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饲养容器及密度对杨扇舟蛾生长发育和存活的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为实现杨扇舟蛾颗粒体病毒的大量生产,进行了筛选室内大量饲养杨扇舟蛾的适宜容器和密度试验。结果表明,饲养容器和密度对杨扇舟蛾均有显著影响。其中用杯底直径4.5 cm,杯口直径7 cm,高8.5 cm的透明塑料杯做容器饲养的杨扇舟蛾幼虫死亡率、逃逸率最低,化蛹率、蛹羽化率、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率最高,幼虫平均发育历期最短。8头/杯时的饲养密度,幼虫存活率最高,幼虫和蛹的体重增长最多,而且蛹羽化率、总产卵量、单雌产卵量以及产生子代个数也最高。 相似文献
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苦豆草生物碱对分月扇舟蛾的取食、生长和繁殖的抑制作用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
研究了苦豆草生物碱对分月扇舟蛾幼虫拒食、生长和繁殖的影响。在选择性取食时,2.5mg·mL-1苦豆草生物碱即对分月扇舟蛾幼虫具有强烈的拒食作用,拒食率达62%~86%,而在非选择性取食时,拒食率仅为20%~29%;在选择性取食时,虫龄越大,拒食率越大,非选择性取食则未见此趋势。苦豆草生物碱对分月扇舟蛾幼虫的生长具有明显的抑制作用,表现在取食生物碱处理的食物后体重、体重增加量、相对生长率均显著降低。用浓度为10mg·mL-1的苦豆草生物碱处理后第2天,分月扇舟蛾幼虫相对生长率比对照下降了39.8%。对食物的消耗和利用效率均显著下降;取食量和排粪量分别是对照的57.7%和57.4%,近似消化率升高,而食物转化率和利用率均下降。此外,苦豆草生物碱处理后成虫的产卵量明显低于对照。讨论了利用苦豆草这一荒漠植物防治森林害虫的意义和前景。 相似文献
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用转双抗虫基因741杨(简称转基因741杨)不同系号分别从不同龄期开始连续饲养舞毒蛾Lmantria disparL和杨扇舟蛾Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius)幼虫,通过幼虫死亡率、发育速率、体重增加速率、排粪量、蛹重等指标,系统揭示了转基因741杨对从不同龄期开始饲养的舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾各龄幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明:用转基因741杨开始饲养的舞毒蛾和杨扇舟蛾幼虫的龄期越低,其死亡率越高,对幼虫生长发育的抑制作用越明显,随着开始饲养龄期的升高,幼虫的死亡率降低,生长发育受的抑制作用减弱。通过比较分别从1、2、3、4、5龄开始饲养的舞毒蛾各龄幼虫的体重增加速率、发育历期和排粪量表明,转基因741杨对从不同龄期开始饲养的舞毒蛾幼虫生长至同一龄期的抗性不同,取食转基因741杨的时间越长对舞毒蛾幼虫的抑制作用越明显。 相似文献
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苦参碱烟碱乳油防治杨扇舟蛾试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杨扇舟蛾在安徽北部一般一年4代,以蛹在茧内过冬,越冬蛹一般5月份羽化出成虫,成虫羽化后不久交尾产卵.第一代幼虫6月份进入危害期,第二代幼虫7月份进入危害期,第三代幼虫8月份进入危害期,第四代幼虫9月份进入危害期,10月下旬老熟幼虫沿树干向下爬至地面寻找枯枝落叶吐丝缀叶化蛹越冬.随着杨树纯林面积的不断扩大,蒙城及周边地区杨扇舟蛾危害日显突出,杨树每年凶杨扇舟蛾危害,叶片被蚕食,光合作用降低,林木正常生长受到影响,林木生长量下降.为了有效控制杨扇舟蛾的危害,减少林农的经济损失,探索高效、低毒、低残留、无公害的防治技术,蒙城县森林病虫害防治检疫站在省业务部门的支持与指导下,进行了应用1.2%苦参碱烟碱乳油防治杨扇舟蛾试验. 相似文献
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利用赤眼蜂防治杨扇舟蛾 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨扇舟蛾是夏秋季危害杨树的主要害虫之一,近年来,北京大兴县部分片林,林网发现杨扇舟蛾危害状。1999年秋季个别地段杨树叶片被杨扇舟蛾吃光,他们及时采取了化学药剂防治措施,对其进行防治,2000年入夏以后,又组织专入进行预测预报。及时测虫情,并对部分片林、林网成功地进行了生物防治──利用赤眼蜂防治杨扇舟蛾。 一、防治原理 赤眼蜂是杨扇舟蛾卵期的天敌,雌蜂将卵产在杨扇舟蛾的卵内,吸取营养孵化成幼虫,幼虫发育成蛹,蛹不断发育成蜂,羽化后破壳而出,雌雄蜂交配后。雌蜂继续产卵寄生于新的杨扇舟峨卵内,使杨扁舟… 相似文献
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分月扇舟蛾(Clostera anastomosis L.)是杨树主要的食叶害虫,通过4年的试验研究,我们对越冬代,第1代幼虫防治指标进行了测定。发生期测报采用物候法、温度指标、历期法及有效积温法,发生量测报通过有效基数调查和查蛹、查卵方法对越冬代和第一代幼虫分别进行预测。 相似文献
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明纹柏松毛虫(D end rolim us suffuscus illustratus L a jonqu iere)是侧柏树重要的暴发性食叶害虫。该虫在山西省1 a发生1代,以3龄-5龄幼虫越冬,翌年3月底至4月上旬越冬幼虫开始上树取食。幼虫多为8龄,幼虫期133.5 d,幼虫越冬前期和结茧化蛹前期发育历期较长;雌蛾比雄蛾寿命长,雌蛹蛹期21 d,雄蛹蛹期28.5 d。可结合蜘蛛、食蚜蝇、赤眼蜂、平腹小蜂等天敌对其进行防治。 相似文献
