青海省民和县黄牛皮蝇感染状况调查及虫种鉴定

采用触摸黄牛背部皮蝇瘤疱的方法,共调查黄牛40头,感染10头,感染率25%,平均感染强度5.1个。收集的皮蝇蛆三期幼虫,据形态观察结果全部为牛皮蝇蛆。     

天峻县新源镇某合作社牦牛皮蝇蛆感染情况调查

采用背部触摸法对天峻县新源镇某生态畜牧业专业合作社的牦牛进行了皮蝇蛆感染情况调查。共检查牦牛185头,检出感染牛156头、感染率84.32%,瘤疱数共2021个,平均感染强度12.96个。结果表明该社牦牛皮蝇蛆感染严重,应及时进行防治。     

青海省藏羊感染皮蝇蛆调查及其虫种鉴定

为了解青海省藏羊感染皮蝇蛆状况及感染种类,本研究在3个地区调查了476只藏羊,对2株感染藏羊皮蝇蛆和4株感染牦牛皮蝇蛆的线粒体CO1基因种属特异性序列进行比较研究。结果表明:14只羊感染了皮蝇蛆,感染率为2.9%,总瘤胞数为27个,平均感染强度为1.9个;并扩增其长度为688 bp的序列,克隆后测序,将其序列与GenBank中的牛皮蝇、纹皮蝇蛆和中华皮蝇蛆序列进行聚类分析,结果显示青海省感染藏羊的皮蝇蛆与感染牦牛的果洛株、民和和黄南株在线粒体CO1基因片段聚类分析进化树和同源性比较中,与牛皮蝇位于同一个进化树分支上,基因片段同源性大于99%,为牛皮蝇;感染牦牛的海晏株和贵南株在线粒体CO1基因片段聚类分析进化树和同源性比较中,与中华皮蝇位于同一个进化分支上,基因片段同源性大于99%,为中华皮蝇。几个皮蝇蛆分离株种内变异率小于1%,种间变异率大于8%。     

不同剂量伊维菌素防治牦牛皮蝇蛆幼虫的效果观察

选择116头犊牦牛于9月下旬用伊维菌素注射液分别按2、5、10μg/kg剂量注射给药,进行牦牛皮蝇蛆幼虫的驱除效果试验,翌年3月中旬和5月下旬检查防治效果。结果表明,微量伊维菌素注射液驱除牛皮蝇蛆幼虫高效、安全、经济,其最佳剂量为5μg/kg。     

牦牛中华皮蝇三期幼虫和高原鼠兔皮蝇三期幼虫扫描电镜形态学比较

应用扫描电镜对寄生于牦牛体的中华皮蝇三期幼虫和寄生于高原鼠兔的皮蝇三期幼虫进行了形态学观察。发现中华皮蝇三期幼虫伪头背部与腹部中央有一横向裂沟,气门板周围有少量突棘,腹节前后两缘中间有一排棘突,较大,较长。而高原鼠兔皮蝇三期幼虫,伪头中央无裂沟,口沟腹面有肉质凸起,气门板周围无突棘,气门板上下周围有孔,腹节中间有一列肉状凸起。两者扫描电镜对比观察结果,为今后研究皮蝇幼虫生活史及寄生宿主提供依据。     

湟源县寺寨牧场牦牛皮蝇幼虫感染情况调查及防治效果

2005年3月通过触摸牦牛背部皮蝇三期幼虫瘤胞和虫孔的方法,发现湟源寺寨牧场牦牛皮蝇平均感染率达95．18％,感染强度13．47个;居我们调查各地区之首。2005年10月-2007年10月我们用阿力佳（阿维菌素透皮溶液）0．1ml／kg体重背部皮肤浇泼和维力佳（长效阿维菌素片）防治牦牛皮蝇蛆病。经过连续3年的防治,牛皮蝇蛆病在该牧场的感染率逐年下降;2008年3月的防治效果考核中,未发现1例牛皮蝇蛆病,取得了良好的防治效果。该方法勿需抓牛,省时、省力,能有效控制牛皮蝇蛆病的发生。     

皮蝇素A基因DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫特性研究

本研究以实验室保存的原核表达载体pET-HA为模板,PCR扩增皮蝇素A(HA)基因,将克隆基因插入到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中构建DNA疫苗pcDNA-HA。构建的DNA疫苗pcDNA-HA和空载体pcDNA3.1(+)体外转染小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞,间接免疫荧光试验检测细胞内目的基因的表达。将pcDNA-HA、空载体pcDNA3.1(+)和PBS免疫BALB/c小鼠后,对免疫小鼠的体液免疫水平进行了检测。结果表明,构建的DNA疫苗能在小鼠胎儿成纤维细胞中表达,能被抗HA抗体识别,可诱导小鼠产生特异性体液免疫反应,说明HA可作为牛皮蝇蛆病的候选疫苗抗原。本研究为牛皮蝇蛆病的DNA疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆16SrRNA基因序列研究

利用分子生物学技术对高原鼠兔感染皮蝇蛆16SrRNA基因进行了研究,扩增出长度为551 bp的序列,克隆测序,将其序列与GenBank中的皮蝇科、胃蝇科的序列进行了聚类分析,并构建分子进化树.结果显示,感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆与皮蝇科的皮蝇蛆遗传距离更近,在一个大的进化树分支上,基因片段同源性84.6％～88.4％之间,与胃蝇科的红尾胃蝇基因片段同源性60.1％ ～64.4％之间.几株感染高原鼠兔的皮蝇蛆之间的基因片段同源性94.4％～99.6％之间.     

