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福建省大麦品种改良的回顾与探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
福建省建国以来大麦品种的改良应用,经历了着评选利用地方品种、引进利国国内外品种如改良选育本省当家品种的三个发展阶段,实现了大麦品种改良从高层的跨越,极大地提高品种对产量增长的贡献率。分析三个阶段品种改良的过程,探讨品种改良的发展方向,以促进大麦品种改良更加适应现代农业的发展。 相似文献
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高梁品种遗传改良取得的成果很大程度上取决于占有的高梁种质资源的数量,以及对其主要性状的鉴定、创新和利用。在高粱育种史上,品种改良的突破性进展,往往都是由于找到并利用了具有关键基因的种质。目前,已创造和选育出7种不同细胞质雄性不育系,其育性反应各不一样。除A.细胞质不育系组配的杂交种得到广泛应用外,A:细胞质不育系的杂交种在生产上应用,A,细胞质不育系在甜高粱杂交种上应用。籽粒优质、茎秆高糖、低氰氢酸、抗病虫、抗杂草、抗干旱等抗性种质资源也得到了创新利用。 相似文献
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对新型高梁品种“大米小麦旱高梁”的单宁含量及利用前景进行了探讨。品质鉴定结果表明:“大米小麦旱高梁”是个不含单宁的高梁新资源。它的发现,为我国高梁优质育种、品质改良找到了十分珍贵难得的亲本材料。该品种也是进行深加工综合开发利用的理想的粮作资源。 相似文献
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我国爆粒高梁资源的发现怀初步鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在广西西南部山区的考察中,发现并收集了25份爆粒高梁资源,经鉴定分析,爆粒高梁籽粒的爆粒率达94.14%,膨胀系数在10.01,有较好的利用价值。其中上甫高梁和龙合高高梁的爆粒率在97%以上,膨胀系数11.90以上,是我国现有爆粒高梁中的优良种质。 相似文献
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中国油菜品种改良的中长期发展战略 总被引:28,自引:10,他引:28
王汉中 《中国油料作物学报》2004,26(2):98-101
文中回顾了油菜品种改良的主要成就及其对推动中国油菜生产发展的突出贡献,揭示了目前中国油菜品种改良存在的主要问题,提出了未来15年中国油菜品种改良的发展战略. 相似文献
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福建省建国以来大麦品种的改良应用 ,经历着评选利用地方品种、引进利用国内外品种和改良选育本省当家品种的三个发展阶段 ,实现了大麦品种改良从低层次向高层次的跨越 ,极大地提高品种对产量增长的贡献率。分析三个阶段品种改良的过程 ,探讨品种改良的发展方向 ,以促进大麦品种改良更加适应现代农业的发展。 相似文献
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盐碱地适盐种植是目前发展盐碱地产业的重要模式。以3个酿酒高粱品种为研究对象,通过测定并分析酿酒高粱的农艺性状、产量及籽粒品质等指标,筛选出耐盐、优质高产的酿酒高粱品种以丰富河套灌区作物的种植结构,降低因长年种植葵花引起各种病虫害的发生,并提供优质酿酒原料。研究结果表明:1)吉杂127的产量最高,为10 832.0 kg/hm^2,其次是辽杂19的10 429.8 kg/hm^2;2)辽杂19农艺性状、产量及籽粒淀粉、蛋白质含量和容重等指标优于其他品种,为最佳酿酒高粱品种;3)相比于种植葵花,种植高粱具有机械化程度高、便于轮作倒茬等优点,提高种植户的净收入约5070元/hm^2,并能提供优质酿酒原材料。 相似文献
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12个甜高粱品种在重庆地区的生产力和总糖含量表现 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对12个供试甜高粱品种(组合)茎秆的鲜产量、总糖含量、总糖产量和籽粒产量的比较,结果为:茎秆鲜产量以A4为最高,达到41 385.0 kg/hm2,茎秆总糖含量以A9为最高,达到11.26%,茎秆总糖产量以A9为最高,达到4 285.4 kg/hm2,籽粒产量以A12为最高,达到2 723.4 kg/hm2。综合评价初步认为,在12个供试品种(组合)中,以A9组合和A3品种比较适合在重庆做生物质能源原料。 相似文献
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Field trials were conducted in 1997 and 1998 wet seasons to determine the effect of seed treatment of different sorghum varieties with brine (NaCl) on the control of Striga hermonthica in sorghum. The varieties of sorghum used were ICSV 1002, ICSV 1007 (improved resistant varieties from ICRISAT, Mali), BES (a local improved variety), and War-warabashi (a local susceptible variety). Different concentrations of brine at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M were used. The results show that the varieties, ICSV 1002 and ICSV 1007 had significantly higher establishment count than the BES and War-warabashi varieties, but had shorter plants. Similarly, the ICSV 1002 and ICSV 1007 and War-warabashi varieties had significantly larger LAI values than the BES variety, although the BES significantly out yielded them. The susceptible War-warabashi variety supported the highest number of Striga emergence than the improved varieties. The effect of brine treatments on plant establishment, growth and yield of sorghum under Striga infestation shows that there was a decrease in crop stands with increase in brine concentration, with the least value at 2.0 M brine treatment, which was damaging at this rate. Plant height and, leaf area index (LAI) of sorghum increased with increasing concentration of brine to a maximum at 1.5 M and declined at 2.0 M brine treatment. The 1.5 M brine treatment produced the highest grain yield. Striga shoot emergence significantly declined with increasing brine concentration reaching the lowest values at 1.5 and 2.0 M brine treatments. The interaction between sorghum varieties and brine concentrations shows that War-warabashi with 1.5 M brine treatment had the tallest plants and largest LAI, while BES and 1.5 M brine produced the highest grain yield. In general, the interaction between the varieties and all the brine concentrations significantly reduced Striga emergence. Irrespective of the sorghum varieties the use of brine at 1.5 M was found optimal for controlling Striga emergence resulting in increased crop growth and grain yield. This implies that which ever variety farmers are using either resistant, tolerant or susceptible, they could easily use brine at 1.5 M to effectively control Striga and increase in grain yield. The mechanism by which brine successfully controlled Striga, is, however, not clear and needs to be investigated. 相似文献
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Popcorn is a healthy snack suggested by nutritionists. However, some countries in Europe, Asia, and South America have evaluated the use of sorghum as a popped cereal. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the content of corneous and floury endosperm of sorghum and its influence in the popped sorghum quality. Five red varieties and three white varieties were evaluated. The physical and microstructural characteristics of the raw varieties were evaluated. The correlation matrix showed that physical properties such as the pericarp thickness, the hectoliter weight, and the type of endosperm are crucial to obtain popped sorghum. A high percentage of corneous endosperm and the size distribution of starch granules in the floury endosperm determine the popping ability of sorghum. The analysis of the principal components showed that the Paloma variety was the most suitable to obtain popped sorghum. 相似文献