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Expression of the two coleopteran-resistant proteins (Bt-Cry3A and oryzacystatin I) was detected in the leaves of field-grown transgenic poplar (BOGA-5) in two or three subsequent years. The BOGA-5 contained ~10 μg g(-1) of Cry3A over the individual years with no detection in the control, and protein extracts from BOGA-5 displayed a higher reduction in papain activity (~42%) compared with ~21% in the control. Laboratory feeding experiments showed that the total mortality of the target pest Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera, Chrysomelida) larvae fed with BOGA-5 leaves was 76.7%, significantly higher than that of the control (P.05). However, no significant differences were detected in the mortality, exuviation index, pupation rate or adult eclosion rate of the non-target Clostera anachoreta (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) fed with leaves from transgenic and non-transgenic poplars. Field investigation indicated that the transgenic poplar retained coleopteran insect resistance in the field, suggesting the potential use of the double gene transgenic poplar for pest management in commercial poplar plantations. 相似文献
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Ashutosh Sharma Abhinay Thakur Sanehdeep Kaur Pratap Kumar Pati 《Journal of pest science》2012,85(4):513-518
Twenty-eight spotted potato ladybird beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata) is a polyphagous pest that infests various crop plants of the family Solanceae. It extensively infests Withania somnifera, a high-value medicinal plant of this family. Both the beetle and W. somnifera leaf spot pathogen (Alternaria alternata) are individually found to be closely associated with the foliar damage and may rarely infest the same leaf simultaneously. Beetles fed on diseased leaves showed high pupal and larval mortality. Furthermore, the development of the larvae into pupa and from pupa to adult was also delayed, which in turn delayed the overall development of the insect. Adult emergence from pupae is also reduced in the insects fed on diseased leaves. Since the fungal pathogen is host specific to W. somnifera and does not infect the other solanaceous crops, therefore this fungal stain can be used in designing bio-control strategies for the other solanaceous plants frequently infested by the beetle. 相似文献
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Zhende Yang Boguang Zhao Lin Zhu Jie Fang Luqing Xia 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(2):190-195