新疆野生盘羊未知皮蝇三期幼虫形态学鉴定及初步分类研究

在新疆石河子市动物园2只死亡的野生盘羊背部皮下发现了1种未知皮蝇的第三期幼虫。经查阅相关的文献资料,尚未发现野生盘羊感染皮蝇的报道。本研究通过形态学观察,主要对具有分类价值的第三期幼虫的伪头、体节、体节刺(主要是D—Ⅲ背腹部、D—ⅹ腹部)、气门板等进行了形态学鉴定,并与牛皮蝇、纹皮蝇的第三期幼虫进行了形态学比较。结果显示:与牛皮蝇第三期幼虫区别较大,与纹皮蝇第三期幼虫有许多相同或相似之处,初步确定为纹皮蝇的第三期幼虫。本研究发现了纹皮蝇新的寄生宿主,扩展了纹皮蝇的研究范围,充实了皮蝇感染动物种类的研究资料。     

牦牛中华皮蝇蛆和藏羊的皮蝇蛆扫描电镜形态学比较观察

应用电子显微镜对寄生于牦牛体的中华皮蝇蛆和藏羊皮蝇蛆进行了形态学扫描观察,结果：感染藏羊皮蝇幼虫气门板稍平,呈平面方形,气门钮稍突出,气门孔周围有少量小的突棘,第10节腹面前后缘均未发现棘。感染牦牛的中华皮蝇幼虫,气门板稍有凹陷,气门钮突出。第10节腹面前后缘均有棘,气门孔周围有少量小的突棘。     

Eradication of warble flies in West Germany

Since derris preparations applied in compliance with a government directive of 1933 failed to control warble flies, a new law to enforce treatment with systemic insecticides was passed in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1967. Under this law, the owners must treat their cattle with systemics before the grazing season starts if hypodermal grubs are found on even a single animal in the herd. The law authorizes state governments to decree that all cattle in a state or in certain regions be treated at a certain time. All states with pasture areas have exercised this right.The grazing season runs from May to October and the cattle are stabled thereafter. The treatment period is mandated after the grazing season, at the beginning of December. If warbles are observed before the cattle are turned out to pasture, a second treatment of all the cattle on the farm is mandatory. Through this procedure, warble infestation has been greatly reduced. In some areas, the infestation has been eradicated completely and is not seen either on live animals or on the hides of slaughtered cattle. The level of infestation at which it is safe to abandon autumn treatment without risking a resurgence of the infestation has not been determined.     

The feasibility of exterminating warble flies (Hypoderma spp.) on a regional basis

A program to exterminate warble flies (Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis) was begun in Wetaskiwin County, Alberta, Canada, in 1968 and has since been adopted by nearly all the local authorities (countries, municipalities, etc.) in Alberta, which has an area of about 650 000 km². Except for lactating cows, which were treated with rotenone, all the cattle in the program were treated annually with systemic insecticides.The program has been under continuous evaluation in Wetaskiwin County where the mean numbers of warble grubs in untreated cattle were 9.0, 6.9, 3.4, 0.2, 2.5 and 1.4 in 1969–1974, respectively. In 1973 and 1974, the infestation was found mainly in one of the seven divisions of the county. That division did not receive adequate surveillance.The extermination of warble flies would be feasible in other areas if the procedures adopted in the Alberta program were carried out for a minimum period of 3 years and were followed by spring treatment of infested herds for several years. The recommended spring treatment is usually required for the control of cattle lice anyway.     

鹅艾美耳球虫(Eimeriaanseris)克隆株的建立及生物学特性研究

采用单种卵囊分离技术建立了鹅艾美耳球虫(Eimeriaanseris)克隆株,并对其基本生物学特性进行了研究。卵囊呈梨形,一端截平,另一端钝圆。卵囊壁单层,光滑无色或淡黄色,狭窄截平端有卵膜孔。无极粒,外残余体似一块不规则的塞状物,位于卵膜孔的正下方。测量100个卵囊,平均大小为19·37μm×16·06μm,形状指数为1·20。孢子囊卵圆形,斯氏体明显,有内残余体。测量100个孢子囊,平均大小为9·09μm×6·83μm。潜在期为168~173h,显露期为107~118h,最短孢子发育时间为55h。用不同剂量感染时,E·anseris的繁殖力差异显著(P<0·05)。     

兔裸皮蝇对宿主高原鼠兔生理和个性特征的影响

以高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)为研究对象,比较感染与未感染兔裸皮蝇(Oestromyia lep-orina)的鼠兔生理特征(体重、束缚下的呼吸率和心率、体重矫正的静止代谢率、粪便皮质醇浓度)和个性特征(冒失性、温顺性、探索性)及其关联性.结果 表明:与未感染皮蝇的鼠兔相比,感染皮蝇的鼠兔体重、呼吸...