杉木无性系主要经济性状遗传变异和无性系选择

对福建省邵武市35个15年生杉木无性系试验林的树高、胸径、材积和木材基本密度4个主要经济性状进行了测定和分析,并采用指数选择法进行了优良无性系选择。结果表明:4个主要经济性状在无性系间达极显著差异水平,且有较高重复力和中等的变异系数;树高、胸径、材积3个生长性状间的遗传相关均为密切正相关,3个生长性状与木材密度间则均为弱度遗传负相关。采用材积和木材密度两个性状,应用选择指数选出7个优良无性系,它们在木材密度基本保持试验群体平均水平的情况下,材积比试验群体平均值大48.17%,比试验对照大105.45%。     

杉木无性系生长和木材密度的遗传变异及选择

研究了８年生杉木无性系试验林的树高、胸径、材积和木材密度的遗传变异规律。结果表明：试验中各性状在无性系间存在显著差异，遗传变异系数树高为９０％，胸径为１３７％，材积为３００％，而木材密度只有６７％，各性状均有较高的重复力，木材密度和胸径的重复力在９００％以上。树高、胸径、材积３个生长性状间有较高的遗传正相关，而胸径、材积与木材密度间表现出中度的遗传负相关，树高与木材密度间则表现出弱度的遗传负相关。采用简化的指数选择法评选出４个优良的无性系，材积现实增益２５５２％，遗传增益２１０５％，用木材密度与ＣＫ相近。     

马尾松种子园建园亲本性状遗传变异及优质速生无性系选育

通过对11年生马尾松种子园无性系木材基本密度测定和11年生种子园自由授粉子代生长性状测定,结果表明:无性系间木材基本密度的差异,家系间树高、胸径、单株材积生长量的差异均达到极显著水平,具有较高的重复力(遗传力)。所评选出10个优质速生无性系的木材基本密度、子代的平均树高、胸径、单株材积分别为0.5443 g.cm-3、11.80 m、14.93cm、0.1011 m3,与群体平均值相比的遗传增益分别为8.7%、1.8%、3.6%、8.4%,在生产上具有良好的推广应用前景。     

毛白杨无性系木材性状与生长性状的相关分析

对24个20年生毛白杨无性系（含对照）的生长性状、木材基本密度和纤维形态进行了测定分析,并分析了木材性状与生长性状的相关性。结果表明：毛白杨无性系各生长性状差异均达显著和极显著水平,为选择优良无性系提供了丰富的变异来源。毛白杨无性系木材材质指标满足造纸要求,适合作纤维原料,通过对毛白杨无性系生长性状与木材性状之间的相关分析,发现毛白杨木材基本密度与胸径、材积存在一定的相关,与树高存在微弱的相关,总的来看木材基本密度与生长性状相关均不显著;而纤维长度与胸径、材积存在弱负相关,与树高存在微弱的相关。研究中也发现生长快的无性系也可以有较大的木材基本密度。     

杉木无性系木材密度遗传变异及其与生长性状的相关性

对3块7～10年生杉木无性系测定林的木材密度遗传变异情况及其与生长性状的相关性进行了研究,结果表明:无性系间木材密度存在真实的遗传差异,为无性系木材密度做出贡献的各因素中,有50%～60%来自于遗传因素;无性系木材密度的重复力介于0.829～0.911之间,遗传变异系数介于4.86%～6.98%之间,木材密度最大值与最小值之比介于1.25～1.47之间,无性系重复力较高,相对生长性状而言遗传变异及无性系间的差异较小;木材密度与树高、胸径、材积的表型、遗传和环境的相关性均呈现负相关,有近80%的木材其密度与生长性状的表型、遗传的相关性达到显著或极显著负相关水平,这表明选择生长性状与材质兼优的无性系相当困难.讨论提出了杉木优良无性系选择分两步进行的建议.     

