硝磺草酮与二氯吡啶酸复配应用于玉米田除草效果测定

采用室内生物测定方法,研究硝磺草酮与二氯吡啶酸复配联合作用类型,对复配制剂进行田间效果试验。结果表明,硝磺草酮对马唐、稗草效果较好,对马齿苋、铁苋菜效果差;二氯吡啶酸对马齿苋、铁苋菜效果较好,对马唐、稗草近无效。两者复配后优势互补,作用类型均为相加作用。硝磺草酮与二氯吡啶酸两者混配剂可作为备选药剂进行田间试验,茎叶处理防除玉米田杂草,推荐比例为0.67~2.67∶1。田间试验结果表明,硝磺草酮与二氯吡啶酸复配后综合两种单剂优势,对试验田杂草马唐、马齿苋、铁苋菜和苘麻均有很好效果。     

异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆在玉米不同种植区应用的除草效果和安全性研究

2016～2017年在东北春玉米种植区和黄淮海夏玉米种植区设立田间试验基地,研究除草剂异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆悬浮剂在不同区域玉米田播后苗前处理的杀草谱及除草效果、对玉米安全性及对下茬作物生长的影响。结果表明,26.7%异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆悬浮剂141.75～283.5 g ai/hm2在玉米播后苗前使用,对东北春玉米种植区主要杂草稗草、狗尾草、藜、反枝苋、苘麻、刺儿菜和黄淮海玉米种植区主要杂草马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋、铁苋菜等禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草均有理想效果,药后40～45 d,异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆上述处理对杂草鲜重防效仍在95%左右,可实现一次施药控制玉米全生长期的杂草,在玉米田具有较好的除草增产作用;对后茬播种的小麦、大豆、花生、油菜、菠菜生长无影响。     

砜吡草唑除草活性及对玉米的安全性评价

砜吡草唑是一种新型、高效、广谱的土壤处理除草剂,为探究其对玉米田常见杂草的除草活性及对玉米的安全性,通过室内生物测定和田间药效试验测定砜吡草唑的杀草谱、除草活性及其对玉米的安全性。室内生物测定结果表明,砜吡草唑在90 g(a.i.)/hm2时,对牛筋草、马唐、狗尾草、稗草、碎米莎草、青葙、铁苋菜等多种常见秋熟作物田杂草均具有较好活性,鲜重抑制率均大于90%;对4种常见玉米田杂草马唐、稗草、青葙、碎米莎草的GR50分别为14.77、16.41、15.37、27.74 g(a.i.)/hm2,除草活性在供试剂量下均高于对照药剂精异丙甲草胺。砜吡草唑在供试的3个玉米品种奥玉510、郑单958、蠡玉16和4种杂草马唐、稗草、青葙和碎米莎草之间具有较好的选择性,选择性指数为23.82～240.88。田间药效试验表明,砜吡草唑在250 g(a.i.)/hm2时,对马唐、稗草、铁苋菜、碎米莎草的总鲜重防效达91.4%,对供试玉米蠡玉16安全。     

砜吡草唑对玉米田杂草的除草活性及其安全性评价

采用生物测定方法研究新型除草剂砜吡草唑对玉米田主要禾本科杂草马唐、牛筋草、稗草、狗尾草的除草活性,通过安全性测定评价砜吡草唑对玉米等作物的安全性.结果表明,砜吡草唑土壤封闭处理对马唐、稗草、牛筋草、狗尾草均具有良好的生物活性.砜吡草唑处理剂量(有效成分)为120 g/hm2时,对马唐、稗草、牛筋草、狗尾草的鲜重抑制率分...     

