落叶松八齿小蠹聚集信息素粗提物诱虫实验

落叶松八齿小蠹是危害落叶松的主要蛀干害虫之一,大面积发生时可造成树木长势衰弱或枯死。利用溶剂提取法提取了落叶松八齿小蠹后肠物质,并对其进行了室内和田间实验,筛选出了最有效的粗提物剂量。结果是30ME剂量时,不论是室内、还是田间,其反应率和诱虫效果比其他剂量都好。     

落叶松八齿小蠹化学防治技术的研究

落叶松八齿小蠹卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫产卵及补充营养期均在落叶松皮内度过，仅在寻找寄主、越冬等阶段在皮外度过。根据该虫生物学的这些特性，我们分别研究筛选了杀皮内药剂、驱避药剂和杀越冬成虫药剂。结果表明，利用５０％氟氯菊脂、２０％的菊马乳油、８０％ＤＤＶ等药剂杀皮内小蠹虫效果均达９０％以上；利用敌百虫等药剂杀越冬等暴露在外的成虫效果可达１００％；利用速灭杀丁、一扫光等药剂驱避效果５天内可达１００％，至３０天仍可达７０％以上。１９９４—１９９５两年结合营林共防治５７０ｈｍ２，挽回经济损失达２９４．８０万元。     

抚顺地区落叶松八齿小蠹为害规律及其防治方法

落叶松八齿小蠹属于次期害虫，即在伐倒木、生长衰弱木和砧死木上产卵、繁殖、为害。由于抚顺地区2000-2001两年的严重干旱，造成大面积的落叶松林林被旱死，给落叶松八齿小蠹的猖獗发生创造了有利条件。为控制其传播、蔓延和为害，我们紧密结合生产实际，对该虫为害规律及防治方法进行了探索，并取得了初步效果。     

薰蒸法防除落叶松八齿小蠹

１９９７年净月潭林区潭南楞场落叶松原木上落叶松八齿小蠹比较猖獗。本文通过塑棚薰蒸法进行了此害虫的防治。     

牡丹江地区落叶松八齿小蠹种群动态的时空表达

利用引诱剂对牡丹江地区落叶松八齿小蠹种群动态的时空表达进行研究的结果表明:牡丹江地区落叶松八齿小蠹有三个扬飞高峰期,即5月15~25日、6月24日~7月4日、8月3~13日;在扬飞期间内,诱集到的落叶松八齿小蠹雄虫的数量多于雌虫;在林缘附近诱集到的落叶松八齿小蠹的数量多于林内中心地带。     

蒸法防除落叶松八齿小蠹

】１９９７年净月潭林区潭南楞场落叶松原木上落叶松八齿小蠹比较猖獗。本文通过塑棚薰蒸法进行了此害虫的防治。     

落叶松八齿小蠹防治技术

落叶松八齿小蠹是危害落叶松的重要害虫.本文对其生物学特性进行了观察,并从营林防治、饵木诱杀和信息素诱杀三个方面介绍了落叶松八齿小蠹的防治技术.     

落叶松八齿小蠹营林防治技术的研究

本文从森林经营角度出发，对落叶松八齿小蠹的发生与防治进行了研究，探讨了落叶松八齿小蠹的发生与地形地势、水热条件、土壤及人为经营活动的关系。研究了这些环境因子与该虫发生的起因及规律性；研究了小囊虫的发生与林分生长的关系；提出了营林防治的技术方法；     

油松挥发性物质分析及红脂大小蠹的触角电位反应

分布于山西的油松树脂中的挥发性物质主要成份为(R)-( )-α-蒎烯、(S)-(-)-β-蒎烯和(S)-( )-3-蒈烯,占萜烯总量的97%以上,其中(S)-( )-3-蒈烯的比例最大,另外还有香叶烯、( )-柠檬烯、莰烯、孟二烯和水芹烯等成份.触角电位反应中,雄性红脂大小蠹对油松挥发性物质中(S)-(-)-α-蒎烯、柠檬烯和(S)-( )-3-蒈烯的反应较为强烈,而雌性红脂大小蠹对油松挥发性物质中(S)-( )-3-蒈烯、柠檬烯、(S)-(-)-α-蒎烯和香叶烯的反应较为强烈.雌性红脂大小蠹较雄性红脂大小蠹对这些挥发性物质更为敏感.寄生于我国油松的红脂大小蠹对树体挥发物的反应与原产地美国有较大的差异,产生变化可能与寄主挥发物成分和环境变化有关,但其机制还有待于进一步研究.     