柳杉半同胞子代遗传变异与优良遗传型选择

对40个柳杉半同胞子代的生长、木材品质和形质等性状的遗传变异规律和相关性进行了比较系统地研究,结果表明:2年生树高及26年生树高、胸径和材积等生长性状在家系间存在显著差异;木材品质和形质性状中的髓心偏心率和木材心材比率在家系间存在显著差异,而树皮率和木材基本密度在家系间的差异不明显;2年生树高与26年生胸径、材积间呈显著正相关,心材比率与26年生树高、胸径和材积间呈显著正相关;树皮率与2年生树高相关性不明显,而与26年生树高、胸径和材积等呈显著负相关;髓心偏心率、木材基本密度与生长性状相关性不明显。通过综合比较,评选出生长量大、木材品质好的优良家系12个,树高、胸径和材积的平均遗传增益分别为1.21%、4.77%和8.02%,木材偏心率的平均值为0.3%,木材基本密度的平均值为0.341 g/m3,这些优良家系具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

杉木无性系生长和木材密度的遗传变异及选择

研究了８年生杉木无性系试验林的树高、胸径、材积和木材密度的遗传变异规律。结果表明：试验中各性状在无性系间存在显著差异,遗传变异系数树高为９．０％,胸径为１３．７％,材积为３０．０％,而木材密度只有６．７％,各性状均有较高的重复力,木材密度和胸径的重复力在９０．０％以上。树高、胸径、材积３个生长性状间有较高的遗传正相关,而胸径、材 与木材密度间表现出中度的遗传负相关,树高与木材密度间则表现出弱度的遗     

杉木无性系测定林分析及速生无性系选择

对福建省洋口国有林场1994年营建的杉木无性系测定林的生长性状进行调查分析,结果表明:无性系16年生时平均树高、胸径、单株材积分别为13.19 m、14.59 cm、0.1339 m3;无性系树高、胸径、材积重复力达0.6873以上,生长性状受到中等强度的遗传控制。以16年生时材积为指标选出4个速生无性系,平均树高、胸径、单株立木材积分别为14.30 m、16.30 cm、0.17696 m3,遗传增益均值分别为13.03%、12.26%、33.26%。     

桂西桉树无性系对比试验

以13个桉树(Euca;yptus spp.)无性系在桂西地区的生长表现进行研究,测定1年生、2年生和3年生无性系树高、胸径和单株材积。研究结果表明:历年胸径、树高、单株材积差异显著;生长性状重复力为0.27(D_1)~0.70(H_3)。同林龄的树高、胸径和单株材积呈极显著的遗传相关和表型相关,1年生胸径和各性状间呈显著或极显著遗传相关。初步选出在桂西地区较有潜力的无性系4号、11号和2号,为当地无性系中试提供了备选材料。     

杉木无性系对比试验研究

对来自广西、湖南的28个杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)无性系进行对比试验研究,结果表明:各无性系间树高、胸径和单株材积均存在极显著的差异;无性系的树高、胸径和单株材积均具有较大的广义遗传力,林龄为17年生时,广义遗传力达0.9以上;以材积作为主要性状指标,筛选出柳46、柳300、柳88等6个优良无性系,入选的优良无性系其单株材积遗传增益最高达23.12%;无性系的树高、胸径和单株材积生长在3个年份测定中均表现稳定。     

Comparison and early selection of new clones in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis>

In our study, two experimental plantations, respectively, with 24 and 32 new clones of P tomentosa, were established in Weixian County, Hebei Province and Wuzhi County, Henan Province using a completely randomized block design. A comparative study was conducted on the continuous 5-year-old height and diameter at breast height （DBH） of new clones in the two plantations. As well, based on genetic correlation over the years of testing of these clones, a preliminary study of early selection was carried out. Results indicate that the growth traits of the new clones in Weixian were better than those in Wuzhi. The traits show weak correlation between the two plantations. In some stands, the height, DBH and seedling volume of 5-year-old clones presented statistically significant differences among clones. In both plantations, the new clones showed over 0.6 repeatability of height, DBH and volume, as well as larger coefficients of variation （CV）. The fact that these clones achieved the largest repeatability and CV in the second year suggests that these traits are highly controlled by heredity. Thus, based on the growth traits of the second year, the new clones B305, B307, B303, H75, BT18, BT17 and 21J-1 were considered suitable in Weixian. In Wuzhi, the new clones had variable repeatability and CVs in various years and their correlation of growth traits among different years was not high. We conclude that early selection of new clones was not feasible in Wuzhi.     