二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂室内除草活性及花生田间效果研究

本文利用室内活性测定和田间药效试验相结合的方法,研究450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂对花生田杂草的防除效果。结果表明,450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂室内对反枝苋和稗草均有较好的活性,ED90分别为345.23g a.i./hm2、465.03g a.i./hm2,对反枝苋的活性高于稗草。田间试验结果表明,450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂作为土壤封闭处理剂对花生安全性好,持效期长,环境效益好,对一年生禾本科杂草、牛筋草、阔叶杂草马齿苋和反枝苋均有较好的防效,田间推荐用量为742.5~1012.5g a.i./hm2。     

30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂对甜玉米田杂草的防效及安全性

研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米3～4叶期或6～7叶期施药,900～1 575 g a.i./hm2剂量范围内对甜玉米品种粤甜28安全,对玉米田常见杂草凹头苋、光头稗、马唐和香附子的防效及增产效果均显著高于对照药剂38%莠去津悬浮剂2 160 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理。推荐30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在900～1 350 g a.i./hm2范围内,甜玉米3～5叶期茎叶喷雾使用。     

溴苯腈与精喹禾灵混用对工业大麻安全性的室内试验

为明确溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对工业大麻田间杂草防控的可行性,在实验室内研究了其对工业大麻的安全性。结果表明:施药后14 d,在田间推荐剂量下,溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对工业大麻幼苗无明显药害产生;施药后21 d,溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对稗的生长抑制中量(GR_(50))和生长抑制90%的量(GR_(90))分别为15. 24、25. 44 g a. i./667 m~2,对反枝苋的GR_(50)和GR_(90)分别为14. 17、27. 06 g a. i./667 m~2,对工业大麻生长抑制10%(GR_(10))的量为31. 87 g a. i./667 m~2;溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对稗和反枝苋的安全性系数分别为1. 33、1. 34。室内试验结果表明,溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对稗和反枝苋毒力高,但对工业大麻幼苗存在一定的药害风险,需进行田间试验研究其在田间应用的安全性。     

4种除草剂对夏玉米田杂草及麦苗的防效与安全性比较

选用4种莠去津复配剂进行玉米田杂草防除效果及安全性研究,筛选对夏玉米田杂草及自生麦苗的防效及安全性较好的除草剂。结果表明,31.5%噻酮磺隆·异噁唑草酮+38%莠去津总杂草株防效为88.7%,鲜质量防效为98.48%,防效较好,无明显药害症状,且玉米产量为各药剂处理中最高;22%烟嘧·莠去津和30%苯唑草酮+助剂+38%莠去津对自生麦苗株防效均在80%以上,鲜质量防效在95%以上;30%苯唑草酮+助剂+38%莠去津对莎草的株防效仅45.58%,莎草为主的夏玉米田块尽量不使用。     

玉米田常用除草剂对苘麻室内除草活性研究

采用盆栽法研究异噁唑草酮、莠去津、硝磺草酮、苯唑草酮等常用除草剂单用及混剂对苘麻的除草活性及对玉米的安全性。结果表明，异噁唑草酮 75.98 g/hm²+莠去津 900.00 g/hm²混用进行土壤封闭处理对苘麻的抑制率最高，药后 14 d的鲜重抑制率为 91.61%，显著高于两种药剂单一使用的除草活性；苯唑草酮 20.20 g/hm²+莠去津 900.00 g/hm²混用进行茎叶处理对苘麻的抑制率最高，药后 14 d的鲜重抑制率为 91.20%，显著高于两种药剂单一使用的除草活性，所有处理对玉米生长无影响。除草剂混用对苘麻的除草活性均高于单一除草剂，且达到除草剂使用减量增效的作用。因此，玉米 3～4叶期喷施异噁唑草酮 75.98 g/hm²+莠去津 900.00 g/hm²或苯唑草酮 20.20 g/hm²+莠去津 900.00 g/hm²组合在生产上能有效防除苘麻。     

15%磺草酮水剂防除玉米田杂草田间使用技术研究

15%磺草酮水剂于2008年进行的茎叶处理防除玉米田杂草试验表明,在800 g a.i./hm2以上剂量处理对玉米田禾本科和阔叶类杂草的综合防效分别高于80%和84%,对玉米安全.     