A review： chemical ecology of Ips typographus （Coleoptera, Scolytidae）

Chemical ecology of the spruce bark beetle lps typographus （L.） was reviewed. The outbreak of 1.typographus in central Europe triggered extensive research on chemical ecology, Males initiate host location and produce semiochemicals which attract both males and females, A successful mass attack must first overcome the resistance of the host tree. Pioneer I. typographus evolved to use the resin flow of host trees as kairomones in host location, and synthesized semiochemicals initially to detoxify the resin. If small bark beetle populations infest healthy trees, mass attack is prevented by host resistance, Nine monoterpene alcohols were found in male hind-guts, including cis-verbenol （cV） and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol （MB） which are regarded as primary aggregation pheromones, and a low proportion of lpsdienol （ld） which increases attractiveness of cV and MB, Verbenone （Vn） and Ipsenol （le） are anti-aggregation pheromones, that play important roles in adjusting attack density and insect density under the bark. Non-host volatiles are repellent to L typographus, so that beetles do not waste energy boring into non-host trees. The relationship between host resistance, pheromone compounds and behavior, non-host volatiles, bioassays and mass trapping are reviewed, Results of field bioassays stressed that traps baited with specific pheromones could be used as a reasonable protection measure.     

云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展(鞘翅目,小蠹科)

本文对云杉八齿小蠹化学生态的研究进展进行了综述。云杉八齿小蠹在中欧的大面积爆发激发了广大林业科学工作者对其化学生态学的广泛研究。在寻找寄主的过程中,雄性找到寄主后释放化学信息物质吸引雄性和雌性的聚集。开始发起进攻的小蠹在找寻寄主的过程中能利用寄主树脂作为利己素,并能够在体内解毒后合成可被利用的化学信息物质。在云杉八齿小蠹雄性的中肠中,我们发现9种单萜类化合物,主要是反式马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇,这两种物质被认为是云杉八齿小蠹聚集信息素的主要成分。小蠹二烯醇的含量虽然很低但是能显著提高马鞭草烯醇和2-甲基3-己烯2-醇的野外诱集作用。马鞭草烯酮和小蠹烯醇是反聚集信息素,在调节攻击密度和树皮下的种群密度的过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要综述了寄主抗性、信息素成分和小蠹虫行为之间的关系。野外生测的结果证明利用信息素防治云杉八齿小蠹是行之有效的防治方法。     

双斑长跗萤叶甲对几种植物挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

采用触角电位(EAG)、"Y"型嗅觉仪和风洞的方法研究双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫对14种植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应,筛选出对双斑长跗萤叶甲有效的植物挥发物,为该害虫的种群监测和防控提供新技术。研究结果表明:稀释102、103倍的薄荷精油和1 mol.L-1的香叶醇能引发双斑长跗萤叶甲强烈的EAG反应(P<0.01),且嗅觉测试表明,薄荷精油(稀释102倍)对双斑长跗萤叶甲的最大驱避率为(74±5.47)%,香叶醇(1 mol.L-1)对双斑长跗萤叶甲的最大引诱率为(70±10.00)%。风洞行为趋性研究表明:稀释102倍的薄荷精油对双斑长跗萤叶甲的最大驱避率为(72±8.37)%,而1 mol.L-1的香叶醇对双斑长跗萤叶甲的最佳引诱率为(66±8.94)%。     

红脂大小蠹的捕食性天敌——大唼蜡甲发育和温度的关系研究

Rhizophagus grandis (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) is an important predator of Dendroctonus valens which is an invasive alien pest attacking pine trees in China. It was first introduced into China in 2000 and mass rearing techniques had been developed by the authors since then. This paper dealed with the study on the developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of R. grandis. The result showed that the developmental threshold temperatures of egg, larva and pupae were 3.59±2.92 ℃, 1.96±0.73 ℃ and 9.27±1.19 ℃ respectively, and the effective accumulated temperatures were 98.32±16.26 degree-day, 296.94±12.45 degree-day and 449.67±53.19 degree-day respectively. Therefore, the total effective accumulated temperature from egg to pupa was 844.93 degree-day.     