21年生杉木无性系生长与遗传评价

对来源于湖南省的38个杉木无性系在广西柳州市21年生试验林各生长性状进行了调查与分析,发现中林龄杉木无性系间的胸径、树高、单株材积及树冠指标生长量均存在显著或极显著的差异;无性系树高、胸径、材积、枝下高、冠长及冠幅等性状重复力为58.65%87.19%,均达50%以上,表现为中等以上重复力,说明杉木无性系生长性状及树冠性状具有较高的遗传稳定性;无性系生长性状胸径、树高及材积与树冠性状冠长、冠幅均呈显著或极显著正相关;从38个供试杉木无性系中筛选出88号、68号、300号等3个优良杉木无性系,单株材积分别达0.494 8、0.438 9、0.412 9 m3,较优良种源、改良代种子园种子及优良家系组成的5个实生对照平均值分别高出43.59%、27.37%和19.82%。     

Variation and selection analysis of Pinus koraiensis clones in northeast China

Understanding genetic variation is important for efficiently selecting excellent clones and utilizing genetic resources during tree breeding. We investigated 16 growth traits of 50 32-year-old Pinus koraiensis clones. Analyses of variance showed that all the test traits differed significantly among clones. Average height, diameter at breast height(DBH), and volume of all clones were 10.41 m, 21.30 cm,and 0.148 m3, respectively. Phenotypic coefficients of variation and repeatabilities of traits ranged from 4.37 to48.03% and from 0.013 to 0.900, respectively. There exists significant positive correlations among heights, diameter at different heights(1.3, 3.0, 5.0 m), and volumes; genetic correlation was close to phenotype correlation. Using four growth traits(height, DBH, volume, average crown width)as indices for a comprehensive evaluation, five clones(PK11, PK 19, PK 04, PK 14, and PK 28), whose traits scored in the top 10%, were selected as elite clones. For these clones,genetic gains in height, DBH, volume and crown height were 8.58, 13.02, 32.72 and 3.83%, respectively. These results provide important information for improving P.koraiensis breeding programs.     

Comparison and early selection of new clones in Populus tomentosa

In our study, two experimental plantations, respectively, with 24 and 32 new clones of P. tomentosa, were established in Weixian County, Hebei Province and Wuzhi County, Henan Province using a completely randomized block design. A comparative study was conducted on the continuous 5-year-old height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of new clones in the two plantations. As well, based on genetic correlation over the years of testing of these clones, a preliminary study of early selection was carried out. Results indicate that the growth traits of the new clones in Weixian were better than those in Wuzhi The traits show weak correlation between the two plantations. In some stands, the height, DBH and seedling volume of 5-year-old clones presented statistically sig-nificant differences among clones. In both plantations, the new clones showed over 0.6 repeatability of beight, DBH and volume, as well as larger coefficients of variation (CV). The fact that these clones achieved the largest repeatability and CV in the second year suggests that these traits are highly controlled by heredity. Thus, based on the growth traits of the second year, the new clones B305, B307, B303, H75, BT18, BTI7 and 21J-1 were considered suitable in Weixian. hi Wuzhi, the new clones had variable repeatability and CVs in various years and their correlation of growth traits among different years was not high. We conclude that early selection of new clones was not feasible in Wuzhi.     

西南桦人工林的林木分化研究

对4、7和16年生西南桦人工林林木的胸径、树高和材积的分析结果表明:其林分林木个体间胸径的极差分别达8.30 cm、13.60 cm和15.00 cm;7年生林分林木个体间的材积极差为0.13692 m3。聚类分级结果,4、7和16年生林分林木的组间胸径极差分别达6.17 cm、12.82 cm和12.90 cm;7年生林分林木的组间活立木蓄积量极差达45.86012 m3/hm2。揭示了用实生苗营造的西南桦人工林其林木个体间强烈分化及其早期表现的客观存在,据此提供了对西南桦进行遗传改良和早期优良无性系选育的信息,同时也预示着西南桦无性系林业发展的重要性。     