Chemical weed control in direct-seeded irrigated rice in the Lake Chad Basin,Nigeria

Two field experiments were conducted at Ngala in the Lake Chad Basin during the 1981 and 1982 wet seasons to investigate chemical weed control in direct-seeded, irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-plant-incorporated, pre- and post-emergence herbicides and their mixtures were tested in replicated, completely randomized block trials. Rice variety IR 28 was drilled each season at 125 kg/ha and fertilized with N (150 kg/ha) and P₂O₅ (40 kg/ha). In both seasons, the post-emergence herbicides propanil + oxadiazon at 3·0 + 1·0 kg a.i./ha, propanil+fluorodifen at 1·4 + 1·8 kg a.i./ha, propanil + bentazone at 3·6 + 1·5 kg a.i./ha and propanil at 3·6 kg a.i./ha as well as thiobencarb applied pre-emergence at 5·0 kg a.i./ha controlled the weeds effectively and gave similar grain yields to that from hand-weeding twice, and significantly higher grain yield than the unweeded control treatments. Grain yields similar to those from the ‘two hand-weeding control’ were achieved also by use of the herbicide dymrone at 3·0 kg a.i./ha, either soil-incorporated pre-sowing or sprayed before weed emergence. The herbicides gave satisfactory control of the weeds, which were predominantly the broad-leaved weed Luffa echinata Roxb., together with the grasses Sorghum aethiopicum (Hack.) Rupr. ex Stapf., Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Oryza longistaminata (Chev. & Roehr.), and sedges Cyperus rotundus L. and Cyperus esculentus L. The studies indicate that effective weed control by these herbicides and herbicide mixtures are dependable alternatives to hand weeding for direct-seeded, irrigated rice cultivation in the Chad Basin area.     

不同氮肥施用量对东北玉米田杂草发生的影响

利用吉林省梨树县黑土区氮肥长期定位试验田(施氮水平为0、60、120、180、240、300 kg/hm2),2019～2020两年调查玉米田杂草种类、密度和生物量及其与玉米生物量和产量的关系.结果表明,试验条件下玉米田杂草主要是禾本科杂草,尤其是水稗草Echinochloa oryzoides.与不施肥相比,60 k...     

大豆苗后除草剂灭草松与精喹禾灵联合防除马唐、反枝苋的研究

在温室内采用单轴等效线法测定大豆苗后除草剂灭草松与精喹禾灵联合作用的结果表明 ,灭草松与精喹禾灵混用对马唐有增效作用 ,随着灭草松的剂量从 0增加到 60 0 ga .i./hm2 ,精喹禾灵抑制马唐 90 %的有效剂量 (ED90 )随之从 14.88ga .i./hm2 下降到 4 .89ga .i./hm2 。当灭草松与精喹禾灵以低剂量混用时 ,对反枝苋表现为拮抗作用 ,而两者以高剂量混用时 ,表现为增效作用     

6%精喹·嗪酸乳油防除花生田杂草

田间试验结果表明,6%精喹.嗪酸乳油作茎叶处理对马唐、牛筋草、稗草、反枝苋、藜等杂草均有较好的除草效果。推荐应用剂量为有效量45~54 g/hm2(商品量750~900 mL/hm2),药后20 d对杂草的鲜重防效在95%以上。在推荐剂量范围内对花生安全,一次施药即能有效防除花生田全生育期的杂草,除草效果好。     

