合在豫南稻区作再生稻种植。     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。