马尾松无性系种子园半同胞子代变异分析和家系选择

以福建省漳平五一林场马尾松无性系种子园自由授粉子代半同胞家系为研究对象,分析其树高、胸径、材积、冠幅、通直度、高径比、冠径比、木材基本密度、管胞长度和宽度、管胞长宽比等性状,发现家系间除管胞长宽比性状差异显著,其余性状均达差异极显著,暗示着马尾松种子园半同胞家系间存在较为丰富的变异,具选育潜力。8年生林分内各性状的家系遗传力以树高性状为最高(0·691),其次是木材基本密度(0·640)。各性状间的相关性分析结果表明,生长量性状的改良可间接改善通直度,且生长量性状与木材基本密度存在显著正相关关系,木材基本密度与管胞长度和宽度不相关。采用10%入选率,发现5年生林分和8年生林分入选家系一致,材积遗传增益分别达19·74%和19·23%,且5年生林分和8年生林分生长量性状的遗传相关极显著,认为马尾松制浆造纸材短轮伐期的初选年龄可确定为5年生;根据性状遗传力的相对大小和典型相关分析的结果,认为马尾松家系选择可适当注重树高生长量指标。以树高和材积为选择指标,按照10%入选率,兼顾材性和种子园内无性系的开花结实情况,筛选出制浆造纸材短轮伐期优良家系12个。     

Variation and selection analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> clones in northeast China

Understanding genetic variation is important for efficiently selecting excellent clones and utilizing genetic resources during tree breeding. We investigated 16 growth traits of 50 32-year-old Pinus koraiensis clones. Analyses of variance showed that all the test traits differed significantly among clones. Average height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and volume of all clones were 10.41 m, 21.30 cm, and 0.148 m³, respectively. Phenotypic coefficients of variation and repeatabilities of traits ranged from 4.37 to 48.03% and from 0.013 to 0.900, respectively. There exists significant positive correlations among heights, diameter at different heights (1.3, 3.0, 5.0 m), and volumes; genetic correlation was close to phenotype correlation. Using four growth traits (height, DBH, volume, average crown width) as indices for a comprehensive evaluation, five clones (PK 11, PK 19, PK 04, PK 14, and PK 28), whose traits scored in the top 10%, were selected as elite clones. For these clones, genetic gains in height, DBH, volume and crown height were 8.58, 13.02, 32.72 and 3.83%, respectively. These results provide important information for improving P. koraiensis breeding programs.     

塞罕坝林区低密度经营对华北落叶松林分生长的影响

为了给坝上塞罕坝林区低密度经营提供依据,以华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,对不同林分密度条件下(150株/hm~2、225株/hm~2、300株/hm~2和375株/hm~2)华北落叶松林分的生长情况进行分析,研究低密度经营对华北落叶松生长的影响,提出培育华北落叶松大径级用材林的技术体系。结果表明:林分密度对胸径、树高和单株材积总生长量、平均生长量、连年生长量都有一定程度的影响,影响程度按照胸径、单株材积、树高顺序递减;林分密度过大或过小均影响华北落叶松林分的生长,林分密度控制在225~300株/hm~2时,华北落叶松胸径、树高和单株材积总生长量、平均生长量、连年生长量最大。     

长白落叶松半同胞子代遗传增益分析

以长白落叶松半同胞子代24年生林分为研究对象,测定了胸径、树高和材积生长因子,结果表明：不同半同胞家系林木各生长因子间差异均达极显著水平,说明长白落叶松半同胞家系间存在较为丰富的遗传变异,具选育潜力。24年生长白落叶松林分胸径、树高及材积遗传力分别为O．6808、0．7178及0．76060根据性状遗传力的大小,以树高...     

25年生马尾松优树子代生产力评价及家系选择

对25年生马尾松优树子代测定林调查分析,结果表明马尾松子代树高、胸径、材积在家系间存在显著的遗传变异,其家系遗传力分别为0.428、0.565和0.610。利用以树高、胸径、材积构建的指数选择方程从参试家系中选择出20个速生优良家系,平均材积遗传增益为26.0%。从入选的优良家系中选择出100株优良单株,平均材积比群体均值大122.21%。