Weed control with pre-emergence herbicides in vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in the early and late rainy seasons in Thailand to evaluate the effect of pre-emergence application of herbicides and determine the herbicide residues on vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. No. 75) production. No visible crop injury was observed after application of alachlor 469 g a.i./ha, clomazone 1080 g a.i./ha, metribuzin 525 g a.i./ha, pendimethalin 1031.25 g a.i./ha, tank-mixed clomazone 960 g a.i./ha + pendimethalin 928 g a.i./ha, or tank-mixed metribuzin 350 g a.i./ha + pendimethalin 928 g a.i./ha. However, acetochlor 1875 g a.i./ha, isoxaflutole 75 g a.i./ha, and oxadiazon 1000 g a.i./ha caused visible crop injury. Plant bioassay of herbicide residues in the soil after harvest showed no phytotoxic effect on baby corn (Zea mays Linn. cv. Suwan 3), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Pijit 1), pak choi (Brassica chinensis Jusl. cv. Chinensis), and soybean (G. max L. Merrill cv. CM 60). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed no significant herbicide residues on crop yield (or MRLs < 0.01 ppm) for all herbicides used in this study. The application of metribuzin at 525 g a.i./ha was sufficient to provide satisfactory full-season control of several weed species and gave the highest crop yield. In addition, pendimethalin at 1031.25 g a.i./ha, and tank-mixed metribuzin at 350 g a.i./ha + pendimethalin at 928 g a.i./ha can provide a similar level of weed control as an alternative to reduce herbicide dosage thereby increasing food and environmental safety in vegetable soybean production.     

冀东地区春玉米田杂草群落特征及烟嘧·莠去津配比优选

采用倒置“W”取样法对唐山、秦皇岛主要春玉米产区的田间杂草进行调查，利用茎叶处理法对烟嘧磺隆+莠去津药剂组合进行最佳配比筛选。结果表明，冀东地区发生优势度较大的杂草有马唐、稗草、鸭跖草、虎尾草、藜、反枝苋、马齿苋、苘麻、苣荬菜、铁苋菜、小马泡、豚草、葎草、狗尾草共14种。秦皇岛地区以藜、反枝苋、马齿苋、马唐、稗、苘麻、鸭跖草、苣荬菜和虎尾草为主，Shannon''s指数H''为0.63，Shannon''s均匀度指数E为0.09，Margalef物种丰富度指数D_MG为0.98；唐山地区以藜、马唐、鸭跖草、反枝苋、铁苋菜、苘麻、小马泡、豚草、葎草为主，Shannon''s指数H''为0.51，Shannon''s均匀度指数E为0.11，Margalef物种丰富度指数D_MG为1.56。药剂筛选结果显示，与其他处理相比，烟嘧磺隆+莠去津(30 g/hm²+285 g/hm²)组合对玉米田主要杂草的防效最高，药后14 d的株防效为93.55%，药后28 d的株防效和鲜重防效分别为95.32%和93.24%。     

Efficacy of a new glyphosate formulation for weed control in maize in southwest Nigeria

A field trial in 2003 and 2004 assessed the efficacy of a new formulation of glyphosate, Touchdown Forte HiTech (glyphosate-TF) and two older versions, Roundup (glyphosate-RP) and Touchdown (glyphosate-TD) for weed control in Nigeria. Treatments were glyphosate-TF at 0.25–1.25 kg a.i./ha, glyphosate-RP at 1.8 kg a.i./ha, and glyphosate-TD at 1.0 kg a.i./ha. Weeded and unweeded treatments were controls. Visual evaluations of weed control at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment (WAT) in both years indicated that glyphosate-TF at all doses gave moderate to complete control of all major weeds (50–100%). At 4 WAT, control of Ageratum conyzoides L., Commelina benghalensis L., Ipomoea involucrata P. Beauv., Brachiaria comota [Hochst ex A. Rich] stapf, and Acalypha ciliata Forssk was at a level similar to that in the weeded control. In 2003, all herbicide formulations and the weeded control reduced Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. shoot dry biomass to the same level at 8 WAT (91–100%) and at maize harvest (83–88%). In 2004, 0.50–1.25 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate-TF and 1.8 kg a.i./ha of glyphosate-RP gave 95% reduction at 8 WAT and 97% at harvest, similar to the weeded control. Maize grain yield in the weeded control and herbicide treatments was 2.8 times higher than that in the unweeded control in both years. These results indicate that glyphosate-TF is effective for weed control in maize at herbicide doses lower than the older formulations.