入侵害虫红脂大小蠹的适生区和适生寄主分析

根据发生区内的历史气象资料研究分析得出,1997年的春季干旱气候是造成1998年红脂大小蠹在山西突然暴发的原因,其中主要影响因子为春季的空气相对湿度和降水.据此利用地理信息系统软件Arcview3.2和全国305个站点的气候数据预测出该害虫在我国的气候适生区,确定目前发生区并非其最佳适生区,而是稍偏北的更加干旱地区.在这些地区如果有适宜寄主存在,一旦传入害虫将会严重发生.而目前发生区害虫种群密度则随气候转常会逐渐降低直至条件适宜再度暴发.以目前最适寄主油松为参照,对发生区及潜在区的主要针叶植物挥发物组成和比例进行相似性分析,并据此对潜在寄主进行判断,确定白皮松和云杉是除油松外较危险的侵入树种.     

Spatial distribution pattern of attack of the oak borer,Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae), and scolytid ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on fresh logs

The spatial distribution patterns of the attack on fresh logs ofPasania edulis was studied for the oak borer,Platypus quercivorus (Murayama), and two species of Scolytid ambrosia beetles,Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) andXyleborus attenuatus Blanford, in 1994 and 1995. On the logs where onlyP. quercivorus attacked, the entry holes were distributed uniformly when attack intensity was low. However, the distribution pattern became more aggregated with the increase in attack intensity. On logs where bothP. quercivorus and the two Scolytid species attacked, there was a negative association between the spatial distribution of the entry holes ofP. quercivorus and that of scolytids. Simultaneous attack of two scolytids also increased the degree of aggregation of the entry holes ofP. quercivorus. The entry holes of scolytids were distributed in groups irrespective of the attack intensity of scolytids andP. quercivorus. These results suggest an asymmetrical interspecific relationship betweenP. quercivorus and scolytids. Concentration of the entry holes ofP. quercivorus in a small area may cause a considerable decline in the reproductive success in the galleries constructed there.     

Annual variation of pathogen occurrence and pathogen prevalence in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Ips typographus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Scolytidae) from the BOKU University Forest Demonstration Centre

Four different pathogen species (Gregarina typographi, Chytridiopsis typographi, Unikaryon montanum and Menzbieria chalcographi) were found in adult Ips typographus from the Forest Demonstration Centre, BOKU University in the course of a 7-year period of investigation (1995–2001). Annual variations were found in both the spectrum and prevalence of pathogen species. Variations were found in the number of infected male and female beetles as well as the infections of beetles with different dates of emergence.     

Genetic comparison of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips duplicatus</Emphasis> (Sahlberg, 1836) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae,Scolytinae) populations from Europe and Asia

The distribution of the double spined spruce engraver beetle Ips duplicatus ranges from Scandinavia and northeastern Europe to northern Asia. In Europe, I. duplicatus usually is associated with I. typographus on Picea abies, and due to morphological similarities and similar gallery constructions the damage and significance of I. duplicatus are often not recognised and thus underestimated. I. duplicatus has been recently reported from the southern part of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, northern parts of Austria and Germany; records are missing from many other central European countries (e.g., Hungary). The species became an important pest in some parts of central Europe, and continuous outbreaks of this bark beetle have been reported in Inner Mongolia, China, since the 1950s. The aim of this study was to compare I. duplicatus populations from Europe and Asia by genetic means using the analysis of the mitochondrial DNA. Individuals of I. duplicatus populations from China, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia were collected, and 520 bp fragments of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were analysed. Four haplotypes were detected and a sequence divergence of 0.8% was found between the populations from China and Europe. These differences associate with behavioural differences in the pheromone bouquet and behavioural response of the two groups. Within Europe three haplotypes were found, but due to the small sample size no significant geographical distribution was demonstrated.     

Abundance and distribution of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Xylosandrus germanus</Emphasis> (Blandford 1894) (Coleoptera,Scolytidae) in Belgium: new observations and an attempt to outline its range

In Belgium, the current distribution and abundance of Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), a relatively new species to the Belgian fauna, is poorly known. Therefore, data on the range and population levels of this ambrosia beetle, on a regional and local scale respectively, are presented. Based on those results, the beetles range is discussed. Among the analysed biotic and abiotic factors that could influence the species settlement and population levels, climatic ones, and temperature in particular, seem to exert a crucial influence.