基于市场分析的中国生物质成型燃料状况

研究了2010年中国生物质成型燃料,尤其是农林剩余物成型燃料的发展情况.首先讨论了生物质成型燃料技术及其分类,然后分析了农林剩余物资源状况和能源利用潜能,最后对中国各个地区的生物质成型燃料发展状况进行了市场分析和优势、劣势、机会、挑战分析.分析表明:主要的农业剩余物和大部分林业剩余物可作为生物质成型燃料的良好原料,具有很大的能源利用潜能;在华中、华东、华南、华北和东北等地区生物质成型燃料市场发展情况较好;发展和提高生物质成型燃料技术及成型燃料燃烧技术,为成型燃料提供更多的激励和支持政策,建立更多成型燃料示范基地,提高公众环保意识及限制煤的不合理利用等将有利于中国生物质成型燃料的发展.     

生物质成型燃料加工装备发展现状及趋势

从世界化石能源面临枯竭的角度出发,介绍了中国生物质资源状况和国内外生物质成型燃料成型技术及成型设备的应用现状,并针对中国的国情,提出了发展生物质成型燃料的途径和方法,以便充分、有效地利用农林剩余物等生物质资源.     

生物质固化成型技术研究进展

生物质固化成型技术是目前利用生物质能比较普遍且效果显著的技术之一。它是将生物质压制为便于运输和贮存的棒状或颗粒燃料, 可以提高燃烧效率。文中综述了国内外生物质固化成型技术的开发利用现状, 从成型工艺、成型设备、影响因素和燃料炉具4个方面进行了总结, 并针对我国生物质能源现状提出了合理、充分开发生物质固化成型技术的相关问题和建议。     

我国生物质成型燃料的研究进展

洁净、可再生的生物质成型燃料能源的利用,可以有效地缓解我国能源紧张的压力。本文主要介绍了近年我国在生物质成型燃料成型工艺条件和燃烧性能,以及混合型生物质成型燃料方面的研究进展,并指出今后我国应对生物质成型燃料的压制机理、燃烧动力学等方面展开深入研究。     

生物质固体成型燃料研究进展

农林废弃物的资源化利用对于低碳环保和我国的能源结构转型具有十分重要的意义,介绍了农林废弃物的燃料化利用途径,归纳总结了生物质固体成型燃料在成型工艺,以及成型质量影响因素和炭化成型所用粘结剂等领域的研究现状,展望了生物质固体成型燃料性能的发展趋势,并提出了目前生物质固体成型燃料存在的问题及改进建议。     

生物质成型燃料锅炉设计

介绍生物质成型燃料的燃烧特性,阐述了生物质成型燃料锅炉各部件设计及参数的确定。     

带二次通风口的炉箅子设计

目前我国燃料市场生物质成型燃料的使用还处于起步阶段,燃烧生物质成型燃料的专用设备也非常少.本文介绍一种燃烧生物质成型燃料炉灶专用的新型炉箅子.     

生物质棒状成型燃料的物理特性研究

利用木屑、竹屑及玉米秸秆等生物质原料,采用棒状成型机将原料压缩为棒状成型燃料。试验测定了成型燃料的松弛密度、抗跌碎性、抗渗水性和吸湿性等物理特性参数。结果表明:生物质原料纤维排列形态对成型燃料的密度有影响,原料纤维形态结构排列整齐与零散结构相比,成型后成型燃料的密实度更好。生物质原料固定碳含量影响成型后成型燃料的表面颜色,固定碳含量低的生物质原料,成型后成型燃料的表面颜色较深。试验结果也表明了原料纤维形态和原料特性对成型燃料的抗跌碎性、抗渗水性及吸湿性均有重要影响。     

生物质燃料致密成型方式的发展现状与展望

介绍了生物质燃料成型机主要成型方式,以及几种生物质成型机的工作方式并对其性能进行对比,针对现有的成型方式进行分析,将开式成型和闭式成型进行比较,并提出希望在未来成型机的设计中应多使用闭式成型方式,以及结合闭式成型的优势对生物质成型燃料的市场化提出一些见解。     

基于学习曲线的生物质成型燃料补贴政策研究

通过对中国生物质成型燃料产业的调研与分析,结合该产业的发展轨迹和国家相关的规划目标,构造中国生物质成型燃料的学习曲线,利用该曲线来预测中国固体成型燃料成本的变化趋势。在此基础上,研究如果2020年我国生物质成型燃料利用量要达到5 000万吨的规模,应该如何量化并制定政府的补贴政策。结果表明,若要在2020年实现将生物质成型燃料的商业化并达到5 000万吨的利用量,生物质成型燃料的成本需降低至462元/吨,此时学习系数为0.509,学习率为70.2%。为促使生物质成型燃料的技术进步和产业化发展,需要在2020年以前对该产业进行财政补贴,最大补贴规模为2016年的6亿元,从2012年到2020年的累计补贴为41.24亿元。     

木材湿—热—力改性技术研究进展

从木材细胞壁主要化学组分角度,归纳了木材湿热软化机理;总结了以木材密实化技术（整体密实化与表层密实化）、木材大变形加工技术（实木弯曲）和木材焊接（无胶胶合）技术为典型代表的木材湿—热—力改性技术的特点和应用情况,并对今后湿—热—力改性技术的研究与应用提出几点建议。     

生物质致密成型技术和设备研究

从农村生物质能源的利用角度出发,介绍了生物质致密成型技术及设备的国内外研究现状.指出了当前我国生物质致密成型技术和设备存在的问题,对其工艺、技术的发展趋势做了阐述,介绍了原料预处理的两种方法:蒸汽爆破法和木质纤维材料苄基塑化法.     