Alkaloids from Sophora alopecuroids were bioassayed with Clostera anastomosis for their antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects. The antifeedant rate in choice test reached 62%–86% at the dose 2.5
mg/mL, while in non-choice bioassay the rate was only 20%–29%. In choice bioassay, the antifeedant rate increased with larval
instars of C. anastomosis and did not in non-choice experiment. The alkaloids also imposed a strong influence on the growth of C. anastomosis larvae, i.e., after feeding on the leaves treated with alkaloid, the larvae lost their weight, weight gain, and relative
growth rate (RGR) significantly when compared with the controls. In the second day after treatment with the dose at 10 mg/mL
of the alkaloid, the RGR reduced by 39.8%, and the food intake and the feces weight were respectively 57.7% and 57.4% of the
controls. The approximate digestibility (AD) increased significantly, and the efficiency in converting digested food (ECD),
and the efficiency in converting ingested food (ECI) decreased greatly after feeding the treated leaves. Moreover, the eggs
laid per female were also inhibited by this alkaloid. The significance and prospect of the alkaloids in controlling forest
insect pests were also discussed.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(4) [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(4)] 相似文献
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以转Bt基因南林895杨树叶片饲喂杨扇舟蛾,研究 Bt 毒蛋白对害虫体内代谢酶的影响。结果表明: 酯酶和羧酸酯酶明显受到抑制。中肠酯酶活性在取食 4 ~ 48 h 内持续下降,羧酸酯酶活性在前期 4 h 有所上升但随后持续下降。多功能氧化酶活性从 24 h 起,受抑而下降,但不显著。谷胱甘肽 S - 转移酶活性在前 36 h 内波动不大,48 h 后显著受抑。乙酰胆碱酶的活性无明显受抑。超氧化物歧化酶活性 12 h 后略升高,然而在取食 12 ~ 48 h活性持续下降,与之相反,过氧化物酶活性在 4 ~ 48 h呈上升状态。过氧化氢酶活性在 4 ~ 12 h 呈下降状态,24 ~48 h呈上升状态。转 Bt 基因杨树主要通过抑制酯酶和羧酸酯酶并扰乱超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶的协调作用干扰害虫的正常生理代谢,起到杀虫作用。 相似文献
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闽北地区杨扇舟蛾生物学特性的观察 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1991—1992年的观察结果表明:杨扇舟蛾在福建省顺昌县一年发生5代,以蛹在表土层、树皮缝隙处越冬,翌年4月上旬成虫开始羽化。各代幼虫为害期分别为5月、6月、7—8月、9月、10—11月,以7—9月的3、4代危害最烈,蛹期6—9天;成虫寿命6—9天;卵期3—9天;天敌有9种。 相似文献
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转基因杨树对杨小舟蛾幼虫解毒酶活性的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
用转Bt单基因和转Bt CpTI双价基因杨树叶片饲喂杨小舟蛾,幼虫中肠酯酶的活力在饲喂初期显著升高,但在饲喂一定时间后受到抑制:转Bt单基因杨树在饲喂24 h开始受到抑制,48 h受到明显抑制,较对照下降了15.8%;而转双价基因杨树在饲喂12 h受到明显抑制,较对照下降了38.1%.转双价基因杨树对中肠酯酶的抑制作用大于转Bt单基因杨树.转Bt单基因杨树对幼虫中肠羧酸酯酶的抑制能力不强,而转双价基因杨树对中肠羧酸酯酶的抑制作用大于转Bt单基因杨树,饲喂12 h后活力开始受到抑制,饲喂24、36、48 h的活力分别较对照下降了33.4%、22.5%、29.6%,与对照均有显著差异.转基因杨树主要通过抑制幼虫中肠酯酶和羧酸酯酶这2种解毒酶活性而干扰昆虫正常的生理代谢,从而起到毒杀害虫的作用. 相似文献