Effects of short-term thermomechanical densification on the structure and properties of wood veneers

The effects of short-term thermomechanical (STTM) densification temperature and pressure on the changes in surface roughness, wettability, mass loss (ML), thickness and density of alder, beech, birch, and pine wood veneer with low moisture content (~5%) were investigated. The anatomical structure of veneers was also observed. Veneer sheets were densified using pressure levels of 4, 8 and 12 MPa at three temperatures: 100°C, 150°C and 200°C for 4 min. The results were compared with those of the non-densified veneers. The obtained results show that STTM densification of veneers similarly to long-term densification of solid wood causes irreversible changes in their properties. The STTM-densified veneer surfaces became smoother and more hydrophobic, ML increased slightly while roughness and thickness values decreased significantly, the cell lumens collapsed and a certain amount of fractures in cell walls developed with increasing densification temperature and pressure. All of the investigated wood species showed higher density values after densification. It was found that an even STTM densification of veneers provides stable properties under normal atmosphere conditions; in particular, the thickness and contact angle values were stable for 24 hours after densification, which is an important consideration for industrial applications.     

Densification of black agglomerate cork boards and study of densified agglomerates

Summary This work is related to a study about the densification of black agglomerate cork boards, through the development of a densification process and changing of different operational parameters. The densification allows a diversification of the fields of application for this material, shown by the densified products characteristics. The densification process is easy to use by the existing industries, and shows up and downstream advantages and a competing utilisation. This process gave rise to a patent application.This work was part of a research project with the financial support from the Commission of the European Communities, Contract No. MA2B-CT90-0006 (SMA) -Forest Programme     

Standardized processes of biomass briquetting densification fuel

Forest biomass resources are available in enormous quantities in China.The development of forest biomass briquetting densification fuel,which has a high calorific value,can ease the energy shortage in China.But the molding technology is still at the primary stage with many questions unresolved,such as unequal distribution of resources,imperfect technology and an inadequate mechanism of market supply and demand.There are no consistent production and quality standards to refer to,which seriously hinder the industrialization of biomass molding technology.Hence,it is imperative to speed up the formulation of production standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel which not only conform to international standards,but are in accordance with national conditions in China.Drawing on the standards of biomass briquetting densification fuel in Europe,a standard system should be concerned with raw material collection,transport and storage of the end products,terminology,denomination and classification of molding equipment,as well as with technical conditions,testing methods,safety and environmental protection.The establishment of a standard system is useful for the development of a healthy,orderly and sustainable biomass fuel industry.     

Surface modification of wood using friction

The potential of linear vibration friction as an innovative means of producing increases in both surface density and surface hardness was explored. The influence of processing pressure and time on the degree of surface densification, surface hardness and surface elasticity was investigated. It was found that surface hardness (measured as Brinell hardness) was positively correlated with densification ratio. Furthermore, surface elasticity, that is the ability of the surface to recover elastically after indentation during the Brinell hardness test, could be increased by up to 33% depending on the degree of surface densification. The temperature rise due to friction was also studied. During processing, it was found that the temperature rise on both the radial and tangential surfaces was positively correlated with the processing pressure and time.     

木材密实化的研究进展

综述了木材密实化的国内外研究现状、应用领域,木材软化方法以及压缩变形的固定方法。对木材密实化技术存在的问题进行分析,展望了该项技术的研究方向和应用前景。

Abstract：

The wood densification-related research status at home and abroad,application field,wood softening methods and the fixation ways of compress deformation are summarized.Some problems with the wood densification technology are analyzed and the research orie     

The Degradation of Particleboard Strength

AlthoughPFresinsaregeneralIyrecognizedtobemuchdurablcthanUFresins,thcreisnotaclcardifferencebetwCcnparticlebordsbondedwiththesetwoadriesives.Infact,anumberofresearchcrshavefoundUFresinbondedparticleboardsandPFresinbondedparticleboardstodisplaythesimilarsh…     

表层压缩技术在杨木实木地板生产中的应用

为扩大意杨木材的应用领域、实现高附加值利用,对意杨木材进行表层压缩处理,再将其制成实木地板.对表层压缩意杨木材的性能,及地板成品漆膜性能的检测结果表明:表面压缩处理后,意杨木材表层密度增加;再经热处理后,表面硬度、弹性模量,弦向尺寸稳定性均有增加,但静曲强度略有降低 ;制成的杨木实木地板的漆膜硬度增加.     

Semi-isostatic densification of heat-treated radiata pine

Semi-isostatic densification is a useful method to increase the density and to improve the mechanical properties of fast-grown softwood species like radiata pine. A major disadvantage of this method is the almost complete recovery of the original dimensions when densified wood is exposed to moisture. Heat treatment improves the dimensional stability of wood and might be a useful method to prevent this shape-recovery after densification. However, no or only a limited effect on the shape-recovery was found when densified radiata pine was exposed to moisture.